جستجوی استاد راهنمای دانشگاهی

Mathieu Salzmann is a Senior Scientist and Lecturer at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), affiliated with the Computer Vision Laboratory (CVLAB) in the School of Computer and Communication Sciences (IC). He also holds a courtesy appointment with the EPFL College of Humanities and serves as Deputy Chief Data Scientist at the Swiss Data Science Center (SDSC). He has held concurrent roles in teaching units including SIN, SODH, and SSC, reflecting his interdisciplinary engagement. His research focuses on the intersection of machine learning and computer vision, particularly in deep learning for 2D and 3D visual scene understanding, efficient and robust models, domain adaptation, and interpretable AI. These interests are evident across his extensive publication record in top-tier venues. His recent publications (2023–2024) show a consistent trend in advancing deep learning methods for visual recognition, with strong representation at CVPR, ICCV, ECCV, ICML, ICLR, and NeurIPS. Topics include domain generalization, 3D understanding, model robustness, and multimodal learning, often with applications in real-world systems. His editorial roles as Associate Editor for IEEE TPAMI and Action Editor for TMLR further highlight his leadership in the field. Area Chair: ICML 2023, CVPR 2023, ICCV 2023, NeurIPS 2023, AAAI 2024, ECCV 2024 Associate Editor: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI) Action Editor: Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR) Mathieu Salzmann has supervised numerous PhD students at EPFL, both current and past, including Bouquet Yann Yanis, Javed Saqib, Li Shuangqi, and others. He has also been involved in research grants and collaborative projects, such as his work with S. Süsstrunk and R. Baroni on comics reconfiguration. His part-time role as Senior GNC Engineer at ClearSpace (2020–2024) illustrates his applied research engagement in aerospace systems. He is actively involved in EPFL’s data science and AI research ecosystem through SDSC and multiple labs.

• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Deep Learning
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Pierre Vandergheynst is a Full Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) in the Department of Electrical Engineering, with a courtesy appointment in Computer and Communication Sciences. He serves as EPFL’s Vice-Provost for Education since 2015 and leads the Signal Processing Laboratory 2 (LTS2). His research spans harmonic analysis, sparse approximations, mathematical data processing, and applications in signal/image processing, computer vision, machine learning, and graph-based data analysis. PhD in Mathematical Physics (1998), Université catholique de Louvain Postdoctoral Researcher at EPFL (1998-2001) Assistant Professor at EPFL (2002-2007) His research explores geometry/symmetry in high-dimensional data, redundant dictionaries for dimensionality reduction, and computational harmonic analysis on manifolds. Recent work focuses on protein structure modeling, geometric deep learning, and graph-based signal processing. Key article trends include graph neural networks for protein analysis, geometric deep learning in neuroscience, and structured knowledge priors in neural models. His 2023-2025 publications emphasize interpretable AI, long-range dependencies in graphs, and molecular representation learning. Scientific Awards: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Best Paper Award (2023) Signal Processing Society Best Paper Award (2022) Apple ARTS Award (2007) De Boelpaepe Prize, Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium (2009-2010) He has supervised over 30 PhD theses and contributed to foundational work in graph signal processing, compressive sensing, and geometric deep learning. His lab develops tools for data science on non-Euclidean structures, with applications in medicine, astronomy, and wireless systems.

• Data Science
• Machine Learning
• Computational Harmonic Analysis
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Prof. Eleni Chatzi is a Full Professor and Chair of Structural Mechanics at ETH Zurich's Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering. She holds a PhD from Columbia University (2010) and has held roles from Assistant to Full Professor at ETH since 2010. Her research focuses on intelligent structural monitoring and data-driven asset management, emphasizing nonlinear dynamics and sensor integration. Affiliations : Institute of Structural Engineering, European Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE President), Swiss Community for Computational Methods (SWICCOMAS Chair) Research interests include Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), system identification, and advanced simulation tools. She pioneered work on data-driven diagnostics and self-aware infrastructure, supported by grants like the ERC Starting Grant (2015). Awards include the 2020 Walter L. Huber Prize and 2024 SHM Person of the Year Award. Her work spans wind energy infrastructure, metamaterials for vibration control, and AI-driven structural analytics. Over 600 publications and 200k+ citations highlight her impact. She teaches computational science and structural dynamics in ETH's programs and collaborates globally on sustainable infrastructure projects.

• Structural Health Monitoring
• Nonlinear System Identification
• Damage Detection
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Olga Fink is a Tenure Track Assistant Professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), affiliated with the Department of Intelligent Maintenance and Operations Systems (IMOS) within the School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC). She also holds roles in PhD program committees for Civil and Environmental Engineering (EDCE) and Robotics, Control, and Intelligent Systems (EDRS). Her research focuses on machine learning for infrastructure monitoring, predictive maintenance, and physics-informed AI models. She teaches courses on machine learning, data science for infrastructure, and advanced deep learning topics. Fink advises multiple PhD students and is involved in interdisciplinary projects such as ThermoNeRF (multimodal 3D thermal modeling) and physics-informed neural networks for fault diagnostics. Her work bridges AI and engineering with applications in smart infrastructure, energy systems, and industrial IoT. Education: PhD in Engineering (inferred from role) Affiliations: IMOS Lab, ENAC-SGC, EPFL PhD Committees (EDCE, EDRS) Key Research Themes: Explainable AI, Digital Twins, Structural Health Monitoring, Domain Adaptation Her publications (2023–2025) emphasize robust AI for industrial systems, including fault detection in high-voltage equipment, multimodal data fusion, and physics-consistent models. She collaborates on EU and industry-funded projects, focusing on real-world applications like predictive maintenance and energy efficiency.

• Machine Learning
• Predictive Maintenance
• Industrial IoT
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Tobi Delbruck is a titular professor of physics and electrical engineering at ETH Zurich, where he leads the Sensors Group at the Institute for Neuroinformatics (INI) in Zurich, Switzerland. He collaborates closely with Shih-Chii Liu and Giacomo Indiveri as part of the 'hardware groups' at INI. Delbruck has also served as visiting faculty at Caltech and is a Fellow of the IEEE. His work focuses on bio-inspired and neuromorphic event-based sensory processing systems. Professor Delbruck's research spans multiple areas of neuromorphic engineering, with particular emphasis on event-based vision systems and low-power analog VLSI circuits. His work has significantly advanced the field of Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), which mimic the human retina's response to changes in brightness rather than capturing full frames. This approach enables extremely low-latency vision processing with minimal power consumption, making it ideal for high-speed applications and robotics. His research has applications in robotics, autonomous systems, and low-power embedded vision. Delbruck is an active contributor to the neuromorphic engineering community, co-organizing the annual Telluride Workshop on Neuromorphic Engineering and serving in leadership roles with IEEE. He has authored numerous influential publications and co-authored books including "Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems" and "Analog VLSI: Circuits and Principles." His jAER (Java Address-Event Representation) project provides open-source tools for real-time event-based sensory processing. Analysis of his recent publications shows a clear trend toward integrating event-based vision with deep learning techniques and applying these systems to practical robotics problems. His scientific achievements have been recognized with multiple awards including: IEEE Fellow Winner of Best Live Demonstration award at ISCAS 2012 Honorable Mention Award from Sensory Systems Technical Committee at ISCAS 2012 Overall Best Student Paper Award and Best Paper Award from Sensory Systems Technical Committee at ISCAS 2010 Winner of the 2006 ISSCC Jan Van Vessem Outstanding European Paper Award Professor Delbruck actively mentors students and has supervised numerous PhD and Master's theses in the areas of neuromorphic engineering and event-based vision systems. His group has secured significant research funding from various sources to support their innovative work in bio-inspired sensory processing. He teaches courses on "Electronics for Physicists II (Digital)" and "Neuromorphic Engineering," helping to train the next generation of researchers in this field. The Sensors Group at INI, which Delbruck leads, operates state-of-the-art facilities for designing and testing neuromorphic vision systems. The group maintains close collaborations with researchers worldwide and has developed several important open-source resources including the jAER project and bias generator design kits. Their work continues to push the boundaries of what's possible with event-based sensory processing, with applications ranging from high-speed robotics to low-power embedded vision systems.

• Neuromorphic Engineering
• Event-Based Vision Systems
• Silicon Retinas
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Dr. Cesar Dario Cadena Lerma is a Lecturer at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering and a tenured Senior Scientist at the Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS) at ETH Zurich. He leads the Perception, Mapping and Navigation team within the Robotics Systems Lab (RSL), co-founded and directs the ETH RobotX initiative focusing on educational robotics, and previously held roles at ETH Zurich's Autonomous Systems Lab, University of Adelaide, and George Mason University. His research focuses on robotics perception, particularly in SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), semantic scene understanding, and robust perception systems for dynamic environments. Education: PhD in Computer Science and System Engineering from the University of Zaragoza, followed by postdoctoral research at George Mason University and The University of Adelaide. Professional roles include managing director of ETH RobotX and leadership in multi-modal mapping frameworks like maplab 2.0. Research interests emphasize integrating perception and learning in robotics, with a focus on semantic mapping, data association, place recognition, and navigation in unstructured environments. His work bridges traditional SLAM techniques with modern deep learning approaches to create robust, modular systems. Key contributions include the PHASER registration algorithm, SCIM obstacle avoidance framework, and C-Blox dense mapping system. Awards include the Best Paper Award at the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics. His articles span topics like semantic pointcloud filtering, volumetric mapping, and embodied domain adaptation. He collaborates widely, with over 50 peer-reviewed publications in top venues such as IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters and International Journal of Robotics Research.

• Robotics
• Computer Vision
• SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Matthieu Cord is a Professor at Sorbonne University and Scientific Director of valeo.ai, leading research in computer vision, deep learning, and computational cooking. He heads the MLIA team at ISIR Lab, focusing on multimodal models, transformers, and efficient architectures. Research areas include computer vision, large language models with vision, and AI-driven food analytics. Key projects: VISA-DEEP AI chair, Foundation VaViM models, and SmolVLA collaboration with Hugging Face. His recent work examines scalable multimodal models , trajectory prediction , and diffusion-based segmentation , with studies on in-context learning and biased shortcut learning in visual question answering. Articles highlight DeiT variants , fishr for OoD generalization , and STEEX for counterfactual explanations . Scientific awards include IUF Honorary Membership (2009), BMVC 2017 Best Paper, and ICIP 2018 Best Paper. As an advisor, he supervised PhD theses on topics like GAN editing , semantic segmentation , and multimodal retrieval . Current roles involve mentoring the 'Research Band' at MLIA and leading EU-funded initiatives like SCAPE. His work bridges theoretical AI exploration with practical applications in autonomous driving and food technology.

• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Deep Learning
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Jan Skaloud serves as an Adjunct Professor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), affiliated with the School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC). He holds positions across multiple departments including SSIE (Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics), EDCE (Doctoral Program in Environmental Sciences and Engineering), and leads the Earth Sensing and Observation (ESO) Lab. His office is located at GC C2 397 in the EPFL campus in Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Skaloud's research expertise spans satellite positioning, inertial and integrated navigation systems, sensor orientation and calibration, attitude determination, mobile mapping, airborne laser scanning, and Kalman filtering techniques. His work bridges theoretical development with practical applications in UAV navigation, photogrammetry, and remote sensing. He teaches across three EPFL sections and two faculties, demonstrating his interdisciplinary approach to education. His publication record shows consistent contributions to the field, with recent work (2023-2025) focusing on vehicle dynamic model-based navigation for various UAV platforms, including delta-wing and fixed-wing drones. His research demonstrates a clear trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated navigation systems that integrate aerodynamic modeling with traditional sensor fusion approaches. This trend reflects the growing importance of model-based navigation in achieving higher precision and autonomy in UAV operations. 2021: Samuel Gamble Award for career contribution in photogrammetry & sensing (ISPRS) 2020: U.V. Helava Award for best paper in ISPRS Journal (2016-2019) 2017: Best Demo Award at IEEE International Workshop on Metrology & Aerospace 2014: Hansa Luftbild Award for best paper in PFG journal 2012: Karl Kraus Medal for best textbook in Photogrammetry 2009: GNSS Leader to Watch Innovation Award (GPS World) Dr. Skaloud has supervised numerous PhD students whose work focuses on advanced navigation systems, sensor calibration, and UAV applications. His research has received funding for projects involving direct georeferencing, mobile mapping systems, and UAV-based search and rescue operations. The ESO lab he directs serves as a hub for cutting-edge research in Earth observation technologies. The Earth Sensing and Observation Lab under Dr. Skaloud's direction brings together researchers working on navigation systems, sensor integration, and data processing techniques for geospatial applications. The lab maintains strong connections with industry partners and international research organizations, facilitating technology transfer and collaborative research projects.

• Satellite positioning
• Inertial navigation
• Integrated navigation systems
• +۹ مورد دیگر

Juergen Schmidhuber is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Informatics of Università della Svizzera italiana and a leading researcher at the Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA USI-SUPSI). He is also Chief Scientist at NNAISENSE, a company dedicated to building practical general-purpose AI. His work has profoundly influenced modern artificial intelligence, particularly through the development of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks in 1991, now deployed across billions of devices for speech recognition, machine translation, and virtual assistants. His research interests span Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Recurrent Neural Networks, Universal AI, Meta-Learning, Algorithmic Information Theory, Artificial Curiosity, Robotics , and Low-Complexity Art . He has pioneered mathematically rigorous frameworks for self-improving AI systems and formal theories of creativity and beauty. His work bridges theoretical foundations with real-world applications in computer vision, natural language processing, and autonomous robotics. The recent articles reflect a consistent trajectory of innovation, combining deep theoretical insights with scalable machine learning architectures. His publications emphasize sequence modeling, universal learning, intrinsic motivation, and computational creativity , demonstrating both foundational contributions and industrial impact. From LSTM to Goedel machines, his work consistently targets the long-term goal of self-improving general AI. Scientific Awards: Numerous awards in AI and machine learning (specific names not listed) Schmidhuber leads a research group at IDSIA, where he mentors students and researchers in advancing the frontiers of AI. His lab has secured significant recognition and industrial collaboration, though specific grants are not detailed. He promotes the 'New AI'—general, sound, and relevant to physics—and continues to explore the convergence of intelligence, computation, and the universe. Labs and Teams: Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA USI-SUPSI) NNAISENSE (as Chief Scientist)

• Artificial Intelligence
• Deep Learning
• Recurrent Neural Networks
• +۱۲ مورد دیگر

Siyu Tang is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zürich, where she leads the Computer Vision and Learning Group (VLG) at the Institute of Visual Computing. Her research focuses on computational models for human perception and digitalization through computer vision and machine learning. Her educational background includes: PhD in Computer Science, Max Planck Institute for Informatics (2017), supervised by Prof. Bernt Schiele Master of Science in Media Informatics, RWTH Aachen University Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, Zhejiang University, China Dr. Tang specializes in human-centric computer vision, developing statistical models for motion analysis, pose estimation, and digital human creation. Her work integrates machine learning with optimization techniques to enable machines to interpret human activities from visual data, with applications spanning virtual reality, healthcare, and human-computer interaction. Key research thrusts include generative models for content creation, egocentric vision, and human motion synthesis. Her recent publications (2024-2025) demonstrate intense focus on 3D human modeling and neural rendering, with Gaussian splatting emerging as a dominant technique for efficient avatar creation and scene reconstruction. Significant themes include text-driven motion synthesis using diffusion models, relightable avatars, surgical training applications, and egocentric multimodal pretraining. This work bridges computer vision, graphics, and machine learning to advance human digitalization. No scientific awards were mentioned in the provided text. Dr. Tang leads the VLG research group at ETH Zürich, mentoring PhD and Master's students in human-centric AI. She previously secured an early career research grant from the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems to establish her independent research program. Her group actively pursues funding for projects in human motion analysis, 3D reconstruction, and generative modeling, with strong industry and clinical collaborations. The Computer Vision and Learning Group (VLG) operates within ETH's Institute of Visual Computing, maintaining dedicated facilities for motion capture, 3D scanning, and high-performance computing. The team collaborates internationally with institutions like the Max Planck Society and focuses on scalable solutions for real-world human digitalization challenges, including surgical training systems and immersive virtual environments.

• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Digital Humans
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Jinjin Gu is a tenure-track Assistant Professor at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" 's INSAIT (Institute for Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Technology), leading research on visual cognition and intelligence. Her work spans visual perception, processing, generation, and reasoning. Education: Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering (2024), University of Sydney B.Sc. in Computer Science and Engineering (2020), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Her research focuses on visual cognition , including agentic systems , diffusion models , GAN architectures , model interpretability , super-resolution , and multimodal vision-language systems . She has developed novel paradigms like HYPIR for diffusion-quality restoration at GAN speeds. Recent publications highlight advancements in image/video restoration , generative modeling , and visual reasoning . Her work addresses critical challenges in model generalization , causal interpretation , and real-world application robustness . Scientific Awards: Stanford University's World's Top 2% Scientists (2024) Yunfan Award at World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) (2023) She has advised students contributing to TPAMI, CVPR, and ICLR publications, and serves as Area Chair for ICLR 2026, NeurIPS 2025, and ICML 2025.

• Computer Science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Computer Vision
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Shih-Chii Liu holds the rank of Privatdozent (Associate Professor) in the Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at ETH Zürich. He is affiliated with the Institute of Neuroinformatics , a joint institute between the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich. His research focuses on neuromorphic engineering, bio-inspired neural hardware, and edge computing systems, emphasizing energy-efficient algorithms and sensor technologies. Key research areas include neuromorphic sensors for real-time data processing, sparsity-aware neural networks, and adaptive computing architectures for edge devices. His work spans applications such as speech enhancement, wearable health monitoring, and bio-inspired keyword spotting systems. He leads the Sensors Research Group, which develops neuromorphic systems integrating novel sensors, spiking neural networks, and low-power hardware accelerators. Recent projects include the DeltaKWS low-power keyword spotting IC, EFLOP computational cost metrics for spiking networks, and NeuroBench benchmarking frameworks for neuromorphic systems. His contributions emphasize bridging biological neural principles with practical engineering solutions for IoT and embedded systems. Liu teaches courses such as Neuromorphic Engineering I and collaborates on cross-disciplinary projects involving neuroprosthetics, smart wearables, and multimodal sensor fusion. His work is characterized by hardware-software co-design approaches to tackle challenges in real-time, low-latency, and energy-constrained computing environments.

• Neuromorphic Engineering
• Neural Networks
• Edge Computing
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Aravind Rajeswaran is a Research Scientist at Meta AI (FAIR) and Visiting PostDoc/Collaborator at Berkeley AI Research Lab (BAIR) at UC Berkeley's College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. He completed his PhD in Computer Science at the University of Washington under Profs. Sham Kakade and Emo Todorov, with additional collaborations with Sergey Levine and Chelsea Finn, and previously earned his bachelor's degree with the best undergraduate thesis award from IIT Madras working with Balaraman Ravindran. His research focuses on building generalist AI agents that operate in open worlds, combining reinforcement learning, representation learning, and world models. Key projects include Locate 3D for real-world object localization, OpenEQA for embodied question answering with foundation models, VC-1 as an artificial visual cortex for embodied intelligence, and R3M as a universal visual representation for robot manipulation. His work demonstrates how pre-trained visual representations can significantly enhance robotic capabilities with minimal supervision. Rajeswaran's publication record shows consistent high-impact contributions across premier AI conferences including NeurIPS, ICML, CVPR, and RSS from 2018 through 2025, with research spanning reinforcement learning, representation learning, robotics, and computer vision. His work on Decision Transformer demonstrated how sequence modeling frameworks can effectively train reinforcement learning policies. Best Paper Award, Scaling Robot Learning Workshop at ICRA 2022 best undergraduate thesis award from IIT Madras As an educator and mentor, Rajeswaran has guided numerous PhD students who have gone on to positions at Stanford, MIT, CMU, Berkeley, and top AI companies including Meta, DeepMind, and Anthropic. He designed and co-taught the Deep Reinforcement Learning course (CSE599G) at UW in 2018, with materials adopted by courses at MIT and CMU, and served as lead TA for Machine Learning for Big Data (CSE547). His research has been supported through his role as Principal Investigator for the Cortex Team at FAIR.

• Reinforcement Learning
• Representation Learning
• World Models
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Roozbeh Mottaghi is a Senior AI Research Scientist Manager at Meta's Fundamental AI Research (FAIR) division and an Affiliate Associate Professor at the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington. His career spans roles as Research Manager at the Allen Institute for AI and Postdoctoral Researcher at Stanford University. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from UCLA, advised by Alan Yuille, and advanced degrees from Simon Fraser University, Georgia Tech, and a B.Sc. from Sharif University of Technology. Ph.D., Computer Science, UCLA (2016) M.Sc., Computer Science, Simon Fraser University M.Sc., Electrical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology B.Sc., Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology His research focuses on Embodied AI, Robotics, Computer Vision, and Multimodal Learning, with key contributions to human-robot collaboration benchmarks (PARTNR), 3D scene understanding, and adaptive navigation systems. Recent work explores zero-shot manipulation via video tracking (Track2Act) and lifelong navigation benchmarks (GOAT-Bench). Publications span 3D vision, reinforcement learning, and visual reasoning, including NeurIPS 2022 Outstanding Paper Award for "Ask4Help" and leadership in organizing challenges at CVPR and ICCV workshops. He advises students and interns who have transitioned to leading institutions like AI2, Stanford, and Brown University.

• Artificial Intelligence
• Embodied AI
• Robotics
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Davide Scaramuzza is a Professor and Director of the Robotics and Perception Group at the University of Zurich. He holds a Ph.D. from ETH Zurich and has conducted postdoctoral research at the University of Pennsylvania and Stanford. His research focuses on autonomous drone navigation using visual and event-based sensors, leading to breakthroughs like AI drones outperforming human pilots in racing (Nature 2023). He pioneered algorithms for Mars helicopter navigation and developed the PX4 autopilot system. Key awards include the Kiyo-Tomiyasu IEEE Technical Field Award (2024), ERC Consolidator Grant (2019), and multiple best paper awards. His entrepreneurial ventures include co-founding Zurich-Eye (later Meta Zurich) and SUIND for agricultural drones. He co-authored the textbook Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots , widely used in academia. Research spans event camera algorithms, visual-inertial SLAM, and reinforcement learning for agile flight. His lab's work is featured in IEEE Spectrum, The Guardian, and Forbes. He advises UN initiatives on AI for disaster response and nuclear safety. Current projects include Graph-Generating State Space Models (CVPR 2024) and event-based vision for automotive systems (Nature 2024).

• Robotics
• Computer Vision
• Autonomous Navigation
• +۴ مورد دیگر