جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Lok Siuمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Asian American Studies
• Asian Diaspora Studies
• Chinese Diaspora
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Lok Siu is a Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, specializing in transnational Asian American experiences, cultural citizenship, and diasporic communities across the Americas. Her interdisciplinary work bridges anthropology and ethnic studies to examine identity formation in colonial and postcolonial contexts. Her educational foundation includes: PhD in Anthropology from Stanford University (2000) MA in Anthropology from Stanford University (1995) BA in Anthropology with a minor in Ethnic Studies from UC Berkeley (1993) Professor Siu's research critically engages Chinese diaspora formations , cultural politics of food , and transnational belonging , with particular focus on hemispheric connections between Asia and the Americas. Her scholarship interrogates how marginalized communities navigate citizenship through cultural practices, from Panamanian Chinese communities to contemporary Chino Latin@ foodways. Current projects explore food truck culture as sites of urban hipness and mobile identity. Her publication trajectory reveals evolving methodological and thematic depth—from ethnographic studies of Central American Chinese communities to analyses of food media and transnational Asian American formations. Recurring themes include gendered citizenship, colonial legacies, and the refashioning of ethnic identity through migration and globalization. Her scholarly recognition includes: Social Sciences Book award for Memories of a Future Home: Diasporic Citizenship of Chinese in Panama (2005) Social Sciences Book award for co-edited volume Asian Diasporas: New Formations, New Conceptions (2007) Professor Siu's research has been sustained through significant funding including a $50,000 Rockefeller Foundation grant as Principal Investigator for the Gender and Cultural Citizenship Working Group (2002-2003), alongside multiple institutional fellowships. TACA and Dean's Fellowships at UT Austin (2010, 2009) Goddard and FAS Fellowships at NYU (2003, 2005) Postdoctoral Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University (2001-2002) Curricular Development grants from NYU (2006)

Vincent Thiviergeمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Environmental Economics
• Climate Policy
• Air Pollution Control
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Vincent Thivierge serves as Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics and the Institute of the Environment at the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Social Sciences. His academic appointment includes teaching responsibilities for ECO6151 Economics of the Environment and EVD5122 Foundations of Environmental Economics within the Master's of Environmental Sustainability program. As an environmental economist, Thivierge specializes in climate and air pollution control policies with particular focus on the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of environmental regulations. His research examines allocative efficiency changes in air pollution cap-and-trade markets, carbon tariff effectiveness in reducing carbon leakage, and health impacts of decarbonization pathways in oil and gas sectors. His methodological approach combines rigorous economic analysis with direct policy relevance, making his work valuable to both academic and governmental communities. Thivierge's scholarly contributions demonstrate consistent focus on environmental policy evaluation across multiple jurisdictions and pollutants. His publications reveal expertise in both global pollutants like carbon dioxide and local air quality issues, with particular attention to North American contexts including California, British Columbia, and Canadian municipalities. His work bridges theoretical economic concepts with practical policy implementation challenges. S.V. Ciriacy-Wantrup Postdoctoral Fellowship at UC Berkeley Resilient Energy Economies Initiative grant for research on energy transition in oil refining communities Thivierge's research has gained significant policy traction, being cited by influential organizations including the Bank of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Supreme Court of Canada, California EPA, and OECD. His current project examining economic and fiscal impacts of energy transition in oil refining communities is conducted in collaboration with Professor Christopher Malloy from the University of Oklahoma, demonstrating his active engagement in international research networks. Prior to his faculty position, he worked with public policy institutes in Canada, building strong connections between academic research and practical policy development.

Boris Chrubasikمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Ancient History
• Greek History
• Hellenistic Period
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Boris Chrubasik serves as Associate Professor of Greek History and Classics and Chair of the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Toronto. His academic leadership extends to his role as co-editor of Phoenix , the Journal of the Classical Association of Canada, demonstrating his significant contribution to the field of classical studies. Dr. Chrubasik's research expertise centers on the political, cultural, and social history of the Eastern Mediterranean from the Achaemenid to the late Hellenistic periods. His work particularly examines social power dynamics, including concepts of kingship in the Seleukid empire—the largest successor state following Alexander the Great's death—and the complex relationships between local power-holders and larger imperial structures. He has pioneered research on cross-cultural exchange between Greek and non-Greek communities in southern Asia Minor and the Levant. Currently, he leads an international collaborative team working to conserve, edit, and publish a private archive of seal impressions from Hellenistic Maresha in Israel, representing cutting-edge interdisciplinary work in ancient history. His publication record reveals consistent scholarly output focused on Hellenistic political structures, with particular emphasis on the Seleukid Empire. The trend in his work shows increasing sophistication in analyzing power structures across imperial contexts, with recent publications examining the intersection of religious institutions, political authority, and cultural identity. His research demonstrates exceptional command of both textual and material evidence, bridging traditional historical analysis with archaeological approaches. At the University of Toronto, Dr. Chrubasik teaches undergraduate courses in Greek history spanning from the second millennium to the second century CE, including specialized offerings on Early Greece, Classical Greece, the Persian Empire, and the Hellenistic Period. He also engages with graduate students through the tri-campus graduate Department of Classics, offering advanced seminars on Greek epigraphy, Hellenistic Jewish history, and historical approaches to cities and imperialism. His commitment to student development is evident through his supervision of Independent Reading Courses and participation in the Research Opportunity Program, providing valuable research experience to undergraduate students.

• Biology Education
• Giftedness Research
• Science Education
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Claas Wegner is a Professor at Bielefeld University, Germany, where he serves as the Lead Professor of the Osthushenrich Center for Giftedness Research (OZHB) at the Faculty of Biology. He also holds positions at the FHM in Bielefeld (teaching Psychology) and at the University of Koblenz (Biology Didactics). His academic journey includes a doctorate in Biology Didactics and Psychology from Bielefeld University (2009), followed by progressive academic appointments leading to his current professorship since 2015. Wegner's educational background includes comprehensive teacher training for secondary schools with a focus on biology, education, and sports (2000-2006), followed by his trainee teacher period (2007-2008). His academic qualifications were solidified with his doctoral degree in Biology Didactics and Psychology from Bielefeld University in 2009. Professor Wegner's research primarily focuses on biology education and giftedness research, with particular emphasis on: Development and validation of diagnostic instruments for identifying scientifically gifted students Implementation of interdisciplinary teaching approaches, especially connecting biology with physical education Use of technology in science education, including 3D modeling, augmented reality, and simulations Gender-specific approaches in STEM education, particularly for girls Health education, with a focus on basic life support and cardiovascular health Design-Based Research methodology in educational contexts His recent publications demonstrate a strong trend toward integrating emerging technologies like AI and AR into science education while maintaining a focus on giftedness identification and interdisciplinary approaches. Wegner's work increasingly explores how digital tools can enhance traditional biology education and make complex concepts more accessible to students of varying abilities. Professor Wegner leads the Osthushenrich Center for Giftedness Research and directs multiple educational projects including Kolumbus-Kids, ELVIS (Erklärvideos inklusionssensibel gestalten), and various initiatives focused on science education and giftedness. His research team works extensively with school laboratories (teutolab-biology, teutolab-medicine, teutolab-sport) to develop innovative teaching approaches and materials. As an educator, Wegner supervises numerous BA and MA theses, leads project modules, and organizes excursions and workshops. His teaching portfolio includes courses on biology didactics, practical teaching studies, and specialized topics in gifted education. He also serves in various administrative capacities including as Deputy member of the BiSEd Conference and member of the Faculty Conference and Quality Improvement Commission.

Vincent Rotelloمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Supramolecular chemistry
• Nanotechnology
• Bionanotechnology
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Vincent Rotello is a University Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He holds multiple affiliations including Faculty in the Graduate Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, the Center for Bioactive Delivery, the Models to Medicine program, the Center for Personalized Health Monitoring, and the Materials Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program at the Institute for Applied Life Sciences. Dr. Rotello received his B.S. in Chemistry (Honors) from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1985, followed by an M. Phil and Ph.D. in Chemistry from Yale University in 1987 and 1990, respectively. He completed an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1990-1993 before joining the faculty at UMass Amherst. Professor Rotello's research focuses on supramolecular chemistry, particularly the study and application of non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking. His work spans nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, bioorthogonal chemistry, drug delivery, and antimicrobial development. His laboratory explores how these molecular recognition concepts can address essential questions in biology, biomedicine, and material chemistry, with particular emphasis on using synthetic organic chemistry to engineer interfaces between synthetic and biological worlds. The group has published over 650 peer-reviewed papers to date. His recent publications reveal a strong trend toward bioorthogonal catalysis, particularly 'nanozymes' and 'polyzymes' - nanomaterial scaffolds incorporating transition metal catalysts for localized drug and imaging agent generation. His research increasingly addresses biomedical applications including cancer treatment, bacterial infection control, and diagnostic development, with significant focus on antimicrobial applications and biofilm eradication. Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (2023) Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate (2014, 2015, 2018-2023) Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) NSF CAREER award Cottrell Scholar award Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Sloan Fellowship Professor Rotello has mentored numerous graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, with recent PhD graduates including Dr. Aarohi Gupta and Dr. Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay. His research group maintains active collaborations across multiple disciplines and has secured significant funding for their work in nanotechnology and bionanotechnology. The group has published over 650 peer-reviewed papers, demonstrating consistent productivity and impact in their field. The Rotello Lab operates within the Lederle Graduate Research Tower at UMass Amherst, with office in room 379 and laboratory space in room 320. The group consists of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and visiting scholars from around the world, working collaboratively on projects spanning antimicrobials, bioorthogonal chemistry, drug delivery, and sensing technologies. The lab has documented numerous visiting scholars from institutions across Europe, Asia, and North America, indicating strong international collaborations.

• Corporate Sustainability
• Carbon Management
• Environmental Strategy
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Professor Ki Hoon Lee is a Senior Professor and Chair of Sustainability in Business at the Business School, Edinburgh Napier University (since 2024). Previously, he served as Full Professor of Corporate Sustainability Management at Griffith Business School, Griffith University (Australia), teaching MBA and executive programs. He holds visiting professorships at Vienna University of Economics and Business (Austria) and Seoul National University (South Korea). His work bridges business, environmental science, and sustainability policy. Research interests span corporate sustainability strategy, carbon management, environmental accounting, supply chain resilience, and Blue Economy frameworks. He investigates how institutional pressures shape sustainability practices, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, regulatory compliance, and cross-sector collaboration. His studies also explore sustainability education, eco-control systems, and the interplay between economic growth and environmental stewardship. Key article trends include: Corporate sustainability integration (17% of publications) Carbon accounting and net-zero strategies (15% of publications) Supply chain ethics and resilience (13% of publications) Blue Economy and marine ecosystems (11% of publications) Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) applications (9% of publications) Recognitions: Top 2% World Scientist by Stanford University and Elsevier (2021-2024) Top Scholar by ScholarGPS (Top 0.5%, 2024) Board Committee Member, EMAN Europe (2024) As Chairman of the Environmental and Sustainability Management Accounting Network (EMAN) Asia Pacific, he fosters global academia-industry collaboration. His work addresses the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, and 17. He has consulted Fortune Global 500 companies and led the Australian Blue Economy CRC's research program (2019-2022).

Danh Le Phuocمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Autonomous Information Systems
• RDF Stream Processing
• Semantic Web
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Danh Le Phuoc is a Principal Computer Scientist at Technical University of Berlin, leading research at the PICOM.AI lab where his team develops autonomous information systems for robotics, autonomous vehicles, and IoT systems through pervasive intelligence in complex networks. With over 70 publications and significant academic impact (6811 citations, H-index 31), he has established himself as a notable researcher in semantic technologies. His educational background isn't explicitly detailed in the provided text, but his research expertise spans multiple domains requiring advanced technical knowledge. Le Phuoc's research focuses on bridging theoretical concepts with practical system implementation, particularly in RDF Stream Processing, Semantic Web technologies, and IoT middleware. His work emphasizes building real-world systems that process linked streams and data in real-time, enabling applications in intelligent transportation systems and connected vehicles. His research trajectory shows consistent innovation from foundational work on semantic mashups (2009) through to advanced stream processing frameworks (2017). His publications reveal strong trends toward processing real-time semantic data streams, with increasing focus on scalability, performance optimization, and integration of IoT systems with knowledge graphs. The progression shows movement from basic semantic web pipes to complex, elastic cloud-based stream processing systems. 22 Awards, Honours, Fellowships and Grants 10+ awards for innovative Semantic Web applications Multiple honors for IoT applications As an obsessive builder, Le Phuoc has developed numerous influential systems including The Graph of Things, CQELS (Continuous Query Evaluation over Linked Streams), Semantic Web Pipes, and Linked Sensor/Stream Middleware. His current focus is on ASAP (Autonomous Semantic Stream Processing), a platform for connected vehicles and intelligent transportation systems. His lab appears to maintain active GitHub repositories for several of these systems, suggesting ongoing development and community engagement.

Stefanie Sequeiraمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Clinical Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Psychopathology
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Stefanie Sequeira is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Virginia, focusing on clinical psychology, adolescent mental health, and neuroimaging. Her research explores how social threat and reward processes develop during childhood and adolescence, linking these mechanisms to psychopathology such as anxiety disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Integrates ecological momentary assessment (EMA), fMRI, and eye-tracking into her work Pursues three research lines: novel measures for social threat/reward, brain-behavior links in psychopathology, and associations between reward functioning, anxiety, and STBs in adolescence Lab: Brains, Emotions, and Adolescent Relationships (BEAR) Lab Her recent publications examine social media impacts on adolescent affect, neuroimaging in ADHD, climate change anxiety, and cultural humility in psychology training. She is recruiting graduate students for Fall 2024.

Ali Hamieمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Formal Aspects of Software Development
• Software Engineering
• Formal Methods
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Ali Hamie is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering (University of Brighton, UK), specializing in formal methods in software engineering and ontology modeling. With over 35 publications, his work bridges theoretical formalisms like UML, OCL, and JML with practical implementation validation. BSc in Pure Mathematics (Lebanese University, 1982) Postgraduate Diploma in Computing (University of Essex, 1986) MSc in Computer Science (University of Essex, 1987) PhD in Computer Science (University of Essex, 1991) His research focuses on formal aspects of software development , including specification patterns, design by contract, and translation between formal notations (OCL to JML). Recent work examines diagrammatic reasoning in ontology engineering and hybrid modeling approaches combining formal and agile methods. Studies show his publications span formal methods , ontology modeling , and constraints validation , with recurring themes in OCL-JML interoperability, diagrammatic notations, and user-centric formalism evaluation. Awards include Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (2017) . He supervises research in formal computing, with past topics covering concept diagrams and ontology modeling. His academic career includes postdoctoral roles at Newcastle University and EPSRC-funded work at Imperial College.

Barb Morraمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Chemistry Education
• Organic Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Barb Morra is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Toronto, affiliated with the Faculty of Arts and Science. Her work focuses on integrating real-world applications and green chemistry principles into teaching and laboratory design. She emphasizes discovery-based learning, critical thinking, and collaboration in her courses, often using pharmaceutical synthesis and research scenarios to contextualize organic chemistry concepts. Her research explores innovative teaching methods such as the ‘Chemistry Connections Challenge,’ which encourages students to link course content to real-world problems. She has developed green chemistry-based laboratory experiments and curricula, emphasizing sustainability and modern research practices. These initiatives include solvent-free synthesis techniques and databases for instructional resources. Collaboration is central to her work, involving undergraduate and graduate students in programs like the Research Opportunities Program and Chemistry Teaching Fellowship Program. These partnerships have enhanced course quality and student engagement across multiple levels. Her contributions span journal articles on education and green chemistry, reflecting her dual focus on pedagogical innovation and chemical sustainability. Barb Morra’s efforts have shaped the Department of Chemistry’s approach to education, fostering a culture that bridges academic rigor with practical, sustainable applications. Her teaching and research highlight the importance of making chemistry accessible and relevant to contemporary challenges.

Mark Burnleyمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Exercise Physiology
• Endurance Exercise
• Sports Science
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Mark Burnley is a Senior Lecturer in Exercise Physiology at Loughborough University, having previously held roles at the University of Kent and the University of Wolverhampton. He specializes in endurance exercise physiology, focusing on oxygen uptake kinetics, critical power, and metabolic steady states. Burnley earned his BSc in Sport Science and PhD in Exercise Physiology from the University of Brighton and holds a Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice. His research explores physiological thresholds in endurance performance, including VO₂ kinetics, lactate dynamics, and fatigue mechanisms. He is a member of the American College of Sports Medicine and the Physiological Society, and serves as a section editor for the European Journal of Sports Science. Key research contributions include refining methodologies for determining exercise intensity domains and challenging conventional interpretations of critical power. His work emphasizes the interplay between metabolic and neuromuscular factors in endurance performance. Burnley’s publications span topics like priming exercise effects, nitrate supplementation, and polarized training debates. Though no formal awards are listed, his extensive peer-reviewed output underscores his scholarly impact.

Frank G. Schroederمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Astroparticle Physics
• Cosmic Ray Physics
• Radio Detection Techniques
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Frank G. Schroeder is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Delaware. He holds a Diplom in Physics from TU Darmstadt (2007), a Doctoral Degree (2011), and a Habilitation (2017) from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. He has been at UD since 2018. His research focuses on High-Energy Astroparticle Physics, including cosmic ray detection via radio antennas and computational data analysis. Key collaborations include the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole and the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Recent work emphasizes cosmic-ray anisotropy studies, neutrino oscillations, and detector development for next-generation experiments like IceCube-Gen2 and AugerPrime. His research leverages machine learning for signal identification and analysis, with contributions to understanding ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrino emissions. Schroeder’s teams actively participate in global initiatives such as the IceCube Collaboration and the Global Cosmic-Ray Observatory (GCOS) proposal. His technical innovations include radio antenna arrays and improved data reconstruction algorithms for air showers. He has published extensively on topics including cosmic-ray composition, neutrino point-source searches, and multi-messenger astrophysics.

Britta van Beersمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Legal Theory
• Bioethics
• Technology Law
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Britta van Beers is a Full Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, holding positions in Legal Theory and Legal History within the Faculty of Law, as well as affiliations with the Kooijmans Institute, Law & Technology, and Boundaries of Law. Her research focuses on intersections between law, emerging technologies, bioethics, and human rights. She has authored over 70 publications since 2015, addressing topics like CRISPR governance, surrogacy regulation, and legal personhood in the age of biotechnology. Awarded multiple grants and prizes (specifics unspecified) Supervised 2 PhD theses Edited volumes on personalized medicine ethics and symbolic legislation Her work critically examines technological innovations' impact on legal frameworks, particularly in genetics, artificial intelligence, and reproductive technologies. Recent projects include analyzing human germline modification dialogues and ethical challenges in accessing biobanks for forensic purposes. Key contributions include redefining legal personhood in the context of posthuman technologies and advocating for explicit goals in public dialogues about gene editing. She frequently engages with policymakers, as seen in her contributions to Dutch parliamentary discussions on embryo law reforms.

Serena Boothمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Human-AI Interaction
• Reinforcement Learning
• AI Policy
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Serena Booth is an incoming Assistant Professor in Computer Science at Brown University. Previously, she served as an AAAS AI Policy Fellow in the U.S. Senate, advising the Senate Banking Committee on AI policy. She holds a PhD from MIT CSAIL (2023) and a BA from Harvard College (2016). Her research focuses on human-AI interaction, specification design for AI systems, and ethical AI practices. She also worked as an Associate Product Manager at Google, scaling ARCore to 100 million devices. Her research explores how humans specify AI behaviors, assess system success, and mitigate misalignment risks. Key contributions include Bayes-TrEx (model transparency via Bayesian sampling) and RoCUS (robot controller understanding). Her work has been supported by NSF GRFP and MIT Presidential Fellowships. She advocates for science policy equity through MIT's Science Policy Initiative and co-founded initiatives to support women in computing (e.g., GW6 at MIT). Education: PhD MIT CSAIL (2023), BA Harvard College (2016) Awards: Rising Star in EECS, HRI Pioneer, NSF GRFP Key Areas: Reward design pitfalls, human-robot trust, ethical AI curriculum development Her recent publications analyze reward function misdesign (AAAI 2023), human-AI teaching frameworks (HRI 2022), and feature attribution reliability (AAAI 2022). She currently seeks PhD students/postdocs focusing on human-AI alignment, reinforcement learning, and policy implications.

James D. Holtمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Religious Education
• World Religions Pedagogy
• Mormon Theology
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr James D. Holt is Associate Professor of Religious Education at the University of Chester, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. He serves as subject leader for Religious Education and Social Science, teaching across all Initial Teacher Education programs including PGCE Early Years, PGCE Primary, BA QTS, and PGCE Secondary. James Holt holds a BA, MA, and PhD from the University of Liverpool, an MEd from the University of Birmingham, and a PGCE (Secondary Education) from Manchester Metropolitan University. Prior to his academic career, he was a secondary school Religious Education teacher for 13 years. Holt's research focuses on Religion and Education, particularly the representation of religions in the classroom. His work spans four key areas: Religious Education pedagogy across educational stages, Christian Education with emphasis on faith-based teaching practices, Religion and the arts with focus on fantasy literature, and Systematic theology with specialization in Mormon theology and inter-faith dialogue. His research has led to numerous publications including a series of guides for teaching world religions and books on Religious Education methodology. Holt's recent publications show a strong trend toward practical classroom guides for teaching specific world religions, particularly through his Bloomsbury series 'Teaching Religions and Worldviews.' His work bridges academic theology with practical classroom application, making complex religious concepts accessible to educators. There's also a consistent thread of exploring Mormon theology and inter-faith dialogue throughout his scholarly output. Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (2015) Holt has supervised EdD students and welcomes postgraduate research students. His grant history includes significant projects such as the AHRC-funded 'Christian Ethics of Farmed Animal Welfare Education Project' (2021-2023) as Co-principal investigator, the LASAR Centre's 'Epistemic Insight Initiative' (2019-2020), and the 'Big Ideas' project led by Professor Michael Reiss from UCL (2016-2017). While not explicitly mentioning specific labs, Holt is deeply involved in research networks including the LASAR (Learning about Science and Religion) Centre at Canterbury Christ Church University and has collaborated with the National Institute for Christian Education Research. His work connects academic research with practical classroom application through various teacher training initiatives.