Paola Cascante-Bonilla is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stony Brook University, with expertise in computer vision, natural language processing, and embodied AI. Her research focuses on developing systems for compositional reasoning, common-sense inference, and trustworthy AI using vision-language models, while addressing cultural bias and explainability challenges.
Jiajun Wu is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and, by courtesy, of Psychology at Stanford University. He holds multiple affiliations including membership in Bio-X, Faculty Affiliate status at the Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), and membership in both the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute. Dr. Wu earned his Ph.D. and S.M. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining Stanford. Dr. Wu's research program focuses on creating AI systems that understand and interact with the physical world through the integration of computer vision, machine learning, robotics, and cognitive science. His work emphasizes physics-based modeling combined with deep learning to develop systems capable of perceiving, reasoning about, and predicting physical interactions. Key research areas include 3D scene understanding, neurosymbolic AI approaches, multimodal perception (combining vision, sound, and language), and embodied intelligence for robotics applications. His lab develops novel frameworks that bridge the gap between neural networks and symbolic reasoning to create more interpretable and robust AI systems. Analysis of Dr. Wu's recent publications reveals a strong trajectory toward integrated multimodal understanding for embodied AI. His work increasingly combines vision, sound, and language processing with physical reasoning to create systems that can interact meaningfully with the physical world. There's a clear progression from foundational computer vision research toward practical robotics applications, with significant emphasis on foundation models for robotics, sim2real transfer techniques, and creating comprehensive datasets for embodied AI research. Dr. Wu's exceptional contributions have been recognized with numerous prestigious awards including the NSF CAREER award (2024), Young Investigator Programs from ONR (2024) and AFOSR (2023), the Okawa research grant (2024), and being named to IEEE Intelligent Systems' 'AI's 10 to Watch' (2024). He has received multiple best paper awards at leading conferences including ICRA (2024), SIGGRAPH Asia (2023), and CoRL (2023). Dr. Wu actively mentors a large cohort of students across multiple levels, serving as primary advisor for doctoral candidates, master's students, and numerous independent researchers. His research is supported by substantial funding from major technology companies including Google, Meta, Amazon, Samsung, and J.P. Morgan, as well as government agencies like NSF, ONR, and AFOSR, reflecting the significance and impact of his work in physical AI and multimodal perception systems. Dr. Wu leads a dynamic research group at Stanford that collaborates extensively with the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Institute for Human-Centered AI. Current projects include developing neurosymbolic models for computer graphics, creating multisensory datasets like OBJECTFOLDER 2.0 for sim2real transfer in robotics, and building foundation models for embodied intelligence that can understand and manipulate objects with human-like physical intuition.
Dima Damen is a Professor of Computer Vision at the School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, where she leads the Machine Learning and Computer Vision Group. She also serves as a Senior Research Scientist at Google DeepMind. As an EPSRC Early Career Fellow (2020-2025) and a Fellow of ELLIS for Europe, her research focuses on advancing computer vision, particularly in egocentric (first-person) vision, video understanding, and action recognition. Her educational background and professional journey have positioned her as a leader in the field of computer vision, with a particular emphasis on understanding human activities from wearable cameras. She has received numerous awards including Best Paper at ACCV 2024 and Outstanding Paper at ICASSP 2021. Professor Damen's research interests span multiple areas of computer vision and machine learning. She specializes in egocentric vision, where she has made significant contributions to understanding human activities from first-person perspectives. Her work explores video understanding, action recognition, hand-object interactions, and the development of vision-language models that can interpret and generate instructions from visual data. She has pioneered approaches to unique video captioning, long video understanding through active memory representations, and spatial reasoning from egocentric videos. Her research often bridges the gap between theoretical computer vision and practical applications in human-centered AI. Her recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on egocentric vision, with papers like "AMEGO: Active Memory from long EGOcentric videos" (ECCV 2024) and "HOI-Ref: Hand-Object Interaction Referral in Egocentric Vision" (2024) advancing the state of the art in understanding long-form first-person videos. She has also contributed to vision-language models with works like "ShowHowTo: Generating Scene-Conditioned Step-by-Step Visual Instructions" (CVPR 2025) and "It's Just Another Day: Unique Video Captioning by Discriminitave Prompting" (ACCV 2024, Best Paper). Her research shows a consistent trajectory toward building systems that can understand human activities in natural environments with human-like capabilities. Professor Damen has received significant recognition for her work, including: EPSRC Early Career Fellow (2020-2025) ELLIS Fellow for Europe (Nov 2024) Best Paper at ACCV 2024 Outstanding Paper at ICASSP 2021 (awarded to only 3 out of 1700 papers) Outstanding Reviewer for CVPR 2020 and 2021 Program Chair for ICCV 2021 She has successfully advised numerous PhD students and postdoctoral researchers, many of whom have gone on to prestigious positions in academia and industry. Her group has secured significant research funding including the EPSRC Programme Grant Visual AI and the EPSRC UMPIRE grant. She actively collaborates with industry partners including Google DeepMind, Adobe, and Meta, ensuring her research has practical impact. Professor Damen leads the Machine Learning and Computer Vision Group at the University of Bristol, which focuses on egocentric vision, video understanding, and the development of vision-language models. The group has created influential datasets like EPIC-KITCHENS, which has become a standard benchmark in egocentric vision research. Her team regularly participates in and organizes workshops at major computer vision conferences including CVPR, ICCV, and ECCV.
David J. Crandall is the Luddy Professor of Computer Science at Indiana University's Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering. He serves as Director of the Luddy Artificial Intelligence Center and leads the IU Computer Vision Lab. With joint appointments in Informatics, Cognitive Science, Data Science, and Statistics, his work spans computer vision, machine learning, and AI. He holds a Ph.D. from Cornell University and previously worked at Eastman Kodak Research Labs. His research focuses on developing statistical and machine learning methods to analyze visual information, including object recognition, human activity analysis in video, 3D reconstruction, social media mining, and computational studies of visual attention. Key applications include egocentric vision systems, social robotics for healthcare, and cross-disciplinary collaborations with developmental psychology. Recent publications demonstrate strong emphasis on egocentric video analysis (Ego4D), human-robot interaction (CHI/HRI), and explainable AI (IJCAI). Medical imaging, nanoscale security systems, and computational social science represent emerging interdisciplinary directions. His work consistently integrates deep learning with real-world applications in health, environmental monitoring, and cultural analytics. Tracy M. Sonneborn Award (2024) Distinguished Member of the ACM (2023) Luddy Professorship (2021) NSF CAREER Grant (2013) Trustees Teaching Award (2017) He has advised over 20 Ph.D. graduates, with current students working on computer vision, robotics, and AI ethics. Major grants include $20M for the NSF AI Institute on Engaged Learning, $4.4M for trusted AI research, and funding from NIH, Google, ONR, and NASA. He directs the Computer Vision Lab and collaborates with Selma Sabanović's robotics group on social agents for older adults.
Dr. Cesar Dario Cadena Lerma is a Lecturer at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering and a tenured Senior Scientist at the Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) at ETH Zurich. He leads the Perception, Mapping and Navigation team within the Robotics Systems Lab (RSL), co-founded and directs the ETH RobotX initiative focusing on educational robotics, and previously held roles at ETH Zurich's Autonomous Systems Lab, University of Adelaide, and George Mason University. His research focuses on robotics perception, particularly in SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), semantic scene understanding, and robust perception systems for dynamic environments. Education: PhD in Computer Science and System Engineering from the University of Zaragoza, followed by postdoctoral research at George Mason University and The University of Adelaide. Professional roles include managing director of ETH RobotX and leadership in multi-modal mapping frameworks like maplab 2.0. Research interests emphasize integrating perception and learning in robotics, with a focus on semantic mapping, data association, place recognition, and navigation in unstructured environments. His work bridges traditional SLAM techniques with modern deep learning approaches to create robust, modular systems. Key contributions include the PHASER registration algorithm, SCIM obstacle avoidance framework, and C-Blox dense mapping system. Awards include the Best Paper Award at the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics. His articles span topics like semantic pointcloud filtering, volumetric mapping, and embodied domain adaptation. He collaborates widely, with over 50 peer-reviewed publications in top venues such as IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters and International Journal of Robotics Research.
Dr. Iro Armeni is Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University, leading the Gradient Spaces research group. Her interdisciplinary research bridges architecture, civil engineering, and computer vision to develop data-driven methods for sustainable and adaptive built environments. Professor Armeni's work focuses on creating gradient environments that blend physical and digital realities through mixed reality technologies. She develops computational methods for 3D scene understanding, generative design, and adaptive spaces that respond to human needs. Her research integrates AI with architectural design to improve sustainability, inclusivity, and reusability of built spaces. Current projects include 3D scene graph representations, automated BIM modeling from visual data, and neuro-symbolic approaches for design optimization. She has developed tools like HoloLabel (AR semantic labeling) and SemSpray (VR annotation) for construction information management. Professor Armeni holds a PhD from Stanford University, supported by a Google PhD Fellowship, and completed postdoctoral research at ETH Zurich with an ETH Fellowship. She teaches courses on Computer Vision for the Built Environment and Mixed Reality applications.
Elena Simperl is a Professor of Computer Science and Deputy Head of Department for Enterprise and Engagement at King's College London's Department of Informatics. She co-directs the King's Institute for Artificial Intelligence and serves as Director of Research for the Open Data Institute. As a Hans Fischer Senior Fellow at the Technical University of Munich's Institute for Advanced Study, she leads the Trustworthy Knowledge Graphs focus group and contributes to advancing human-centric AI research across European institutions. Professor Simperl obtained her doctoral degree in Computer Science from the Free University of Berlin and her diploma from the Technical University of Munich. Prior to joining King's, she held academic positions in Germany, Austria, and at the University of Southampton, and was a Turing Fellow. Her career trajectory demonstrates consistent leadership in bridging academic research with practical applications in data ecosystems. Her research sits at the critical intersection of AI and social computing, focusing on human-centric approaches to building sociotechnical systems that integrate data, algorithms, and human capabilities. She investigates how to make knowledge engineering more accessible, how to leverage collective intelligence for data quality improvement, and how to design participatory AI systems that address societal challenges like misinformation. Her work spans knowledge graphs, semantic technologies, crowdsourcing, and open data, with particular emphasis on the social dimensions of data-intensive systems and the governance frameworks needed for trustworthy AI deployment. Analysis of her recent publications reveals a strong evolution toward integrating large language models with traditional knowledge engineering practices while maintaining human oversight. There's a clear trajectory from foundational work on knowledge representation toward increasingly applied research addressing real-world challenges in media ecosystems, citizen science, and data governance, with growing attention to policy implications of AI technologies. Fellow of the British Computer Society Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts Hans Fischer Senior Fellow at TUM-IAS (2023) Ranked among top 100 most influential scholars in knowledge engineering of the last decade Included in Women in AI 2000 ranking Professor Simperl has led 14 major European and national research projects totaling millions in funding, including MediaFutures (a Horizon 2020 program tackling online misinformation), QROWD, ODINE, Data Pitch, and ACTION. She currently co-chairs the Croissant working group in ML Commons developing data standards for AI, and serves as president of the Semantic Web Science Association. Her research has directly influenced the development of data ecosystems supporting startups and citizen science initiatives across Europe, demonstrating exceptional ability to translate theoretical advances into practical impact. As Director of Research at the Open Data Institute, she oversees initiatives connecting data entrepreneurs with artists and civic organizations. Her leadership in the MediaFutures project established a data-driven innovation hub that supported 51 startups/SMEs and 43 artists through three open calls, creating a sustainable model for arts-technology collaborations addressing media challenges. Her work with the ODINE project helped create a European ecosystem for data-driven startups, demonstrating her commitment to building practical applications of open data principles.
Raquel Urtasun is a Full Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Toronto and a co-founder of the Vector Institute for AI. She is also the Founder and CEO of Waabi, an autonomous vehicle company. Previously, she was Chief Scientist and Head of R&D at Uber ATG (2017–2021) and held faculty positions at the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago (TTIC) and as a visiting professor at ETH Zurich. Her research spans machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and AI with a strong focus on autonomous driving and 3D perception. Education: Bachelor's degree, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 2000 Ph.D., Computer Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2006 Postdoctoral studies, MIT and UC Berkeley Raquel Urtasun's research focuses on developing AI systems for self-driving cars, emphasizing efficient perception using minimal sensors. Her work includes 3D scene understanding, stereo vision, optical flow, semantic segmentation, and object detection. She has developed the KITTI benchmark suite, widely used in autonomous driving research. Her lab is an NVIDIA NVAIL lab, reflecting its leadership in AI innovation. Her recent publications show a consistent trend in deep learning for visual perception, particularly in stereo matching, optical flow, 3D object detection, and semantic segmentation. These works integrate deep neural networks with structured models like CRFs and MRFs, pushing the boundaries of accuracy and efficiency in scene understanding for autonomous systems. Scientific Awards: NSERC E.W.R. Steacie Fellowship NVIDIA Pioneers of AI Award Google Faculty Research Awards (multiple) Amazon Faculty Research Award Connaught New Researcher Award Fallona Family Research Award Best Paper Runner Up at CVPR 2013 and 2017 UPNA Alumni Award Chatelaine 2018 Woman of the Year Adweek 2018 Toronto's Top Influencers Urtasun has advised numerous PhD and Master’s students, many of whom now hold faculty or research scientist positions at institutions like UIUC, NYU, UBC, MIT, and companies including Google, Amazon, NVIDIA, and Apple. She has secured significant research grants from NSERC, Google, Amazon, and NVIDIA. Her leadership extends to organizing workshops and serving as Area Chair and Program Chair at top conferences like CVPR, ICML, and NeurIPS. Labs and Teams: She leads a research group at the University of Toronto focused on AI for autonomous systems. Her team has been recognized as an NVIDIA NVAIL lab, and she continues to mentor students and postdocs working on cutting-edge problems in robotics and machine learning, both at UofT and through her company Waabi.
Matthieu Cord is a Professor at Sorbonne University and Scientific Director of valeo.ai, leading research in computer vision, deep learning, and computational cooking. He heads the MLIA team at ISIR Lab, focusing on multimodal models, transformers, and efficient architectures. Research areas include computer vision, large language models with vision, and AI-driven food analytics. Key projects: VISA-DEEP AI chair, Foundation VaViM models, and SmolVLA collaboration with Hugging Face. His recent work examines scalable multimodal models , trajectory prediction , and diffusion-based segmentation , with studies on in-context learning and biased shortcut learning in visual question answering. Articles highlight DeiT variants , fishr for OoD generalization , and STEEX for counterfactual explanations . Scientific awards include IUF Honorary Membership (2009), BMVC 2017 Best Paper, and ICIP 2018 Best Paper. As an advisor, he supervised PhD theses on topics like GAN editing , semantic segmentation , and multimodal retrieval . Current roles involve mentoring the 'Research Band' at MLIA and leading EU-funded initiatives like SCAPE. His work bridges theoretical AI exploration with practical applications in autonomous driving and food technology.
Angel Xuan Chang is an Associate Professor at Simon Fraser University's School of Computing Science, where she leads research at the intersection of natural language processing, computer vision, and 3D scene understanding. She holds the prestigious Canada CIFAR AI Chair position and is affiliated with multiple research groups including 3DLG, GrUVi, SFU NatLang, SFU AI/ML, and VINCI. PhD in Computer Science, Stanford University MSc in Computer Science, Stanford University M.Eng in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT BSc in Computer Science and Engineering, MIT Professor Chang's research primarily focuses on connecting language to 3D representations of shapes and scenes, with particular emphasis on grounding language for embodied agents in indoor environments. Her work spans natural language processing and understanding, linking natural language with visual and 3D representations, multimodal grounding of language, embodied AI, and machine learning applications for biodiversity monitoring through the BIOSCAN project. She has developed methods for synthesizing 3D scenes and shapes from natural language and created various datasets for 3D scene understanding. Her recent publications reveal a strong trend toward integrating language understanding with 3D scene generation and manipulation, with increasing focus on practical applications in embodied AI and biodiversity monitoring. The research shows progression from foundational work on text-to-3D scene generation to more sophisticated approaches for evaluating semantic coherence in generated scenes and developing efficient methods for zero-shot scene modeling. Canada CIFAR AI Chair TUM-IAS Hans Fischer Fellow (2018-2022) Best paper award at 3DV 2025 for 'An Object is Worth 64x64 Pixels: Generating 3D Object via Image Diffusion' Professor Chang actively advises numerous graduate students who appear as first authors on her publications, indicating a strong mentoring program. Her research is supported through multiple channels including the CIFAR AI Chair position and likely various research grants supporting her BIOSCAN-related work and 3D scene understanding projects. She has been involved in organizing multiple workshops at major conferences including ICML, CVPR, and ICLR. Her research is conducted through several interconnected groups: 3DLG (3D Language and Graphics), GrUVi (Graphics, Vision, and Interaction), SFU NatLang (Natural Language Processing), SFU AI/ML, and VINCI. These groups work collaboratively on problems spanning language grounding, 3D scene understanding, embodied AI, and biodiversity applications, creating a rich interdisciplinary research environment.
Michael Riegler is a Researcher at the AI Department, Simula Research Laboratory , focusing on interdisciplinary applications of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, sports analytics, and multimedia systems. His work bridges Machine Learning , AI Alignment , and Applied AI across clinical and real-world domains. Key Affiliations: Simula Research Laboratory (AI Department Head) Research Themes: Explainable AI in medicine, multimodal data analysis, and AI-driven health monitoring Research Interests include: Developing AI/ML algorithms for medical imaging (e.g., polyp detection, embryo analysis) Addressing missing data challenges in healthcare through novel imputation techniques Creating multimodal virtual avatars for investigative interview training Designing edge AI systems for sports analytics and sustainable fishing Recent Publications highlight collaborations with institutions in Norway and globally, with a focus on: Medical Applications: Polyp segmentation, ECG analysis, and explainable models for disease detection Sports Analytics: Athlete performance prediction and soccer video processing Data Infrastructure: Lifelogging datasets (ScopeSense), semantic representation frameworks Labs & Teams include leadership in Simula’s AI Department and participation in projects like Medico Multimedia Task , ImageCLEF , and MediaEval workshops. His work emphasizes responsible AI innovation in public sectors and privacy-preserving systems for edge environments.
Wenping Wang is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Texas A&M University, part of the College of Engineering. His research focuses on computer graphics, computer vision, geometric modeling, and visualization. He holds Fellowships from ACM and IEEE, and has received notable awards including the 2021 AsiaGraphics Outstanding Technical Contributions Award and the 2017 John Gregory Memorial Award. Wang's educational background includes a Ph.D. from the University of Alberta and M.Eng. and B.Sc. degrees from Shandong University. His work spans advancements in neural implicit surfaces, 3D reconstruction, and medical imaging applications such as orthodontic treatment prediction. He has authored numerous influential papers in top-tier conferences like SIGGRAPH and journals like ACM Transactions on Graphics. His research interests emphasize bridging geometric modeling with machine learning, particularly in neural rendering, surface parameterization, and medical visualization. Recent projects include developing frameworks for automatic tooth alignment and high-fidelity 3D geometry generation. Wang's contributions have significantly impacted both theoretical foundations and practical applications in computer graphics.
Xuezhe Ma is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering. Previously, he was a Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon University's Language Technologies Institute, where he worked under the supervision of Professor Eduard Hovy. His academic journey includes a Master's degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Center for Brain-like Computing and Machine Intelligence and a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science from the same institution. Ph.D. in Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University (completed ~2020) M.S. in Brain-like Computing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University B.S. in Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Dr. Ma's research spans multiple areas at the intersection of Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning, with particular focus on structured prediction, syntactic and semantic parsing, machine translation, language generation, and deep generative models. His recent work has expanded into vision-language models, large language model architectures, and applications across computer vision tasks. His research combines theoretical foundations with practical implementations, as evidenced by his development of tools like NeuroNLP2 and MaxParser. His publication record shows a clear trajectory from foundational NLP work during his PhD (including papers on dependency parsing and sequence labeling) to more recent contributions in generative models and large language systems. The 15 most recent publications reveal a strong focus on addressing fundamental challenges in generative modeling, context handling, and multimodal integration, with applications spanning literary translation, medical imaging, and news diffusion analysis. AI2 Outstanding Intern Award (2018) Dr. Ma has secured research funding supporting his work in generative models and language technologies, with projects focusing on improving the efficiency and capabilities of large language models. His research group at USC is actively working on next-generation language understanding and generation systems, with particular emphasis on context-aware modeling and multimodal integration. He has established collaborations with industry partners including the Allen Institute for AI and has contributed to open-source projects like Texar. At USC, Dr. Ma leads research in the Information Sciences Institute, directing projects on efficient large language model architectures and multimodal reasoning systems. His lab focuses on developing novel approaches to context handling, model efficiency, and multimodal integration, with applications across diverse domains including healthcare, literary analysis, and news media.
Guillaume Lajoie is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Université de Montréal and a Core Academic Member of Mila – Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute. He holds a Canada CIFAR AI Research Chair and a Canada Research Chair in Neural Computation and Interfacing. His research focuses on the intersection of AI and neuroscience, particularly in understanding neural network dynamics and developing brain-machine interfaces for clinical and scientific applications. He is affiliated with the Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM), the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on the Brain and Learning (CIRCA), and the UNIQUE initiative. Education: PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Washington (Seattle), postdoctoral fellowships at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and the University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering. Awards include the FRQS Scholar designation and leadership roles in strategic research initiatives like UNIQUE and CIRCA. Research interests include neural computations, recurrent neural networks, neurotechnology, and responsible AI development. Supervised students include François Paugam (PhD), Giancarlo Kerg (PhD), and others. Key grants include projects on adaptive neuroprosthetics, neural decoding, and Canada Research Chairs funding.
Dr. Jia Zhang is the Inaugural Robert H. Dedman Jr. Endowed Department Chair and Professor of Computer Science at Southern Methodist University (SMU Lyle School of Engineering). She holds the Cruse C. and Marjorie F. Calahan Centennial Chair in Engineering and has a courtesy appointment in the Department of Operations Research and Engineering Management. Her research focuses on applying machine learning, natural language processing, and information retrieval to data science infrastructure, particularly scientific workflows, provenance mining, software discovery, knowledge graphs, cloud computing, immune AI, and applications in earth science and healthcare. Education: Ph.D. in Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago M.S. in Computer Science, Nanjing University B.S. in Computer Science, Nanjing University Dr. Zhang's work emphasizes data science infrastructure and machine learning for scientific workflows and knowledge graphs. Her recent publications highlight deep learning , graph neural networks , and optimization algorithms in cloud computing, cybersecurity, and environmental applications. Key trends include spatiotemporal modeling , hybrid neural architectures , and AI-driven service ecosystems . Scientific Awards: Best Paper Awards IEEE SCC (2011, 2017) Best Student Paper Awards IEEE ICWS (2014, 2018), IEEE ICCC (2018) Distinguished Paper Award ICSOC (2023) First Outstanding Service Award IEEE Technical Committee on Services Computing (2016) She has secured over $5 million in federal grants (as PI) and $11 million as PI/Co-PI from NSF, NASA, NIH, UTSW, Ericsson, SAP, and Google. Her lab (Caruth Hall 308) actively recruits research assistants. She previously served as a faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University, Northern Illinois University, and Nanjing University, and worked in industry as a software architect.