جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Mohamed Youssefمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Propulsion Systems
• Power Electronics
• Railway Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Mohamed Youssef is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering at Ontario Tech University. He holds a PhD (Electrical and Computer Engineering) from Queen’s University (2005). His primary affiliation is the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, with research focusing on propulsion systems, power electronics, railway systems, and renewable energy technologies. Education: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University (2005) MSc, Power Electronics, Concordia University (2001) MSc, Electric Power and Machines, Ain Shams University (1999) BSc, Electric Power and Machines, Ain Shams University (1995) Research Interests: Dr. Youssef’s expertise spans propulsion systems for automotive and hyperloop technologies , power electronics for IoT and renewable energy , railway electromagnetic compatibility , and power system stability . His work emphasizes practical applications in electric vehicles, smart grid integration, and sustainable energy systems. He leads the PEDAL (Power Electronics and Drives Laboratory) at Ontario Tech. Awards and Recognition: Recipient of the NSERC Post-doctorate Scholarship (2006) Best Paper Award at IECON 2004 Award of Merit from Ontario Center of Excellence (2006) Nominated for the Howard Alper Prize (2007) Professional Activities: He serves as a reviewer for IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics , and others. He has held roles as Technical Chair at IEEE SEGE 2015 and Track Chair at IEEE SEGE 2016. Current affiliations include Senior Member of IEEE and Chair of the IEEE Power Electronics Chapter in Toronto. Labs and Teams: He directs the PEDAL Lab , focusing on advanced power electronics and electric vehicle technologies. Collaborations include Bombardier Transportation and Armstrong Pumps.

Christoph Müllerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Energy Science and Engineering
• Heterogeneous Catalysis
• CO₂ Capture and Conversion
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Christoph Müller is a Full Professor of Energy Science and Engineering at ETH Zürich's Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering. He leads the Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering, focusing on sustainable energy generation, heterogeneous catalysis, and granular systems. His research integrates experimental methods like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) with mathematical modeling to address industrial energy challenges. Education: Dipl.-Ing. from Technical University of Munich (2004), PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cambridge (2008). Notable awards include the Danckwerts-Pergamon Prize (2009) and DAAD Scholarship (2005). He teaches courses such as Thermodynamics I and Thermo- and Fluid Dynamics. Research interests span CO₂ capture via chemical looping, catalytic hydrogenation, and granular flow dynamics. Recent work explores catalyst design for propane dehydrogenation, MXene-based ammonia synthesis, and MgO-based CO₂ sorbents. His lab employs advanced techniques like operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study catalyst behavior under reaction conditions. Key achievements include developing stable PtGa propane dehydrogenation catalysts and advancing understanding of Na₂CO₃-promoted CO₂ sorbents. His work on fluidized bed hydrodynamics via MRI contributes to reactor design optimization. Müller's interdisciplinary approach bridges fundamental science and industrial application, addressing global energy sustainability challenges.

Jianjun Shiمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Manufacturing Systems
• Quality Control
• Cyber-Physical Systems
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Jianjun (Jan) Shi is the Carolyn J. Stewart Chair and Professor at the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISyE) and holds a joint appointment with the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology. He previously served as the G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Chair Professor of Engineering at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on system informatics and control for manufacturing and service systems, with notable contributions to quality improvement, cyber-physical systems, and data-driven methodologies. B.S. & M.S. in Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology (1984–1987) Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan (1992) Dr. Shi’s research interests include process modeling, control systems, and quality engineering. He pioneered methodologies for in-process quality improvement and developed advanced frameworks for high-dimensional data analysis in manufacturing. His work integrates statistical methods, machine learning, and system informatics to enhance operational efficiency and product quality. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers and secured $19 million+ in research grants from NSF, DOE, and industry partners. His lab, the System Informatics and Control Group, collaborates with automotive, aerospace, and pharmaceutical sectors. Shi leads initiatives such as the Quality Science Center at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and serves on editorial boards of journals like IIE Transactions and ASME Transactions . Recipient of the IIE Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Educator Award (2011) Fellow of INFORMS, ASME, and IIE Academician of the International Academy for Quality Shi advises 26 Ph.D. graduates, many of whom hold faculty positions or leadership roles in industry. His research group’s innovations have been implemented in global manufacturing systems, yielding significant economic impacts. Current work includes 4D printing, cyber-physical system resilience, and federated learning for industrial data.

Mesut Baranمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Power Systems
• Smart Grid Technology
• Distributed Energy Resources
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Mesut Baran is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State University. He focuses on applying computer, control, and system analysis techniques to power system operation and planning, particularly in smart power distribution systems and distributed energy resource integration. His research emphasizes grid resilience, renewable energy integration, and advanced grid technologies. Education: Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (1988) Master's in Electrical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Turkey (1981) Bachelor's in Electrical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Turkey (1979) Research interests include power electronics, smart grid technologies, distributed energy resource management, and grid resilience. His recent work addresses challenges in EV charging impacts, fault tolerance, and microgrid coordination. Baran has contributed to IEEE standards and received prestigious awards, including the IEEE Fellow designation (2010) and the William F. Lane Outstanding Teaching Award (2017). Publications highlight advancements in distribution system state estimation, fault mitigation, and microgrid management. Collaborations with industry (e.g., Strata Solar) and federal grants ($3.1M DOE award) underscore his applied research impact. He teaches foundational courses like ECE200 and advises on FREEDM Systems Center projects.

Zeljko Panticمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Electrified Transportation
• Power Converters Design and Control
• Wireless Power Transfer Systems
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Zeljko Pantic is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State University. He holds a Ph.D. from NC State (2013) and B.S./M.S. degrees from the University of Belgrade (1998/2007). Before joining NC State in 2019, he served as an Assistant Professor and Associate Director of the Electric Vehicle and Roadway Research Facility at Utah State University. He is actively involved in editorial roles for IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification and serves on the IEEE IAS Transportation Systems Committee. Education: Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, North Carolina State University (2013) M.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade (2007) B.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade (1998) Research: Dr. Pantic specializes in electrified transportation systems, wireless power transfer (WPT), power converter design, and DC microgrid technologies. His work addresses challenges in EV charging infrastructure, magnetic circuit optimization, and energy conversion principles for transportation electrification. Recent projects include autonomous wireless charging systems for UAVs, marine DC microgrids, and road-embedded DWPT solutions. Awards & Recognition: 2019 IEEE JESTPE Second Prize Paper Award 2017 Outstanding Teacher of the Year (USU) 2012 NC State Mentored Teaching Assistantship Award Advisees & Grants: While specific student names are not listed, Dr. Pantic has advised graduate students on projects spanning WPT systems, EV infrastructure, and battery management. His work has been supported by grants focusing on dynamic charging, magnetic materials, and autonomous observatory nodes. Labs & Facilities: He leads research at NC State's Electric Vehicle and Roadway facility, focusing on roadway-integrated wireless charging and high-power WPT systems. Collaborations include ocean observatory development and autonomous system integration.

Cynthia Sungمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Computational Robotics
• Origami Robotics
• Soft Robotics
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Cynthia Sung is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics department at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science, with secondary appointments in Computer and Information Science and Electrical and Systems Engineering. She directs the Sung Robotics Lab, focusing on computational methods for robot design, origami robotics, planning for distributed systems, and fabrication of reconfigurable systems. Her lab is funded by NSF, ONR, ARO, NASA, and Penn Health-Tech. Her research spans four key areas: Computational co-design integrating mechanical, electronic, and software components Soft/origami robotics leveraging compliance for adaptable systems Distributed planning for multi-robot coordination Novel fabrication techniques for deployable structures Publications show consistent focus on robotic mechanisms with recent trends in magnetic origami reconfiguration (2025), underwater jet coordination (2025), educational robotics kits (2025), and tunable-stiffness actuators (2024). Article keywords predominantly fall in Robotics, Material Science, and Control Systems. Awards & Recognition ONR Young Investigator Award (2023) NSF CAREER Award (2019) Johnson & Johnson Women in STEM2D Scholars Award (2020) Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Award (2017) Research Teams & Advising Leads the GRASP Lab-affiliated Sung Robotics group. Current doctoral students include Zhiyuan Yang (jet propulsion), Daniel Feshbach (kinematic design), and Gabriel Unger (reconfigurable structures). Recent graduates include Yipeng Zhang (MSc, SALP robotics) and Christopher Kim (PhD, self-sensing actuators).

Ali Bilginمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Signal Processing
• Image Processing
• Image and Video Coding
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Ali Bilgin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Arizona's College of Engineering. He also holds associate professor appointments in Biomedical Engineering, the BIO5 Institute, and Medical Imaging, and is a member of the Graduate Faculty. His work bridges engineering and medical applications, particularly in signal and image processing. His educational background includes: PhD in Electrical Engineering, University of Arizona, 2002 MS in Electrical Engineering, San Diego State University, 1995 BS in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 1992 Dr. Bilgin's research focuses on signal and image processing , with key applications in image and video coding, data compression, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . His work integrates theoretical advances with practical biomedical applications. Teaching interests include digital signal processing, linear algebra, probability theory, and machine learning in image processing. With over 250 research papers and 13 granted patents, his scholarly output reflects sustained contributions to engineering and imaging sciences. Though specific articles are not listed, his editorial roles and publication volume indicate leadership in signal and image processing domains, particularly in compression and medical imaging. His scientific recognition includes multiple teaching awards from the UA College of Engineering, notably being named Most Supportive Senior Faculty . Most Supportive Senior Faculty, UA College of Engineering Dr. Bilgin has served as an associate editor for several top IEEE journals, including IEEE Signal Processing Letters (2010–2012), IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (until 2014), and IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging (2014–2019), reflecting his standing in the academic community. While no specific grants or students are listed, his extensive publication record and interdisciplinary affiliations suggest active mentorship and funded research. He is affiliated with the BIO5 Institute, indicating participation in collaborative, interdisciplinary research teams focused on health and bioscience innovation.

Daniel C. Ludoisمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Power Electronics
• Wireless Power Transfer
• Electrostatic Machines
• +۱۳ مورد دیگر

Daniel C. Ludois is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, College of Engineering, where he also serves as the Research & Innovation Director for the Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium (WEMPEC). He holds the distinguished title of Jim and Anne Sorden Professor and is an H.I. Romnes Faculty Fellow, reflecting his leadership in research and education. Dr. Ludois earned his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from UW–Madison in 2012 and a B.S. in Physics from Bradley University in 2006. His research focuses on advancing power conversion technologies, particularly through electrostatic machines, capacitive wireless power transfer, wound field synchronous machines, and integrated power electronics. He teaches core courses such as ECE 411 (Introduction to Electric Drives), ECE 711 (Dynamics and Control of AC Drives), and ECE 713 (Electromagnetic Design of AC Machines). Power Electronics Wireless Power Transfer (Capacitive Coupling) Electrostatic Machines (Copper-Free, Steel-Free Motors) Sustainable Electric Machine Design High-Frequency and High-Voltage Power Conversion Brushless Excitation Systems Integration of Inductors and Capacitors His recent publications emphasize high-torque electrostatic machines using dielectric liquids, capacitive power transfer for aerial platforms and rotating machinery, and innovative inverter topologies. These works reflect a strong trend toward sustainable, high-performance electric machines that reduce reliance on rare-earth materials and traditional conductive components. Dr. Ludois has received numerous honors, including: NSF CAREER Award (2015) Moore Inventor Fellowship (2017) DOE InDEEP Competition Phase I & II Awards (2024) H.I. Romnes Faculty Fellow (2023) Vilas Faculty Early Career Investigator Award (2022) Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) Innovation Award (2012) He has mentored a highly entrepreneurial group of students, several of whom have founded startups such as H3X (Forbes 30 Under 30) and C-Motive Technologies, which he co-founded to commercialize electrostatic power conversion devices. His team has secured significant recognition, including multiple Grainger Power Engineering Fellowships and IEEE best paper awards. Dr. Ludois leads a vibrant research lab focused on next-generation power systems, with funding from federal agencies and industry partners, driving innovation in electric transportation, renewable energy, and industrial automation.

Karen Bandeen-Rocheمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Biostatistics
• Gerontology
• Aging
• +۱۴ مورد دیگر

Karen Bandeen-Roche is a Professor and the Hurley-Dorrier Professor and Chair of the Department of Biostatistics at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, with joint affiliations in the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing. She is a leading expert in biostatistical methodology, particularly in latent variable models, longitudinal analysis, and multivariate survival methods applied to aging and gerontology. Her research focuses on developing statistical models for unobservable processes such as frailty, resilience, and functional status in older adults. She has made significant contributions to the measurement of aging-related constructs and has extensive collaborative work in ophthalmology and neurology. Her methodological work includes mixture models, measurement error correction, and latent class modeling. The recent publications highlight a strong trend in gerontological biostatistics, with a focus on frailty, dementia risk, resilience, and multisystem physiological responses in aging. Her work integrates complex data from observational cohorts and clinical studies, often employing innovative latent variable frameworks to address measurement challenges in health outcomes. Scientific Awards and Honors: Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science (2016) Fellow of the American Statistical Association (2001) Brookdale National Fellow (1997) Golden Apple Award for Excellence in Teaching (2010) Garland Clay Award (1999) Chair, NIH BMRD Study Section (2006–2008) President, Eastern North American Region, International Biometric Society (2011–2013) Executive Board, International Biometric Society (2015–2022) Board of Directors, National Institute of Statistical Sciences (2020–2023) Karen Bandeen-Roche has been deeply involved in advising and training the next generation of researchers. She co-directs a training program in Biostatistics and Epidemiology of Aging and has received multiple teaching and mentoring awards. She has served on numerous academic committees, including appointments and promotions, faculty senate, and ethics committees at Johns Hopkins. Her grants and collaborative research span aging, dementia, ophthalmology, and cardiovascular health, often supported by NIH and other federal agencies. She leads the Center on Aging and Health and is actively involved in interdisciplinary research initiatives that bridge biostatistics, medicine, and public health. Her lab and research team focus on developing and applying advanced statistical methods to understand the biological and social determinants of healthy aging.

Xihui Liuمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Computer Vision
• Generative Models
• Multimodal AI
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Xihui Liu is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) and Institute of Data Science (IDS), The University of Hong Kong, with a courtesy appointment in the Department of Computer Science. She holds a PhD from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and a bachelor’s from Tsinghua University. Her research focuses on generative models, multimodal AI, computer vision, and their applications in embodied AI and AI for Science. Education: PhD in Multimedia Lab (MMLab), Chinese University of Hong Kong (2017–2021) Bachelor’s in Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University (2013–2017) Research Interests: Generative models for 3D content and multimodal systems Embodied AI and vision-language integration Applications in scientific domains Awards: Adobe Research Fellowship (2020) Rising Stars in EECS (2021) WAIC Rising Stars Award (2022) Her work emphasizes interactive generative systems and benchmarks like T2I-CompBench. She co-organized workshops on multimodal foundation models and embodied AI, and currently serves as Area Chair for CVPR, NeurIPS, and ICLR.

• Microfluidics
• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Klas Hjort is a Professor of Materials Science at Uppsala University's Ångström Laboratory , specializing in Microsystems Technology . He leads the microsystems technology program and has pioneered research in heterogeneous microsystems on stainless steel, flexible foils, and elastic substrates for biomedical applications and wireless sensor/actuator systems . Key projects: SSF robotic textiles , PERSIMMON smart patches Research themes: Microfluidic actuation , Liquid metal patterning , Stretchable electronics His recent publications focus on soft robotics , smart patches , and high-pressure microfluidic systems , with keywords spanning Microfluidics , Biomedical Engineering , and Stretchable Electronics . He collaborates extensively in robotic textiles , microvalve design , and liquid metal composites . Contact: klas.hjort@angstrom.uu.se

Eddie C. Redمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Computational Physics
• Quantum Mechanics
• Atomic Physics
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Eddie C. Red is an Associate Professor of Mathematics and Computational Sciences at Morehouse College , where he currently serves as the Interim Dean of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Division. He earned his B.S. from Morehouse College (class of 2000) , followed by his M.S. and Ph.D. from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University . Dr. Red also completed post-doctoral education at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . Interim Dean, STEM Division Former Chair, Mathematics and Computational Science Division Former Chair, Physics & Dual-Degree Engineering Department Dr. Red’s research interests bridge atomic physics, quantum mechanics, and computational modeling , with a focus on: Photoionization cross-sections Bound states in the continuum Velocity map imaging techniques Mathematical formulations for quantum operators His work has resulted in publications in Physical Review A, Communications Physics, and the Journal of Physics B , alongside numerous conference presentations. Dr. Red has led the NuMaSS (Nuclear, Materials, and Space Science) Summer Enrichment Program for K-12 students and directed the Research Experience with Diversification Laboratory , emphasizing student training and research. Scientific awards include: Principal Investigator for Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration awards Dr. Red has served on multiple faculty governance committees, including the Admissions Committee , Faculty Grievance Committee , and Faculty Research Committee .

Lisa Willsمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Computer Architecture
• Hardware Acceleration
• Hardware-Software Co-Design
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Lisa Wills serves as Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Duke University's Trinity College of Arts & Sciences and holds a joint appointment in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Pratt School of Engineering since 2019. Her research bridges computer architecture and domain-specific applications, with a focus on hardware acceleration for computationally intensive fields. Dr. Wills earned her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 2014. Her academic journey reflects a deep commitment to advancing hardware-software co-design methodologies for real-world computational challenges. Her research centers on developing efficient hardware accelerators for big data analytics, particularly in genomics, graph processing, and database systems. She pioneers frameworks that simplify accelerator deployment while tackling critical bottlenecks in genomic data analysis, protein structure prediction, and privacy-preserving computing. Current work focuses on hardware-aware machine learning systems and energy-efficient architectures for emerging AI applications. Analysis of her publication record reveals a clear trajectory: from foundational work in database processing units (2014-2016) to specialized genomic accelerators (2019-2021), then evolving toward ML-enhanced design automation (2022-2023) and cutting-edge architectural abstractions (2024-2025). Her research consistently targets the intersection of hardware efficiency and domain-specific computational demands, with increasing emphasis on AI/ML workloads. Google ML and Systems Junior Faculty Award (2025) Dr. Wills actively mentors doctoral students including Chris Kjellqvist (lead architect of Beethoven accelerator framework), Mason Ma (PyTFHE FHE framework), and Mansi Choudhary (COCOSSim accelerator simulator). Her research is supported by significant grants including the NSF AI Institute: Athena ($20M, 2021-2027), Meta-funded ProSE accelerator project (2023-2026), and NSF CAREER award (2021-2026), totaling over $25M in active funding. She directs the APEX Lab (Application-driven Programmable Efficient Accelerated Systems), which develops open-source frameworks like Beethoven for FPGA/ASIC accelerator deployment and focuses on lowering barriers for non-hardware researchers to leverage custom acceleration in genomics, AI, and big data applications.

David Zhigang Panمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Electronic Design Automation
• Machine Learning
• Hardware Acceleration
• +۵ مورد دیگر

David Zhigang Pan is a Professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. He also holds the Silicon Laboratories Endowed Chair. Prior to joining UT Austin, he was a Research Staff Member at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center from 2000 to 2003. His academic journey began with a B.S. from Peking University, followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from UCLA. Research Areas: Electronic Design Automation (EDA), Machine Learning Hardware, FPGA Prototyping, Optical Computing, Hardware Security, and CAD for Emerging Technologies Academic Timeline: Assistant Professor (2003-2008), Associate Professor (2008-2013), Full Professor (2013-present) His research focuses on design automation for mixed-signal circuits , GPU-accelerated EDA tools , and hardware-software co-design for AI . Recent work explores FFT-based optical neural networks and deobfuscation techniques for integrated circuits , reflecting his interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of machine learning , computer architecture , and semiconductor manufacturing . Key publication trends reveal expertise in: VLSI design , lithography optimization , and deep learning applications for EDA tools. His work has been recognized with multiple Best Paper Awards at top conferences including DAC , ASP-DAC , and HOST . Awards: IEEE Fellow (2014), SPIE Fellow (2017), ACM SRC Graduate Category Honors for students Patents: 8 U.S. Patents in electronic design and hardware optimization Prof. Pan has mentored 40 PhDs and postdocs who now hold key positions in academia and industry. He leads research initiatives involving GPU acceleration frameworks and optical computing architectures . His lab focuses on vertical integration of architecture, CAD tools, and fabrication technologies for next-generation hardware solutions.

• Genome Integrity
• Structural Molecular Biology
• CRISPR-Cas Systems
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Guillermo Montoya is a Research Director and Group Leader at the Protein Structure & Function Program of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. His work focuses on unraveling cellular mechanisms at the atomic level through advanced methodologies including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. PhD in Chemistry, University of Zaragoza (1989–1993) MSc in Biochemistry, University of the Basque Country (1984–1989) Montoya's research spans Structural Molecular Biology and Genome Integrity , with specific emphasis on: Activation mechanisms of oligomeric kinases CRISPR-Cas12a conformational dynamics Macromolecular complexes in telomere maintenance His publications reveal significant contributions to CRISPR-Cas systems , kinase activation , and DNA/RNA degradation mechanisms . Scientific Awards: EMBO Member (2018) Spanish National Prize in Biomedicine (2009) Multiple Fellowships (EMBO, Marie Curie, FEBS, Marie Curie) Montoya's group integrates structural biology with cell biology to address fundamental questions in genome stability and biomedical applications. His work has been cited over 188 times for studies on CRISPR-Cas endonucleases and has attracted attention from 41 patents.