Antonio Toral is a leading researcher at the University of Groningen, focusing on Neural Machine Translation (NMT) , human evaluation , and parallel corpus curation . His work spans low-resource language modeling, lexical diversity enhancement, and multilingual figurative language detection. Affiliations: University of Groningen, MaCoCu Project, CREAMT Consortium Key projects: MaCoCu (Massive collection of under-resourced language data) CREAMT (Creativity in literary translation) Research interests include: Improving NMT naturalness and lexical richness Document-level evaluation of machine translations Character-level modeling and downsampling techniques Reproducibility challenges in human NLP evaluation Cross-lingual formality transfer without parallel data His recent articles (2021–2025) demonstrate expertise in: Reinforcement learning for naturalness preservation Statistical analysis of translationese effects Dependency-based reordering models Pivot translation for Catalan→Chinese Domain-specific corpus creation for EU Digital Service Infrastructures










