جستجوی استاد راهنمای دانشگاهی

Alan Saghatelianمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Metabolomics
• Peptide Biology
• Mass Spectrometry
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Alan Saghatelian is a Professor and holds the Dr. Frederik Paulsen Chair at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he leads the Clayton Foundation Laboratory for Peptide Biology. His research focuses on the discovery and characterization of natural small molecules, particularly metabolites and peptides, using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. Dr. Saghatelian received his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from The Scripps Research Institute. He completed his postdoctoral training as a Merck Fellow with the Life Sciences Research Foundation. His research program distinguishes itself through its focus on biology related to metabolites and peptides, which he refers to as natural small molecules. These molecules have vital roles in human physiology and disease but have been historically understudied due to technical challenges in their detection. Saghatelian's lab has made significant discoveries, including the identification of FAHFAs (fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids), a novel class of lipids with anti-inflammatory properties that can reverse diabetes symptoms in mice. His team has also discovered thousands of human genes encoding microproteins that could advance our understanding of molecular pathways controlling diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. Dr. Saghatelian's work spans multiple disease areas, with significant contributions to diabetes research, cancer biology, neurodegenerative diseases, and immunological disorders. His laboratory collaborates extensively with other researchers at Salk to understand the role of peptides and metabolites across various biological contexts. Mark Foundation for Cancer Research Endeavor Award (2022) American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow (2020) Sloan Foundation Fellow (2011) Searle Scholars Program Award (2008) New Innovator Award, National Institutes of Health (2007) Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in Biomedical Sciences (2005) Dr. Saghatelian's laboratory has been highly productive, with numerous publications in top-tier journals. His recent work has focused on microprotein discovery, lipid signaling molecules like FAHFAs, and the application of advanced proteomics and metabolomics techniques to understand disease mechanisms. His research program demonstrates a strong trajectory of innovation, moving from fundamental discoveries of new biological molecules to potential therapeutic applications. The Saghatelian Lab develops and applies novel mass spectrometry strategies to measure changes in small molecules that are often overlooked by traditional biological methods focusing on DNA, RNA, and proteins. The lab's work has revealed previously unknown aspects of human biology, including novel signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms mediated by small molecules.

Anne Claire Conibearمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Protein chemistry
• Peptide chemistry
• Chemical biology
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Anne Claire Conibear is an Assistant Professor (Tenure Track) in Protein Chemistry at the Faculty of Technical Chemistry, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Austria. She also holds an Honorary Research Fellow position at the School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland. Her research focuses on using protein and peptide chemistry tools to create site-specifically modified proteins to study post-translational modifications in biological processes. Dr. Conibear's research interests include: Protein and peptide chemistry Chemical biology Post-translational modifications Protein synthesis and semi-synthesis Structural biology NMR spectroscopy Her current research projects focus on understanding how posttranslational modifications of HMGN1 regulate DNA packaging and how phosphorylation regulates β-catenin in oncogenic signaling. She develops chemical tools to create specifically modified proteins that allow precise investigation of how these modifications affect protein structure and function. Dr. Conibear has received several prestigious awards including the Boulder Peptide Foundation Danho Young Investigator Award (2025) and multiple Career Track Awards from the University of Queensland. She supervises multiple PhD students and has successfully mentored several graduate students through their theses. Her teaching includes courses on biomolecule synthesis, bachelor seminars, and foundational chemistry laboratories at TU Wien.

Julian D. Langerمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Mass Spectrometry
• Structural Biology
• Proteomics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr. Julian D. Langer serves as Group Leader and Head of Mass Spectrometry at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics and Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt. His laboratory specializes in developing advanced mass spectrometry workflows and methods to address complex questions in structural biology, molecular neurobiology, and membrane protein research. Funded by both Max Planck Institutes, his lab operates eight state-of-the-art instruments from Bruker, Thermo, and Waters coupled to nano-UPLCs and analytical UPLCs. Dr. Langer's research focuses on three primary areas: direct sequencing of membrane protein complexes, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for studying membrane protein dynamics, and proteome profiling in neuronal systems. His group has made significant contributions to identifying novel subunits in membrane protein complexes, characterizing ligand binding sites, and monitoring proteome remodeling in homeostatic synaptic plasticity. He is particularly known for developing specialized MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques that allow acquisition of information-rich PSD MS/MS spectra up to m/z 9000. His recent work demonstrates significant trends toward neuroproteomics and small protein discovery , with numerous publications on synaptic proteome mapping, neuronal ribosome dynamics, and detection of novel small proteins in prokaryotes. His research bridges structural biology, neurobiology, and analytical chemistry, with applications spanning from basic membrane protein mechanisms to neurological disorders. Dr. Langer actively collaborates with numerous research groups and is a member of DFG's SPP 2002 (Small proteins in prokaryotes) and BMBF's MOEL-SOEL program. He has developed specialized methodologies including BONCAT technology for proteome turnover studies and workflows for cell-type specific proteome analysis from living animals. His laboratory maintains strong connections with instrument vendors and has successfully extended HDX-MS techniques to large membrane protein complexes. Current research directions include investigating protein synthesis in neuronal processes, characterizing molecular components in specialized cellular systems like Sepia chromatophores, and developing next-generation mass spectrometry approaches for biomolecular analysis.

• Cancer Biology
• Tumor Heterogeneity
• Glioblastoma Research
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Michalina Janiszewska is an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida leading the SR-MM-JANISZEWSKA LAB, where her research focuses on intratumor heterogeneity dynamics in aggressive brain tumors. Her work bridges molecular oncology and translational research to uncover mechanisms driving therapy resistance in glioblastoma and other cancers. Her educational background includes a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from the University of Lausanne (2012), a Master's of Science in Medical Biotechnology from the University of Wroclaw (2007), and a Bachelor's of Science in Biotechnology from the University of Wroclaw (2005). Dr. Janiszewska's research centers on how subclonal cancer cell populations interact with tumor microenvironments to drive disease progression. Her lab employs single-cell genomics, spatial transcriptomics, and molecular techniques to investigate RNA-binding proteins (particularly IMP2), epigenetic regulators like HDACs and EZH2, and vascular niche organization in glioblastoma. Key interests include cancer stem cell maintenance, mutation-dependent heterogeneity, and microenvironmental influences on therapeutic response. Analysis of her recent publications reveals a cohesive focus on tumor heterogeneity across multiple dimensions: spatial organization in recurrent glioblastoma, single-cell genomic variations in breast cancer, and epigenetic vulnerabilities in cancer evolution. Her work consistently connects molecular mechanisms to clinical resistance patterns, with strong emphasis on RNA biology and microenvironmental interactions as therapeutic targets. Dr. Janiszewska currently manages three active research grants: Principal Investigator for "Oncofetal protein as a therapeutic target in pediatric brain tumors" (FL DEPT OF HLTH LIVE LIKE BELLA, June 2024) Principal Investigator for "Scott R. MacKenzie Foundation Final Grant application" (UF FOUNDATION via SCOTT R MACKENZIE FOUNDATION, December 2023) Project Manager for "American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant" (AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, January 2022) These projects support her lab's mission to translate heterogeneity research into clinical applications. The SR-MM-JANISZEWSKA LAB specializes in dissecting intratumor heterogeneity in brain tumors through advanced molecular techniques. The lab investigates cancer stem cell regulation, RNA-protein interactions, and spatial tumor architecture to develop strategies targeting therapy-resistant subclones. Current work emphasizes perivascular niches in glioblastoma recurrence and leveraging collateral lethality for precision interventions.

• Artificial Intelligence
• Big Data Analytics
• Bioinformatics
• +۲۱ مورد دیگر

Dr. Mahakim Newton is a Lecturer in Data Science at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and an Adjunct Senior Research Fellow at Griffith University’s Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems. He holds a PhD in Computer and Information Sciences from the University of Strathclyde, alongside degrees from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). His research focuses on artificial intelligence, machine learning, bioinformatics, and computer education, with notable contributions to protein structure prediction and IoT interoperability. Education: Ph.D., University of Strathclyde M.Sc.Engg., Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology B.Sc.Engg., Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Research Interests: Dr. Newton’s work bridges AI and computational biology, including protein-ligand binding affinity prediction, bioinformatics algorithms, and IoT edge networks. He explores machine learning techniques for environmental informatics and drug discovery, emphasizing scalable solutions for complex problems. Teaching: He coordinates courses like Computing Project , Algorithms , and Deterministic and Stochastic Optimisation at the University of Newcastle, integrating practical and theoretical insights. Grants and Labs: Involved in interdisciplinary projects on water quality prediction and edge computing interoperability. His collaborations span academic and industrial partners, advancing applications in healthcare and environmental monitoring.

Matthew Smithمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Molecular Plant Cell Biology
• Intracellular Protein Trafficking
• Chloroplast Biogenesis
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Matthew Smith is Professor and Chair of the Department of Biology at Wilfrid Laurier University, currently on sabbatical until December 2024. His research focuses on molecular mechanisms in plant cell biology with expertise in protein trafficking and membrane dynamics. Research interests include: Chloroplast biogenesis and protein import pathways Structural-functional relationships in membrane proteins Mechanisms of protein-protein interactions in cellular transport Mitochondrial uncoupling protein functions Recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on membrane protein dynamics, with consistent themes in proton transport mechanisms, chloroplast targeting systems, and computational modeling of protein structures. Article keywords predominantly fall within biochemistry, structural biology, and plant molecular biology domains.

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Enzymology
• Virology
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr Lennart Brewitz is a Lecturer in Chemistry at Jesus College, University of Oxford. He holds a PhD from the Technical University of Dortmund (2011-2014) and an M.Sc. from the Technical University of Munich (2006-2011). His research focuses on enzymology, drug discovery, and the development of inhibitors targeting viral and human enzymes, particularly SARS-CoV-2 proteases and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways. Academic Background: PhD (Chemistry): Technical University of Dortmund (with Prof. Alois Fürstner) M.Sc. (Chemistry): Technical University of Munich Research Interests: Structure-activity relationships of SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors Therapeutic applications of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in oncology Biochemical mechanisms of oxygen-dependent hydroxylases Design of macrocyclic peptides for antiviral drug delivery Recent work (2023–2025) emphasizes discovery of potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease and papain-like protease, with notable contributions to understanding enzyme selectivity and hypoxia signaling pathways. His methods include activity-based proteomics and mass spectrometry-based assays. No scientific awards or grants are explicitly mentioned in the provided texts. No student advisees are listed, though he contributes to undergraduate organic chemistry teaching at Jesus College. His research is affiliated with the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, leveraging interdisciplinary approaches in medicinal chemistry and enzymology.

James Daleمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Biofortification of bananas
• Plant disease resistance (e.g., Fusarium wilt, viruses)
• Molecular farming
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Distinguished Professor James Dale is a Professor in the School of Biology & Environmental Science at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). He holds a PhD and BScAgr from the University of Sydney. As Program Leader (Banana Biotechnology) and inaugural Director of QUT’s Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities (CTCB), he leads global research in agricultural biotechnology, focusing on disease-resistant and nutrient-enhanced crops like bananas and sugarcane. His research interests span biofortification (e.g., vitamin A-enriched bananas), genetic engineering for disease resistance (Fusarium wilt, viruses), and molecular farming for medical proteins. He has pioneered transgenic solutions for tropical crops and collaborates internationally, including with African institutions like Uganda’s National Agricultural Research Organisation. Key achievements include developing GM banana varieties with biofortification and disease resistance traits, leading a Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-funded project, and commercializing biotech innovations through ventures like Leaf Energy. Awards include an Order of Australia (AO) and ATSE Fellowship. He has supervised over 25 PhD students and secured major grants, advancing sugarcane biofuel technologies and tropical crop improvement. His work bridges lab-to-field translation, emphasizing socio-economic impacts in developing regions.

Linda Chelicoمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• HIV Restriction Factors
• DNA Deaminases
• Mutagenesis
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dr. Linda Chelico is a Professor and Department Head of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology at the University of Saskatchewan's College of Medicine. Her research focuses on APOBEC cytosine deaminases, studying their roles in HIV restriction and cancer mutagenesis. She leads a lab investigating how these enzymes interact with retroviruses like HIV-1, their mechanisms of DNA deamination, and their unintended oncogenic consequences. Her work bridges virology, biochemistry, and cancer biology, with recent grants exceeding $1.6M from CIHR and NSERC. Education: PhD in Applied Microbiology (USask), postdoctoral training at University of Southern California (USC). Key areas include HIV restriction factors, DNA deaminases, enzyme mechanisms, and mutagenesis. She explores APOBEC interactions with viral proteins (e.g., HIV-1 Vif) and cellular DNA repair pathways, while also examining their role in cancer via mutagenic activity in genomic regions. Research highlights include identifying APOBEC3's dual role as a virus suppressor and cancer mutagen, studying enzyme competition with DNA-binding proteins like RPA, and developing assays to measure deamination activity. Her team's work on HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses and APOBEC3's structural basis (via SAXS) underscores her interdisciplinary approach. Grants: Over $1.6M from CIHR (2019–2024) for projects on APOBEC3's HIV restriction and cancer links. Collaborations include structural biology (e.g., with Dr. Chen XS on APOBEC3G structure) and proteomic mapping (Krogan lab). Labs focus on biochemical assays, mouse xenograft models, and cross-disciplinary techniques. Publications (2024–2021) emphasize APOBEC3F/G interactions, enzyme purification, and their roles in SIV transmission and bladder cancer mutagenesis. Her work is published in Journal of Virology , Molecular and Cellular Proteomics , and Nature Communications .

F. Wayne Outtenمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Microbial Metal Metabolism
• Bioinorganic Chemistry
• Microbial Physiology
• +۷ مورد دیگر

F. Wayne Outten is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of South Carolina, affiliated with the McCausland College of Arts and Sciences. He holds the Guy F. Lipscomb, Sr. Professorship of Biochemistry. His research focuses on microbial metal metabolism, particularly Fe-S cluster biogenesis under stress conditions and metal homeostasis in bacteria. He has authored over 40 peer-reviewed publications and secured significant NIH and NSF funding. Education: B.S. in Biology (College of William and Mary, 1995); Ph.D. in Biochemistry (Northwestern University, 2001); Postdoctoral Fellowship at NIH (2001–2005). Awards include the Cottrell Scholar Award and Ada B. Thomas Advisor Award. Research Interests: Iron and copper homeostasis, oxidative stress responses, bacterial pathogenesis, and Fe-S cluster assembly pathways (Suf system). Key contributions include defining roles of SufBCD and SufE proteins in Fe-S cluster formation under iron starvation and oxidative stress. Grants: Current NIH support for studying Fe-S cluster dynamics and NSF funding for membrane biogenesis integration with metal metabolism. Collaborative projects include designing pH-responsive ferritin nanocages for drug delivery. Labs: GSRC 303, 304, 320, 321. Active in professional societies (ASBMB, ACS) and conference organization (Iron-Sulfur Biogenesis). Mentored 23 undergraduates, 16 Ph.D. students, and 3 postdocs. Military service includes roles in U.S. Army Reserve and National Guard.

• Protozoan Parasitology
• Sphingolipid Biosynthesis
• Antileishmanial Drug Discovery
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Paul Denny is a Professor in the Department of Biosciences and the Department of Chemistry at Durham University. He is also a Fellow of the Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing. His research focuses on protozoan parasites, particularly Leishmania , aiming to understand lipid biosynthesis and membrane trafficking in host-parasite interactions to identify therapeutic targets. He has held significant roles, including being the MRC Global Network for NTDs Lead and has received notable awards such as the Royal Society of Biology Fellowship. His research interests span Cell Biology, Lipid Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Parasitology. Central to his work is the study of sphingolipid biosynthesis pathways in parasites like Leishmania and Toxoplasma gondii , aiming to discover novel drug targets and therapies for neglected tropical diseases. His lab investigates antileishmanial compounds, drug delivery mechanisms, and the molecular basis of parasitic resistance to existing treatments. Key scientific achievements include the MRC Outstanding Team Impact Prize (2024) for leading a global network addressing Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, and the COMSTECH Distinguished Scholar award (2025). He has organized numerous workshops and training programs in countries like Kenya, Brazil, and Pakistan, focusing on drug discovery and capacity building in endemic regions. Professor Denny supervises multiple PhD students, including Amy Wiseman, Davide Cazzola, and others, and has secured grants supporting collaborative research across continents. His lab collaborates with institutions globally, emphasizing equitable partnerships in scientific research. Notable contributions include developing nanoparticle drug delivery systems and identifying clemastine fumarate analogues as effective antileishmanials. He is actively involved in public engagement, such as the Pint of Science event on 'flesh-eating parasites,' and serves on editorial boards including Parasitology and Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology . His recent work highlights the role of sphingolipid metabolism in parasite survival and the application of advanced sequencing technologies for rapid pathogen genotyping.

Matthew John Langمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Biophysics
• Immunology
• Molecular Physiology
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Matthew John Lang, PhD, is a Professor in both the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University. His research focuses on probing molecular and cellular machinery through functional measurements, employing methods like optical tweezers, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular simulations. Key areas include T-cell receptor (TCR) mechanobiology, cellulose degradation mechanisms, and protease dynamics. He holds dual faculty appointments and has pioneered techniques to study mechanical signaling in immune cells and enzymatic systems. Contact: matt.lang@vanderbilt.edu . Research interests emphasize understanding how mechanical forces influence molecular interactions, particularly in T-cell activation and antigen recognition. His work integrates engineering, biophysics, and immunology to unravel fundamental biological processes. Recent studies highlight the role of mechanical load in TCR-pMHC interactions, asymmetric TCR framework motions, and cellulase processivity mechanisms. Publications span biophysical mechanisms of immune receptors, enzymatic degradation pathways, and protease function. His lab develops innovative tools like combined optical trapping and fluorescence imaging for single-cell analysis. Collaborations bridge disciplines, addressing challenges in cancer immunotherapy and bioenergy applications.

• Nanopore DNA Sequencing
• Computational Materials Science
• 2D Materials Engineering
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Maria Fyta serves as a Professor of Biotechnology at RWTH Aachen University's Faculty of Biology, leading research in the Department of Biotechnology from her lab in the Biology Building (Worringerweg 3, Aachen). Her work bridges computational physics, nanotechnology, and molecular biology to develop next-generation biosensing platforms. Her research focuses on nanopore-based DNA/protein sequencing , utilizing 2D materials (graphene, MoS 2 , h-BN) and nanodiamond functionalization for single-molecule detection. Key projects include ionic liquid catalysis systems , computational alloy design , and molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecular translocation. Recent work emphasizes machine learning integration for signal analysis and materials discovery. Analysis of her 15 most recent publications reveals dominant trends in Nanopore engineering for biomolecular sensing Computational materials design of 2D systems and alloys Machine learning applications in nanofluidics While no specific scientific awards are documented in the provided materials, her extensive publication record demonstrates significant contributions to nanotechnology and biophysics. Professor Fyta's group develops advanced simulation frameworks for biomolecular translocation and collaborates on experimental validation of nanoscale devices. Current efforts focus on enhancing read-out capabilities in functionalized nanopores and designing bio-mimetic sequencing platforms.

• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Neuroimaging
• Geriatric Psychiatry
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Adam Mecca, M.D., Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Associate Director of the Yale Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit at Yale School of Medicine. He specializes in geriatric psychiatry with a focus on memory disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. His research integrates neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and MRI, to study synaptic density and neurobiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. He leads clinical trials investigating potential therapies and has pioneered novel imaging methods, including a PET technique to measure synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s patients. Dr. Mecca holds academic affiliations with the Dorothy Adler Geriatric Assessment Center, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), and the Center for Brain & Mind Health. Education: B.S. in Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Florida (2005) M.D.-Ph.D. from University of Florida College of Medicine (2012), specializing in Physiology and Pharmacology Residency in Psychiatry and Fellowship in Geriatric Psychiatry at Yale University Research Focus: Dr. Mecca’s work centers on Alzheimer’s disease, synaptic dysfunction, and translational neuroimaging. Key areas include: Developing SV2A PET tracers ([11C]UCB-J) to quantify synaptic density Linking cognitive decline to neuroimaging biomarkers Evaluating hearing loss’s impact on Alzheimer’s progression Assessing disparities in dementia diagnosis among language groups Publications & Grants: His 60+ peer-reviewed articles emphasize synaptic imaging, biomarker discovery, and clinical trial design. Notable grants include studies on CT1812’s synaptic effects and Alzheimer’s proteomic signatures. Collaborations span Yale’s neuroscience teams and international AD consortia. Labs/Teams: He directs the Yale Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, leading multidisciplinary teams in imaging, clinical trials, and basic science. The lab actively engages in NIH-funded projects and industry partnerships.

Hemmo Meyerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Proteostasis
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Prof. Hemmo Meyer is a Professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen, leading the Molecular Biology I group within the Center of Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) in the Faculty of Biology. His research focuses on cellular stress responses, proteostasis, and the roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis. He explores how the AAA+-type ATPase VCP/p97 governs processes like ER-associated degradation, DNA damage repair, and lysophagy, particularly in contexts of degenerative diseases and cancer therapy. He is also the speaker of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1430 and contributes to EU and NRW funding programs. His lab distributes plasmids via Addgene.org. Research interests include deciphering molecular mechanisms of stress-induced cell death and aging-related degeneration. Key areas involve the UPS’s coordination with cell cycle pathways, lysosomal damage sensing, and the structural biology of VCP/p97 complexes. His work bridges basic science and translational research, targeting VCP/p97’s role in diseases like ALS and FTD. Recent studies highlight discoveries of signaling pathways involved in lysosomal repair and autophagy, such as SPG20-ITCH-mediated lysophagy and UBE2QL1’s coordination of cellular responses to endolysosomal damage. Prof. Meyer collaborates extensively, working with researchers on projects ranging from structural biology to drug development. His contributions include identifying VCP/p97’s role in nuclear assembly and spindle disassembly, as well as its interactions with kinases like Aurora B. His lab’s methods span biochemistry, cell biology, and nanotechnology, including the use of calcium phosphate nanoparticles and DNA origami systems for studying cellular processes.