Christian Ringle

Christian Ringle is a prominent researcher specializing in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), contributing extensively to business research, marketing, and quality management disciplines. His work focuses on methodological advancements, including reflective and formative measurement models, Gaussian copula adjustments, and predictive analytics frameworks.

• Affiliations: Management und Entscheidungswissenschaften W-9, Human Resource Management research

Research Evolution: Bibliometric analyses reveal his leadership in mapping PLS-SEM's thematic expansion across 1995–2022, emphasizing hybridization with other analytical approaches. He advocates for hierarchical component models in HRM systems and necessary condition analysis integration.

Key Methodological Contributions: Includes development of the EP-mixed framework for replicable MIS theories, adjusted Gaussian copula estimators for endogeneity correction, and combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA) tutorials using SmartPLS 4.