Robert West is an Associate Professor at EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) in the School of Computer and Communication Sciences , leading the Data Science Lab (dlab) . His research focuses on Natural Language Processing , Machine Learning , and Computational Social Science , analyzing human-generated data from the web, social media, and online platforms. Education : PhD in Computer Science (2016) - Stanford University MSc in Computer Science (2010) - McGill University BSc in Computer Science (2007) - Technische Universität München Research Interests : West develops algorithms for analyzing large-scale web data, with emphasis on multilingual NLP , social network analysis , and AI ethics . His work bridges machine learning with social science to understand digital human behavior. Scientific Awards : ICWSM’22 Adamic–Glance Distinguished Young Researcher Award Google Faculty Research Award Facebook Research Award Multiple Outstanding Paper Awards at ICWSM and WWW Advising & Grants : He advises 12 PhD students and has secured funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation , Swiss Data Science Center , and industry partners. His lab maintains collaborations with Microsoft Research and CROSS . Labs & Collaborations : West leads the Data Science Lab at EPFL, which focuses on web-scale data analysis , privacy-preserving machine learning , and AI for social good . The lab develops tools like Wikispeedia and Quotebank for public data exploration.
Jennifer Olsen, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at the University of San Diego since 2020. She holds a PhD, MS, and BS in Human-Computer Interaction and Cognitive Science from Carnegie Mellon University, followed by postdoctoral research at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. Her research focuses on the intersection of human-computer interaction, cognition, and education, emphasizing collaborative learning and educational technology design from both learner and instructor perspectives. Education: PhD in Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University MS in Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University BS in Cognitive Science, Carnegie Mellon University Research Interests: Dr. Olsen explores how collaboration supports learning, designs technologies to enhance educational practices, and investigates gaze-based metrics for understanding collaborative problem-solving. Her work spans gamified robotics, AI-driven orchestration systems, and virtual reality applications in vocational training. She emphasizes learner-centered design and the integration of social robots and virtual agents in pedagogical settings. Grants/Advising: While no specific grants or advisees are listed, her prolific publication record indicates active involvement in educational technology research and development. Her work addresses challenges in classroom orchestration, multimodal data analysis, and accessibility in educational robotics. Labs/Teams: Collaborates with interdisciplinary teams focused on educational technology, human-robot interaction, and adaptive learning systems. Her research leverages tools like FROG orchestration graphs and eye-tracking technologies to develop practical classroom solutions.
Adrian Weller is a prominent researcher and academic at the University of Cambridge, serving as a Director of Research in Machine Learning within the Department of Engineering. He holds multiple significant leadership roles including Programme Director for Trust and Society at the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (CFI), and previously served as Programme Director for AI at The Alan Turing Institute, the UK national institute for data science and AI. His work bridges theoretical machine learning research with practical applications and societal implications of artificial intelligence. Weller's research interests span a broad spectrum of AI and machine learning topics with a particular focus on ensuring beneficial societal outcomes. His work encompasses explainability, fairness, robustness, scalability, privacy, safety, and ethics in AI systems. He has made significant contributions to trustworthy machine learning, including developing frameworks for AI governance, certification, and human-AI collaboration. His research group actively investigates neuro-symbolic approaches, privacy-preserving techniques, and methods for improving the reliability and interpretability of AI systems. His recent publications demonstrate a strong trend toward addressing the practical challenges of deploying AI systems in real-world contexts, particularly focusing on certification frameworks, governance mechanisms, and human-centered approaches. His work spans theoretical advances in machine learning architectures while maintaining a strong connection to societal impact, with publications appearing in top venues across AI, machine learning, and interdisciplinary applications. Scientific Awards: MBE for services to digital innovation (2022 Queen's Birthday Honours) Turing AI Fellowship for Trustworthy Machine Learning Weller actively supervises a large group of PhD students and postdocs, with current students including Juyeon Heo, Yanzhi Chen, Katie Collins, Isaac Reid, Yichao Liang, Herbie Bradley, and Shoaib Siddiqui. His former students have gone on to positions at leading institutions including Google DeepMind, ETH Zurich, NYU, and MPI-IS Tübingen. He has served on numerous advisory boards including the Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, UNESCO's expert group on AI ethics, and the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council on AI. His research has been supported through his Turing AI Fellowship and various collaborative projects focused on safe and ethical AI development. Weller leads a vibrant research group focused on trustworthy machine learning, which actively organizes workshops and conferences including ICML 2024 (where he served as Program Chair), multiple workshops on responsible AI, and events through the ELLIS network. His group collaborates extensively across disciplines, working with researchers in computer science, social sciences, law, and policy to address the multifaceted challenges of developing beneficial AI systems.
David Williamson Shaffer is the Sears Bascom Professor of Learning Analytics and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Learning Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Department of Educational Psychology. He is also a Data Philosopher at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research. His work focuses on merging statistical and qualitative methods to model complex human collaboration. Shaffer holds an AB in History and East Asian Studies from Harvard University (1987), and MS/PhD in Media Arts and Sciences from MIT (1996/1998). Before academia, he was a teacher, curriculum developer, and game designer. His research emphasizes Quantitative Ethnography —a methodology combining big data analysis with cultural interpretation. Key contributions include Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) and over 250 publications, including influential books like How Computer Games Help Children Learn (2006) and Quantitative Ethnography (2017). Awardees of the EU Marie Curie Fellowship (2008) and Spencer Foundation Fellowship (2003), Shaffer's work has been presented globally at conferences like Learning Analytics & Knowledge and Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. His interdisciplinary approach bridges education, data science, and humanities, addressing challenges in authentic STEM experiences, collaborative learning analytics, and culturally responsive pedagogy.
Samuel J. Gershman is a Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, affiliated with both the Department of Psychology and the Center for Brain Science. He directs the Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (CCNLab), where he investigates how the brain acquires richly structured knowledge about the environment and uses this knowledge to guide adaptive behavior. Gershman received his B.A. in Neuroscience and Behavior from Columbia University in 2007 and his Ph.D. in Psychology and Neuroscience from Princeton University in 2013, followed by postdoctoral training in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT (2013-2015). His research spans computational neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and machine learning. His primary research interests include learning, memory, decision making, and computational neuroscience. Gershman's work integrates behavioral, neuroimaging, and computational techniques to understand cognitive processes. He has made significant contributions to understanding memory systems, reinforcement learning, and the computational principles underlying human cognition. Analysis of Gershman's recent publications reveals a strong focus on computational approaches to understanding cognitive processes, with particular emphasis on memory systems, decision-making mechanisms, and the intersection of artificial intelligence with cognitive neuroscience. His work often bridges theoretical computational models with empirical neuroscience data, exploring how the brain implements efficient cognitive algorithms. Gershman actively mentors graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, with current advisees working on diverse projects spanning computational modeling, neuroimaging, and behavioral experiments. His lab investigates topics ranging from dopamine signaling to social cognition using a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches. The CCNLab, which Gershman directs, brings together researchers from psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and related fields to explore the computational principles of cognition. The lab utilizes a range of methodologies including behavioral experiments, neuroimaging, computational modeling, and theoretical analysis to address fundamental questions about how the mind works.
Aniket (Niki) Kittur is a Professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science. His research focuses on AI-augmented cognition, exploring how humans and computational systems can partner to accelerate knowledge acquisition and innovation. With over 100 peer-reviewed publications and 17 best paper awards or honorable mentions, Dr. Kittur has established himself as a leader in human-computer interaction and social computing. Dr. Kittur's research spans multiple interconnected areas focused on enhancing human cognition through technology. His work on crowd-augmented cognition examines how crowds and computation can collectively enhance human intellect. In social computing, he investigates how sociotechnical architectures can motivate and coordinate large groups for complex tasks. His research in data visualization and sensemaking explores how people collect, organize, and make decisions with online information. Most recently, his work has shifted toward LLM-augmented cognition, investigating how humans and large language models can work together in partnership to achieve better decisions and greater creativity than either could alone. Dr. Kittur's publications reveal a consistent trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated human-AI collaboration systems. Early work focused on crowdsourcing complex tasks (CrowdForge, CrowdSynthesis), then evolved to knowledge acceleration systems (Knowledge Accelerator, Fuse), and has recently centered on LLM-integrated cognition (Selenite, InkSpire, BioSpark). His research consistently demonstrates practical impact, with systems influencing products used by millions and receiving coverage in major media outlets including Nature News, The Economist, and The Wall Street Journal. Kavli fellow NSF CAREER award recipient Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence Inductee into the CHI Academy 17 best paper awards or honorable mentions across his publications Dr. Kittur has advised numerous students, including Andrew Kuznetsov, and has secured major research funding from NSF, NIH, Google, Microsoft, Bosch, Toyota, and other organizations. His Skeema browser extension project, which addresses tab overload through innovative project-based organization, has shown remarkable user retention and represents a practical application of his research on knowledge acceleration. His work with industry partners has influenced products used by millions, including Semantic Reader, Google Shopping, and Wikipedia features.
Oscar Westlund serves as Professor at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies within the Faculty of Social Sciences at Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), where he co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group. He maintains a secondary appointment at the University of Gothenburg and acts as Editor-in-Chief of Digital Journalism . His research spans digital journalism, fact-checking, platform dynamics, media management, news consumption, and mobile media. Westlund's scholarly focus centers on journalism safety in digital environments, sociotechnical dimensions of misinformation combat, and platform-induced challenges for news organizations. His work examines professional fragilities of journalists, epistemological foundations of data journalism, and legitimacy paradoxes in public service media-platform relationships. Current projects address disinformation countermeasures through the SCAM initiative (Source Criticism And Mediated Disinformation). Analysis of his 2022-2024 publications reveals dominant themes: journalism safety frameworks (33%), platform-journalism tensions (27%), and fact-checking as sociotechnical practice (23%). Key methodological approaches include cross-national comparative studies, epistemological analysis, and practice theory applied to digital news production. Westlund actively contributes to academic discourse through editorial leadership at Digital Journalism and special issue guest editing. His research group coordinates interdisciplinary collaboration on digital journalism studies, while the SCAM project develops practical methodologies for disinformation detection in democratic contexts. Recent work demonstrates increasing emphasis on mobile news ecosystems and journalist safety cultures. He co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group, which investigates platform impacts on news production, mobile journalism evolution, and epistemological shifts in data-driven reporting. The group maintains strong international partnerships, particularly with Swedish institutions through his University of Gothenburg affiliation.
Alexandra Horowitz is a Senior Research Fellow and Adjunct Associate Professor at Barnard College. She has been teaching since 2004, specializing in dog cognition and olfactory research. Her academic roles span the Departments of English and Psychology, reflecting her interdisciplinary focus on animal behavior and human-animal interactions. Education: M.S. and Ph.D. in Cognitive Science from UC San Diego; B.A. in Philosophy from the University of Pennsylvania. Research interests include naturalistic observations of dog social play, testing anthropomorphic assumptions, and characterizing canine olfactory abilities. She has authored influential books like Inside of a Dog and Being a Dog , exploring how dogs perceive the world. Her work frequently appears in top journals and media outlets, including the New York Times and TED-Ed. Recent articles highlight studies on dog navigation, play behavior, and olfactory perception. She has been recognized as among the Top 2% of Cited Authors globally. Her presentations and lectures span academic conferences, museums, and public forums, emphasizing science communication.
Shanique Brown serves as Assistant Professor of Management at the Zicklin School of Business, City University of New York (CUNY), where she investigates cognitive processes impacting organizational team dynamics and decision-making. Her research bridges industrial-organizational psychology with practical applications in extreme environments. Her academic foundation includes: Ph.D. in Industrial-Organizational Psychology from DePaul University M.A. in Industrial-Organizational Psychology from Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville B.Sc. in Psychology from the University of the West Indies Dr. Brown's research centers on decision-making mechanisms and team cognition within organizational contexts, with specialized focus on extreme environments like space missions. She examines how cognitive styles, working memory, and team composition influence performance in isolated, confined, and high-stakes settings. Her work integrates psychological theory with actionable frameworks for optimizing team effectiveness across virtual and physical workspaces. Analysis of her publication history reveals evolving expertise in team science, particularly regarding virtual team leadership, polycultural organizations, and NASA-relevant analog research. Recent work emphasizes selection-optimization-compensation models for team performance and psychosocial factors in extreme environments, demonstrating consistent contribution to organizational psychology literature. Her scientific recognition includes: Editorial Fellowship from Group Dynamics (2022) Wayne State University Faculty Accessibility Fellowship (2022) Teaching Innovation Development Excellence Award (2020) Faculty Teaching Award (2020) University Research Grant (2019) Robert A. Daugherty Memorial Award (2011) Dr. Brown actively collaborates on NASA-funded research through the Human Research Program, developing crew composition models for long-duration space missions. She serves on Baruch College's PhD Admissions and Interdisciplinary Business Major committees while maintaining leadership roles in the Society of Industrial-Organizational Psychology, including Task Force Chair and Conference Committee positions. Her grant work focuses on translating team dynamics research into operational frameworks for extreme environments. She leads interdisciplinary collaborations with NASA researchers and international scholars on projects including virtual escape room studies for team performance assessment and CREWS (Crew Recommender for Effective Work in Space) development, demonstrating commitment to solving real-world team challenges in high-consequence settings.
Brenden Lake is an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Psychology at Princeton University, starting Fall 2025. Previously, he was an Associate Professor of Psychology and Data Science at New York University. He is the principal investigator of the lab for Human & Machine Intelligence, which moved from NYU to Princeton in 2025 and is jointly affiliated with the Department of Computer Science and the Department of Psychology. His lab is located in Princeton's Peretsman Scully Hall, rooms 117, 120, and 121. Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014 Lake's research focuses on the intersection of human and machine intelligence, specifically examining human cognitive abilities that elude current AI systems. His work centers on few-shot learning of new concepts, learning by generating new goals, learning by asking questions, and learning by producing novel combinations of known components. He employs modern neural network modeling approaches including meta-learning, fine-tuning LLMs, neuro-symbolic modeling, and learning from child headcam videos. His research aims to advance both psychology and computer science by exploring what makes human intelligence unique and using those insights to develop more powerful AI systems. Lake's recent publications demonstrate significant trends in grounded language acquisition through child perspectives, systematic generalization in neural networks, and the intersection of developmental psychology with AI. His work has appeared in top-tier venues including Science (2024) and Nature (2023), with multiple publications exploring how insights from human cognition can improve machine learning systems. His research shows how incorporating human cognitive ingredients can make AI systems more powerful and human-like while addressing longstanding debates about neural network capabilities. Science publication (2024) on Grounded language acquisition through the eyes and ears of a single child Nature publication (2023) on Human-like systematic generalization through a meta-learning neural network Multiple publications covered by major media outlets including New York Times and Washington Post Lake advises Ph.D. students in computer science, psychology, and related fields through his lab. His research is supported by publications in top venues across computer science and cognitive science. He teaches courses including Computational Cognitive Modeling and Advancing AI through Cognitive Science, bridging the theoretical and practical aspects of his research. Lake leads the lab for Human & Machine Intelligence, which studies the ingredients of intelligence in humans and machines. The lab investigates human cognitive abilities that current AI systems cannot replicate, with the dual goal of advancing psychological understanding of human intelligence while developing more capable artificial intelligence systems. Current research focuses on few-shot concept learning, learning through goal generation, and learning by asking questions.
Hillard von Thiessen is a full Professor of Early Modern History at the Historisches Institut of Universität Rostock, where he has held the chair since Summer Semester 2013. He served as Dean of the Philosophischen Fakultät from Winter Semester 2018/19 to Summer Semester 2022 and was previously acting chair at Universität zu Köln (2007-2012) and Universität Rostock (2012-2013). Currently, he is also a Fellow at the Käte-Hamburger-Kolleg "Einheit und Vielfalt im Recht" at the University of Münster. Professor von Thiessen completed his Magister Artium in 1995 at Freiburg with a thesis on witch hunts in Freiburg (1632-1677), for which he received the Waldseemüllerpreis in 1997. He earned his doctorate in 2001 with research on Capuchin friars as a reform order between confessionalization and everyday culture. In 2007, he completed his habilitation at the University of Bern with a study on cross-border patronage and diplomacy between Spain and the Papal States during Pope Paul V's pontificate (1605-1621). His research focuses on European Early Modern History, particularly international relations, norm competition, corruption and patronage cultures in the pre-modern era, religiosity, and the political culture of Habsburg Spain. His work often employs actor-centered perspectives to examine how individuals navigated complex normative frameworks during the Early Modern period. Recent publications demonstrate his interest in ambiguity as a historical phenomenon and how societies managed competing values and norms. His scholarly output reveals a consistent trajectory examining power structures, diplomatic networks, and cultural frameworks in Early Modern Europe, with particular attention to the intersection of religious, political, and social norms. The publications show increasing sophistication in analyzing how ambiguity functioned as a productive force rather than merely a problem to be solved in Early Modern governance and social relations. Waldseemüllerpreis der Universität Freiburg (1997) Professor von Thiessen has supervised numerous doctoral candidates through his habilitation and professorial positions, though specific student names aren't listed in the available documentation. His research has been supported by prestigious grants including the Gerda-Henkel-Stiftung post-doc fellowship, THEORIA Kurt von Fritz Science Program funding from the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Ministry, and Swiss National Science Foundation support for collaborative research projects. His current research activities are centered at the Historisches Institut of Universität Rostock, with additional collaborative work through the Käte-Hamburger-Kolleg at the University of Münster, where he explores legal frameworks and norm competition in historical perspective. His ongoing monograph project "Das Zeitalter der Ambiguität" represents a significant contribution to understanding how Early Modern societies managed conflicting norms and values.
Diane E. Austin is a Professor and Director of the School of Anthropology at the University of Arizona. She also serves as a Research Anthropologist at the Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (BARA). Her work focuses on environmental anthropology, particularly community dynamics in industrial and environmental contexts, with a strong emphasis on social justice and collaborative research. She has over 25 years of experience leading interdisciplinary projects in the U.S., Mexico, and Gulf Coast regions. Austin's research spans diverse areas including Native American communities, U.S.-Mexico border sustainability, Gulf Coast oil industry impacts, and urban food systems in arid regions. She has pioneered long-term partnerships with tribal organizations, federal agencies, and community groups, earning recognition such as the University Distinguished Outreach Professor (2008) and Distinguished Director (2023). Her recent work highlights longitudinal studies on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill's social effects, binational environmental initiatives in Nogales, and community-based approaches to disaster resilience. She coordinates BARA's internship and post-baccalaureate programs, supporting hundreds of students in applied anthropological research. Awards: Partners in Conservation Award (2010), Border Research Partnership Award Finalist (2012) Leadership Roles: Chair of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board, Member of the Gulf Research Program Advisory Board Key Projects: Southern Paiute cultural preservation, Gulf Coast oil industry studies, Nogales reforestation initiatives Austin’s teaching includes courses on ethnographic methods, data analysis, and mixed-methods research. She actively engages in policy advocacy, contributing expert testimony in legal proceedings related to environmental disasters and labor rights.
Peter Henderson is an Assistant Professor at Princeton University with joint appointments in the Department of Computer Science and the School of Public and International Affairs. He is affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy (CITP), Princeton Language and Intelligence Initiative (PLI), Center for Statistics and Machine Learning (CSML), and Program in Law & Public Policy (PLAW). J.D./Ph.D., Stanford University, 2023 M.Sc., McGill University and Montréal Institute for Learning Algorithms Henderson's research focuses on the critical intersection of artificial intelligence and law, with particular emphasis on AI safety, methods to improve reasoning in foundation models, interdisciplinary approaches to law and AI, and AI governance. His work spans language-grounded reinforcement learning, alignment techniques, strategic decision-making in legal contexts, and public interest artificial intelligence. He investigates how legal frameworks can guide the development of AI systems that benefit society while addressing potential harms. Henderson's recent publications reveal a strong trajectory toward addressing the safety, governance, and legal implications of foundation models. His work combines rigorous technical AI research with deep legal analysis, particularly examining how intellectual property law interacts with AI development, regulatory pathways that balance innovation with harm prevention, and the role of law in shaping responsible AI deployment. A significant thread throughout his research is the development of better evaluation methodologies for AI systems, especially in critical domains like law. SEAS Excellence in Teaching Award (2025) Henderson leads the Princeton Law+Language, AI, & Society (POLARIS) Lab, where he advises students and researchers working at the intersection of AI and legal studies. His research has been supported through collaborations with government agencies, including work with the IRS on audit selection algorithms. His findings have informed practical applications in government efficiency and equity, as well as legal system improvements. Henderson runs the POLARIS Lab at Princeton, which focuses on developing AI systems that work for the public interest, particularly in legal contexts. His team develops sequential decision-making systems for government efficiency, foundation models capable of reasoning about law, and improved safety evaluation frameworks for AI systems. The lab maintains strong connections with legal practitioners and policymakers to ensure research has real-world impact.
Steven I-Jy Chien serves as Professor and Director of the Transportation Program within the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). His career spans academia, government, and industry with significant contributions to transportation engineering research and practice. His educational credentials include: Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from University of Maryland-College Park (1995) M.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from University of Maryland-College Park (1991) B.S. in Civil Engineering from Tamkang University (1983) Professor Chien's research focuses on transportation system resilience, sustainable transit operations, and advanced traffic modeling. His work addresses critical challenges in urban rail networks, demand-responsive transit services, and energy-efficient transportation systems. He employs sophisticated computational methods including genetic algorithms, machine learning, and Bayesian approaches to solve complex transportation problems involving network vulnerability, passenger behavior, and infrastructure optimization under uncertainty. Analysis of his recent publications reveals strong emphasis on transportation resilience against cascading failures, sustainable operations for electric transit systems, and pandemic-responsive aviation scheduling. His research spans diverse geographic contexts including major Chinese metropolitan areas and U.S. transportation networks, demonstrating global applicability of his methodologies. His professional recognition includes: 2024 Keynote Speaker at Union-Tech Lecture, National Taiwan Ocean University 2022 Keynote Speaker at International Conference of Chinese Institute of Transportation 2022 Best Poster Award from New Jersey Department of Transportation Professor Chien has secured research funding from federal agencies including the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) where he contributed to CORSIM traffic simulation software development. His industry experience with China Engineering Consultants Inc. and Information Dynamic Inc. informs his practical approach to transportation challenges. As Transportation Program Director, he oversees curriculum development and industry partnerships that prepare students for transportation sector careers. He maintains active collaboration with transportation agencies globally, particularly through his leadership in the Transportation Program at NJIT which serves as a hub for innovation in urban mobility solutions.
Dr. Bisan Alsalibi is a Lecturer at the School of Information Technology, Monash University (Malaysia campus). She holds a PhD (2017) and MSc (2013) in computer science from Universiti Sains Malaysia, specializing in Artificial Intelligence. Previously, she served as Senior Lecturer at Taylor's University (2022–2023) and Teaching Fellow at Universiti Sains Malaysia (2018–2020). Education: PhD in Computer Vision and Optimization (2014–2017), Universiti Sains Malaysia MSc in Artificial Intelligence (2011–2013), Universiti Sains Malaysia Research focuses on AI-driven solutions in feature selection, bio-inspired optimization techniques, and computer vision applications. Her work bridges membrane computing and real-world problem-solving, including privacy-preserving recommender systems for social networks. She currently supervises PhD students exploring bio-inspired algorithms for complex challenges. Advising & Grants: Acknowledged PhD project areas: Bio-inspired optimization techniques and evolutionary machine learning
