جستجوی استاد راهنمای دانشگاهی

• Digital Strategy
• Innovation Management
• Open Innovation
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Christopher L. Tucci is a Professor of Digital Strategy & Innovation at Imperial College London's Business School and currently serves as Interim Vice Dean of Education. He is also the Founding Dean of NEOM's College of Business & Innovation in Saudi Arabia. Previously, he held the Chair in Corporate Strategy & Innovation at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), where he served as Dean of the College of Management from 2013 to 2018. His academic qualifications include a PhD in Management from MIT and multiple degrees from Stanford University: an AB in Music, BS in Mathematical Sciences, and MS in Computer Science and Computer Science. His research focuses on digital strategy, innovation management, open innovation, and business model innovation, with particular emphasis on how firms transition to new technologies and organizational forms. He has pioneered work on crowdsourcing, inter-networking, and AI-driven innovation. His award-winning article 'Crowdsourcing as a Solution to Distant Search' (co-authored with Allan Afuah) has received multiple accolades, including the AMR Decade Award in 2022. Professor Tucci teaches courses such as AI Ventures, Co-Creation in AI & Robotics, and Design Thinking. He actively contributes to academic leadership roles, including serving on the Academy of Management's Board of Governors and leading initiatives like Imperial's I-X (Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation hub). His work integrates technology, strategy, and organizational dynamics to address modern business challenges. Educations: PhD in Management, MIT (1992–1997) SM in Technology & Policy/EECS, MIT (1989–1991) BS in Mathematical Sciences, Stanford (1978–1982) AB in Music, Stanford (1979–1983) MS in Computer Science, Stanford (1982–1984) Labs/Teams: Co-Director of Imperial's I-X initiative, focusing on AI, data science, and digital innovation.

Sean Welleckمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Machine Learning for Mathematics
• Machine Learning for Code
• AI Reasoning and Agents
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Sean Welleck is an Assistant Professor at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science, Language Technologies Institute, leading the L3 Lab. His research focuses on bridging informal and formal reasoning with AI, spanning machine learning for mathematics and code, inference algorithms, and AI agents. PhD in Computer Science from New York University (advised by Kyunghyun Cho) Postdoctoral work at University of Washington (advised by Yejin Choi) His work explores AI-driven formal methods for mathematics and code generation, test-time compute scaling, and algorithms enabling AI improvement over time. Recent publications analyze reasoning evaluation, premise selection, and automated proof optimization in systems like Lean. Key article trends include neural theorem proving, code generation, and inference-time compute optimization. Awards: NVIDIA AI Labs Pioneering Research Awards (2017, 2018), NAACL 2025 Best Paper. Current advisees include PhD students Pranjal Aggarwal, Weihua Du (co-advised with Yiming Yang), Andre He (co-advised with Daniel Fried), and Seungone Kim (co-advised with Graham Neubig). He co-organizes workshops like Autoformalization for the Working Mathematician (ICERM 2025) and VerifAI: AI Verification in the Wild (ICLR 2025), and teaches Advanced NLP at CMU.

• Supply Chain Management
• Operations Management
• Information Systems
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Ashish Thatte serves as Associate Professor of Operations Management at Gonzaga University, teaching undergraduate courses including Operations Management (OPER 340), Lean Thinking (OPER 347), and Supply Chain Management (OPER 489), alongside graduate courses such as Global Operations (MBUS 640), Lean Thinking (MBUS 648), and Supply Chain Management (MBUS 699). His industry background encompasses manufacturing management and supply chain/logistics roles in multinational corporations. His academic credentials feature a Ph.D. and M.S. from the University of Toledo, complemented by an M.B.A. and B.E. from the University of Pune (India), plus APICS CPIM certification: CPIM, APICS Ph.D., University of Toledo M.S., University of Toledo M.B.A., University of Pune (India) B.E., University of Pune (India) Dr. Thatte's research centers on supply chain responsiveness, competitive advantage, and information systems in operations, with significant extensions into consumer behavior (particularly Gen Z purchasing in beauty care) and healthcare operations (emergency department efficiency and medical procedure cost analysis). His work bridges theoretical frameworks with practical applications across manufacturing, retail, and healthcare sectors. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications reveals three dominant research trajectories: (1) Supply chain responsiveness mechanisms and their competitive impact through supplier networks and modular manufacturing; (2) Cross-cultural consumer behavior examining regional variations in brand perception; (3) Healthcare operations optimization in emergency departments and procedural cost-effectiveness. His interdisciplinary approach connects operations theory with real-world business challenges across automotive, sports analytics, and global consumer markets. No scientific awards were documented in the available information. While the provided materials confirm his teaching responsibilities and publication record, specific details regarding student advisement, research grants, or laboratory affiliations remain undisclosed in the source materials.

Ricardo Valerdiمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Systems Engineering
• Cost Estimation
• Parametric Modeling
• +۱۵ مورد دیگر

Ricardo Valerdi is a Professor and Department Head in the Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona's College of Engineering. He is a Distinguished Outreach Professor, Faculty Athletics Representative for the Big 12 Conference and NCAA, and a member of the Graduate Faculty. His academic journey includes positions at MIT (2005–2011) and continuous service at the University of Arizona since 2011, with current roles beginning in 2018 and ongoing leadership since 2020. His educational background includes a PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the University of Southern California, an MS in System Architecture and Engineering from the same institution, and a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of San Diego. Valerdi's research spans systems engineering, cost estimation, model-based systems engineering (MBSE), digital engineering, sports analytics, and test and evaluation of complex systems. He is renowned for his work on the Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model (COSYSMO) and has pioneered the integration of virtual reality with MBSE. His recent publications reflect a strong focus on executable modeling, systems thinking education, cost modeling convergence, and applications in space and defense systems. His body of work from 2020 to 2025 shows a consistent trajectory in advancing digital engineering tools, integrating immersive technologies into systems design, refining parametric cost models, and assessing systems thinking competencies in education. The publications emphasize interdisciplinary applications, including space missions, ERP systems, and cyber resiliency, demonstrating a blend of theoretical and applied systems engineering. Best paper award, Journal of Systems Engineering International Council of Systems Engineering, Summer I 2016 Foreign Member, Mexican Academy of Engineering, Summer I 2016 Frank Freiman Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cost Estimation and Parametric Modeling, International Cost Estimating & Analysis Association, Fall 2015 Dr. Valerdi has advised numerous graduate students and led educational initiatives integrating industry-focused projects. He founded and co-edited the Journal of Enterprise Transformation and served as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Cost Analysis and Parametrics. He has received significant recognition and grants supporting research in systems engineering cost modeling, human systems integration, and digital transformation. His leadership extends to service as a Fulbright Scholar, visiting professor at West Point, and visiting fellow of the UK Royal Academy of Engineering. He leads research teams focused on cost estimation, digital engineering, and systems integration, often collaborating with defense and aerospace stakeholders. His labs and initiatives emphasize virtual reality integration, executable modeling, and systems thinking assessment. Future work is expected to further explore AI-driven cost models, digital twins for complex systems, and scalable frameworks for MBSE adoption across domains.

Travis J. Fuerstمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Product Lifecycle Management
• Project Management
• Continuous Improvement
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Travis J. Fuerst is an Assistant Professor of Practice at the School of Engineering Technology within the Purdue Polytechnic Institute at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He has held this position since 2022, previously serving in the Department of Computer Graphics Technology from 2016 to 2022. Before returning to academia, he accumulated over 13 years of industry experience at The Boeing Company as an Engineering Workplace Coach, IT Project Manager, and Continuous Improvement Leader, complemented by 21 years of military service in the U.S. Army Reserves where he retired as a Major from USTRANSCOM in 2017. His academic credentials include: Master of Science in Technology (Product Lifecycle Management) from Purdue University (2002) Bachelor of Science in Computer Graphics Technology from Purdue University (2000) with a minor in Organizational Leadership and Supervision Professor Fuerst specializes in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), Project Management, Continuous Improvement, and Configuration Management, integrating Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma methodologies into both industrial applications and educational frameworks. His instruction emphasizes practical skill development for industry readiness, leveraging extensive real-world experience to bridge theoretical concepts with professional practice in engineering technology fields. His publication portfolio demonstrates a clear trajectory toward integrating Product Data Management systems into engineering education, with emphasis on digital enterprise solutions and pedagogical innovation. Key themes include parametric solid modeling applications, collaborative project-based learning frameworks, and curriculum development for PLM implementation across undergraduate programs, reflecting his dual focus on technological advancement and educational transformation. His recognition includes: Purdue Polytechnic 2013 Early Career Award Professor Fuerst actively mentors undergraduate and graduate students through project-based design learning that cultivates higher-order thinking skills, directly applying his industry expertise in risk analysis, resource allocation, and cross-functional team leadership. His curriculum development work demonstrates sustained commitment to advancing engineering education practices through practical, industry-aligned methodologies. His leadership experience spans Boeing's continuous improvement initiatives and U.S. Army cyber operations, providing a robust foundation for developing team-based project management approaches that emphasize operational efficiency and strategic problem-solving in academic settings.

Pedro Oliveiraمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Open and User Innovation
• Patient Innovation
• Social and Impact Innovation
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Pedro Oliveira is a leading academic and administrator with diverse roles across institutions. He currently serves as Dean at Nova School of Business and Economics , where he holds the Cascais Chair in Operations, Technology, and Innovation Management . Additionally, he is a Professor MSO at Copenhagen Business School , Academic Fellow at Cornell University , and Adjunct Professor at MIT Sloan School of Management . He also founded the Patient Innovation platform and co-founded PPL Crowdfunding . Education: Ph.D. in Operations, Technology, and Innovation Management (2004), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill M.Sc. in Operations Research and Systems Engineering (2000), Instituto Superior Técnico Licenciatura in Naval Engineering (1996), Instituto Superior Técnico Research Focus: Pedro Oliveira's work centers on Open and User Innovation , Patient Innovation , and Social and Impact Innovation , with a strong emphasis on Service Operations Management and Artificial Intelligence in Innovation . His studies often bridge Technology Strategy with Healthcare and Financial Services , exploring how users can drive innovation in resource-constrained environments. Publication Trends: His recent works emphasize collaborative innovation in public and semi-public domains , patient-driven healthcare solutions , and user innovation in digital finance . He has also published extensively on knowledge commons and innovation during crises , such as the COVID-19 pandemic . Leadership and Advisory Roles: Pedro has held significant administrative roles, including Senior Associate Dean for Faculty & Research and Director of the Research Unit in Business and Economics . He has advised the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology, and Higher Education and served on the Environment & Sustainability Council at EDP Energias de Portugal . He is also the President of the Open and User Innovation Society and a counselor on the National Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation (CNCTI) and Economic and Social Council (CES) in Portugal. Labs and Teams: As founder of Patient Innovation , he has established a global platform for user-driven healthcare solutions. His work also includes collaborative digital health initiatives , such as the Saúde.Come Senior program addressing food insecurity in elderly populations through TV-based eHealth interventions.

• Process Management
• Business Process Optimization
• Agile Methodologies
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Matthias Lederer serves as a faculty member at the Weiden Business School of Ostbayerische Technical University Amberg-Weiden, specializing in Business Informatics with a focus on Process Management. His academic position is complemented by extensive industry experience across multiple sectors including IT services, manufacturing, and consulting. Dr. Lederer's research spans four interconnected domains: process analysis and optimization, IT process management, agile process transformation, and didactics for process digitization. His work bridges theoretical frameworks with practical applications, particularly in business process management (BPM), digital transformation, and the integration of agile methodologies into organizational structures. His research demonstrates a clear trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated applications of data science and artificial intelligence in process optimization. Analysis of his recent publications reveals a strong focus on practical implementations of business process management, with particular emphasis on agile transformations, data-driven process design, and the application of AI in business contexts. His work consistently addresses the intersection of academic research and industry practice, with publications appearing in both academic journals and professional conference proceedings. The research demonstrates growing attention to digital platforms, smart manufacturing applications, and sustainable business practices. His scientific recognition includes: Best Program Director award from ISM International School of Management Project Award 'Innovative LernOrte' from OTH Award for Good Teaching from the Bavarian State Ministry Best Paper Award at the 2014 International Conference on Information Systems Multiple professional certifications including Lean Six Sigma Black Belt and OMG-Certified Expert in Business Process Management Professor Lederer has developed significant academic leadership through his role as Chairman of the Institute of Innovative Process Management. His teaching approach integrates practice-integrated methodologies, reflecting his belief in connecting academic concepts with real-world applications. His extensive consulting background with organizations like REHAU AG + Co. and the Bavarian Ministry of Justice informs his academic work and student mentorship.

Upali Nandaمشاهده پروفایل

استاد مدعو

• Human Health and Wellbeing
• Sensory Design
• Power of Place
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Dr. Upali Nanda is an Adjunct Professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan and an Associate Professor of Practice at the Taubman School of Architecture and Urban Planning. She holds a PhD in Architecture from Texas A&M University (2005), an MA in Architecture from the National University of Singapore (2001), and a BArch from the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi (1999). Currently serving as Director of Research at HKS Inc., a global architectural firm, Dr. Nanda's academic and professional work bridges architecture, healthcare design, and human wellbeing. PhD in Architecture, Texas A&M University (2005) MA in Architecture, National University of Singapore (2001) BArch, School of Planning and Architecture, India (1999) Dr. Nanda's research focuses on the intersection of architecture and health. Her core interests—Human Health and Wellbeing, Sensory Design, and Power of Place—explore how built environments impact mental and physical health. She has pioneered evidence-based approaches to healthcare design, including the concept of 'Sensthetics,' which examines crossmodal sensory experiences in architectural contexts. Her recent publications highlight interdisciplinary applications of design thinking across healthcare, education, and urban environments. Key trends include leveraging sensory design for mental health, optimizing healthcare facilities through data-driven models, and addressing aging populations through adaptive urban planning. These works emphasize the role of architecture in shaping healthier outcomes across diverse populations. Dr. Nanda has received notable recognition for her contributions, including: Top 10 Most Influential People in Healthcare Design (Healthcare Design Magazine, 2015) Women in Architecture Innovator Award (Architectural Record, 2018) In addition to her academic roles, Dr. Nanda contributes to practice-based research at HKS Inc., where she develops tools like the Design Diagnostic and Post-Occupancy Evaluation Toolkit. Her work integrates neuroscience principles (e.g., neuroesthetics) with architectural practice, influencing global standards for patient-centered environments.

• Lean Construction
• Project Management
• Construction Waste Reduction
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Trond Bølviken is a Professor at the Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder. His research focuses on Lean Construction methodologies, project management, and construction waste reduction. He has contributed to advancing understanding of collaborative project teams, waste economics, and production planning. His work emphasizes practical applications of theoretical principles in construction, aiming to bridge gaps between academic research and industry practices. Key areas include uncertainty management, production control systems, and the integration of Lean principles with traditional construction workflows. Bølviken has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings, particularly within the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC). He collaborates with international researchers and industry practitioners to address challenges in project delivery and workflow optimization.

• Social Entrepreneurship
• Social Innovation
• Leadership
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Annika Voltan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management at the Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary's University. Her research focuses on social entrepreneurship, social innovation, and leadership dynamics within healthcare and community contexts. Specializing in systems approaches to social impact assessment, she explores how decentralized leadership structures and bricolage strategies enable organizations to navigate resource constraints and achieve scalable social change. Her work emphasizes the interplay between entrepreneurial orientation and institutional logics, particularly in contexts like Cuba’s evolving non-state enterprise sector. Key themes include knowledge-sharing networks in healthcare teams, win-win shared value propositions, and framing social problems through innovative lenses. Dr. Voltan’s research bridges theoretical frameworks with practical applications in policy design, stakeholder engagement, and ecosystems thinking. In terms of scholarly output, her articles demonstrate a trajectory from foundational concepts like bricolage and proactiveness (2025) to applied frameworks for scaling impact (2016-2019). While no formal awards or grants are listed here, her publications reflect sustained engagement with critical issues in 21st-century organizational and societal challenges. No advising relationships or lab affiliations were explicitly mentioned in the profile text provided.

Maria Csernochمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Didactics of Informatics
• Computational Thinking
• Knowledge Transfer
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Maria Csernoch is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Hungary. Education: Teacher degree in mathematics, descriptive geometry, informatics and English Bachelor of Science in software engineering and lean management Doctor of Philosophy in mathematics and computer sciences Dr. habil. degree in applied linguistics Research Interests: Dr. Csernoch specializes in the didactics of Informatics, focusing on developing computational thinking skills through innovative pedagogical approaches. Her work emphasizes knowledge-transfer mechanisms, cross-disciplinary digital subject integration, sustainable digital practices, and lean methodologies in computing education to optimize resource efficiency while maintaining pedagogical rigor. Professional Service: She serves as an Editorial Board Member for PeerJ Computer Science.

• Public Service Operations Management
• Lean Methodology
• Healthcare Management
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Zoe Radnor is a Professor at Bayes Business School, City, University of London, specializing in public service operations management with a particular focus on healthcare systems. Her research bridges the gap between operations management theory and practical public service delivery, with significant contributions to understanding lean methodology, value co-creation, and frailty in healthcare settings. Dr. Radnor's research interests center on public service operations management , with particular emphasis on lean methodology in healthcare , value co-creation in public services , and frailty assessment and management . Her work explores how operational principles can be adapted to improve public service delivery, particularly in complex healthcare environments. She investigates the implementation challenges of lean thinking, the dynamics of value co-creation between service providers and users, and the experiences of frail older adults navigating healthcare systems. Her extensive publication record demonstrates a consistent focus on improving healthcare operations through evidence-based management approaches. Radnor's work reveals how lean principles can be adapted to public service contexts, how value co-creation processes operate in public service organizations, and how frailty can be better understood and addressed in healthcare delivery. Her research employs diverse methodologies including qualitative case studies, systematic reviews, and simulation approaches across multiple healthcare settings. Dr. Radnor has made significant contributions to the academic community through her editorial work, including editing the 'Public Service Operations Management: A Research Handbook' (2015). She has published extensively in high-impact journals across public administration, healthcare management, and operations research fields, establishing herself as a leading scholar in the intersection of operations management and public service delivery. Her research has practical implications for healthcare managers, policymakers, and service providers seeking to improve operational efficiency while maintaining quality patient care. Through her work on frailty, lean implementation, and value co-creation, she provides valuable insights for enhancing public service delivery in complex organizational contexts, particularly in healthcare where operational efficiency must be balanced with compassionate, patient-centered care.

Silvia Sanasiمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Strategy processes and practices
• Entrepreneurial experimentation
• Business model innovation
• +۱۰ مورد دیگر

Dr. Silvia Sanasi is an Assistant Professor in Strategy and Entrepreneurship at the Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. She is also an affiliate of the Centre for Family Business Management and contributes to executive education at the POLIMI Graduate School of Management. She teaches 'Design Thinking and Prototyping' in the Master in Entrepreneurship and Innovation and 'Case Study Research' in the joint PhD Program in Management with the University of Trento. She has been elected as a Representative-at-large for the Academy of Management's Strategizing Activities and Practices (SAP) interest group starting in 2025. Education: Ph.D. in Management, Politecnico di Milano, School of Management (cum laude) M.Sc. in Management Engineering, Politecnico di Milano (major: Design Management, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship) B.Sc. in Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano Her research focuses on strategy processes and practices, entrepreneurial experimentation, business model innovation, and the role of design in entrepreneurship. She explores how startups and firms innovate through experimentation, pivot during crises, and scale after market validation. Her work also investigates sustainable business model innovation through emerging technologies, particularly in the New Space Economy. She has conducted comparative case studies on agile experimentation, growth hacking, and crisis-driven strategic pivoting. Her recent publications span top-tier journals such as Academy of Management Perspectives , International Journal of Management Reviews , Journal of Business Research , Technovation , Long Range Planning , and Strategic Organization . These works reveal a strong trend toward understanding dynamic strategic processes, the interplay between design and entrepreneurship, and the role of technology in enabling sustainable innovation. Scientific Awards: Finalist, Outstanding Dissertation Award, Academy of Management STR Division Dr. Sanasi has advised and collaborated with multiple researchers and has been a visiting researcher at the Institute of Innovation Management, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich (2020–2021). She is accredited as an Associate Professor in Economics and Management and Management Engineering by the Italian Ministry of University and Research. She has also taught Design Thinking at USI - Università della Svizzera italiana. Her work bridges academic rigor with practical relevance, particularly in entrepreneurial education and innovation management. Labs and Research Centers: Centre for Family Business Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Extended Faculty, POLIMI Graduate School of Management Senior Research Collaborator, “Hi-Tech Startups” applied research center, Politecnico di Milano

• Logistics Strategy
• Supply Chain Integration
• B2C Logistics Operations
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Thomas J. Goldsby is the Dee & Jimmy Haslam Chair of Supply Chain and Professor of Supply Chain Management at the Haslam School of Business, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He serves as co-executive director for the Global Supply Chain Institute and directs the MS-SCM Tricon program. His expertise spans logistics strategy, supply chain integration, and lean/agile supply chain frameworks, with an emphasis on resilience, transparency, and digital transformation. Education: Ph.D. in Business Administration (1998), Michigan State University M.B.A. in Economics and Transportation (1993), University of Kentucky B.S. in Economics and Finance (1992), University of Evansville Recent research trends include cyber resilience in supply chains, trade policy impacts (e.g., GST in India), and consumer-centric logistics strategies. His work bridges academic rigor and industry relevance, reflected in over 100 publications and leadership roles as co-editor-in-chief of the Journal of Business Logistics and editor emeritus of the Transportation Journal . Scientific Awards: Multiple Best Paper Awards 2019 'Rainmaker' by DC Velocity Magazine Lifetime Achievement Award from Supply Chain Leaders in Action Teaching Excellence Awards at multiple universities Goldsby has secured over $4.5 million in research grants and supervised 100+ industry supply chain projects. He co-hosts the Tennessee on Supply Chain Management podcast and has delivered executive programs globally. His leadership in academic-practitioner collaboration and sustainability initiatives underscores his influence in shaping supply chain discourse.

• Management Control
• Management Accounting
• Organizational Processes
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Benoît Tricard is an Assistant Professor at NEOMA Business School in the Accounting, Control & Legal Affairs department. He earned his PhD in Management, Management Control from ESSEC after graduating from IEP Paris. His research focuses on management instrumentation, particularly the role of performance indicators, risk management, change management, and lean management in organizational processes. PhD, Management, Management Control Graduate of IEP Paris and ESSEC Teaching areas: Management Control, Management Accounting Tricard’s research spans pragmatic philosophy, sociomateriality, and temporality in organizations. He uses frameworks from Peirce, Bakhtin, and Ricoeur to analyze organizational artifacts, chronotopes, and valuation processes. His recent work explores trans-action theory, narrative emplotment, and ecological agency models. Publication Trends: His academic output focuses on bridging philosophical concepts (e.g., Pragmatism, Peirce’s semiotics) with organizational challenges like risk, change, and performance management. Key methodologies include dialogical inquiry, process analysis, and semiotic mediation frameworks. Tricard has contributed to high-ranking journals like Organization Studies and publishers such as Oxford University Press and Economica. His work emphasizes non-representational approaches to organizational complexity and the philosophical underpinnings of management tools.