جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Stuart Deernessمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Educational Sociology
• Social Justice in Education
• Teacher Education
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Stuart Deerness is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Education within the Faculty of Culture and Society at Auckland University of Technology (AUT). He leads the Graduate Diploma in Secondary Teaching programme and teaches across the Bachelor of Arts and Master of Education programmes. His academic career follows extensive experience as a secondary school teacher, providing him with practical insights into educational systems and challenges. Dr. Deerness holds a PhD in Education (2014) and a Master of Education, both from The University of Auckland. His educational background informs his research on the complex relationships between power structures, social inequality, and educational practices. His research focuses on how social and political systems affect teachers' professional lives and how educators navigate government policies, political trends, and their own values. Deerness examines the broader societal impacts on education and how educational institutions shape society in return. He investigates what constitutes a "good school" and who determines these standards, with particular attention to making educational systems fairer for all students. His work frequently employs qualitative and ethnographic methodologies to uncover the subtle ways teachers maintain educational values within constrained policy environments. Analysis of Deerness's recent publications reveals a consistent critical perspective on educational policy, particularly examining tensions between neoliberal reforms and social justice imperatives. His scholarship demonstrates growing emphasis on innovative learning environments, teacher identity formation, and the political dimensions of curriculum implementation. A notable trajectory shows his work evolving from examining teacher practices to analyzing systemic issues in educational assessment, culminating in his 2025 analysis of how influential schools contributed to NCEA's replacement. As an educator, Deerness supervises graduate research and contributes to teacher education through courses on curriculum theory, educational philosophy, and contemporary issues in education. His teaching emphasizes the development of critical perspectives among future educators, preparing them to navigate complex educational landscapes while maintaining commitment to equity principles. Dr. Deerness maintains an active presence in public discourse on education, regularly contributing to media discussions about educational policy, school choice, and assessment systems in New Zealand. His recent work has critically examined the relationship between prestigious schools adopting alternative assessment systems like Cambridge International and the eventual government decision to replace NCEA, demonstrating his ability to connect academic research with practical educational concerns.

Julian Franksمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Bankruptcy and financial distress
• Ownership and control
• Family ownership
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Julian Franks is a Professor of Finance at London Business School and an ECGI Fellow, previously holding visiting professorships at UNC Chapel Hill, UC Berkeley, and UCLA. Education: BA, Sheffield (1968) MBA, Columbia University (1969) PhD, London University (1979) His research centers on bankruptcy and financial distress, ownership and control structures, family ownership dynamics, and shareholder activism, extending to corporate restructuring, financial regulation, and takeover mechanisms. This work forms foundational contributions to corporate governance literature. Recent publications (2023-2024) analyze ESG performance drivers, ownership management frameworks, and cross-border financial distress resolution, revealing how institutional investors shape governance through private engagement and voting. The corpus demonstrates consistent focus on bankruptcy systems, ownership evolution, and stewardship practices across global markets. Professor Franks serves as associate editor for the Journal of Empirical Finance, European Journal of Financial Management, Journal of Corporate Finance, and Journal of Financial Services Research, while advising Stern Stewart and PWC. He also contributes to UK policy through DTI-Treasury and Company Law Review working groups. No information is available regarding student advising or research grant funding.

Kevin Lawsمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Bulk Metallic Glasses
• Amorphous Alloys
• Materials Science
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Associate Professor Kevin Laws is a materials scientist specializing in bulk metallic glasses and amorphous alloys at the School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW). His research focuses on the design, discovery, and development of magnesium- and aluminum-based metallic glasses for structural and functional applications, with expertise in die-casting, strip casting, and post-production processing of bulk metallic glasses. Professor Laws has held significant positions including Project Manager at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Design in Light Metals since 2009 and Postdoctoral Fellowship at UNSW since 2008. His research contributions are extensive, with over 30 refereed journal publications and approximately $100k in research funding since 2008. His work extends to international collaborations, having served as a Visiting Scientist at both the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich and the United States Air Force Research Laboratories. His primary research interests include bulk metallic glasses, amorphous alloys, magnesium and aluminum alloy development, composite materials, and advanced processing techniques. Professor Laws has made significant contributions to understanding the thermal and mechanical properties of metallic glasses, with applications spanning from structural components to functional devices. His recent work shows progression into high-entropy alloys, tungsten boride structures, and advanced characterization techniques while maintaining his core focus on metallic glasses. Professor Laws' publication record demonstrates a strong trajectory of research excellence, with consistent output of high-impact papers in leading materials science journals. His work shows increasing sophistication in both experimental techniques and computational modeling approaches, reflecting the evolving nature of materials science research. ARC Centre of Excellence Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (2007-) Invited Research Position at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (2010) Invited Research Position at US Air Force Research Laboratory (2011) Member of Institute of Engineers, Australia (2003-) Member of Society of Automotive Engineers-International (2001-) Professor Laws has co-supervised 10 honors and 6 PhD students in the past 4 years, demonstrating his commitment to education and mentorship. He serves as course coordinator for Welding and Joining Processes and contributes as a guest lecturer for polymer engineering and demonstrator for foundry casting, rolling, and mechanical testing. His teaching responsibilities complement his research activities, creating a synergistic relationship between education and discovery. His research is conducted within the School of Materials Science & Engineering at UNSW, where he collaborates with colleagues on projects related to advanced materials development and characterization. The school provides state-of-the-art facilities for materials processing and characterization, enabling Professor Laws to pursue his research on metallic glasses and related materials.

Murad Alimمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Mathematical Physics
• Theoretical Computer Science
• Topology
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Murad Alim is an Associate Professor at Heriot-Watt University's School of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Department of Mathematics. His research focuses on the intersection of mathematical physics and theoretical computer science, particularly in areas such as topology, string theory, and quantum mechanics. Top Research Topics: Topology (100%), String Theory (100%), Quantum Curves, BPS Structures, Resurgence Theory, Special Geometry His recent work explores non-perturbative phenomena in topological strings, quantum curves, and exact WKB methods, with applications to BPS structures and attractor flows. He actively supervises PhD students and contributes to advancements in geometric and algebraic frameworks for quantum field theories. Selected Trends: The articles highlight a focus on duality in quantum systems, resurgence techniques for non-perturbative effects, and geometric interpretations of BPS states. Collaborations with researchers like D. Bryan, L. Hollands, and J. Teschner demonstrate interdisciplinary engagement.

Ryan Netzleyمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Renaissance Literature
• Seventeenth-Century Poetry
• Milton Studies
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Ryan Netzley serves as Professor of English and Director of Graduate Studies at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. He is the editor of Marvell Studies and has established himself as a prominent scholar in Renaissance literary studies through his three monographs and numerous journal publications. Professor of English Director of Graduate Studies Editor of Marvell Studies Netzley's research focuses on Renaissance lyric poetry, particularly seventeenth-century works by Jonson, Donne, Marvell, Herbert, and Milton, examining intersections between poetic form, economic value systems, and religious thought. His scholarship bridges literary criticism with poststructuralist theory and Reformation theology, exploring how early modern texts conceptualize value, desire, and apocalyptic change. His publications reveal consistent scholarly engagement with how poetic form models alternatives to market economies and interrogates the relationship between aesthetic production and social order. Netzley's work demonstrates particular expertise in analyzing negativity in Shakespeare's sonnets, rhyme structures in country house poetry, and economic metaphors in religious verse. As Director of Graduate Studies, Netzley oversees the English department's graduate program and advises students. He co-edits scholarly collections, including the forthcoming 'Lyric Temporalities' with Kimberly Johnson, and actively participates in academic conferences, serving on the organizing committee for the Conference on John Milton.

Zsolt Czigányikمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Utopian and dystopian literature
• Hungarian literary history
• Intellectual history
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Zsolt Czigányik is habilitated Associate Professor at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, in the School of English and American Studies and Department of English Studies , and concurrently Senior Fellow of the Gerda Henkel Stiftung, Germany. His research integrates literary hermeneutics with intellectual history and political thought to map Hungarian and Central-European utopian/dystopian traditions from the 16th century to the present. Education & Academic Standing: Habilitated Associate Professor (dr. habil.) – qualification above PhD required for full professorship in Hungary. Doctoral data sheet registered at doktori.hu (exact degrees not stated in source). Research Interests: Czigányik’s work revolves around the intersections of utopian imagination, political ideology and literary form . He examines how Hungarian authors from Bessenyei, Jókai and Madách to Karinthy, Babits and Szathmári crafted positive or negative utopias that respond to the region’s chronic liminality between Western and Eastern power structures. Additional interests include translation history (Hungarian versions of Thomas More’s Utopia ), censorship and reception during the Communist period, and cyclical theories of history in authors such as Anthony Burgess. Publication Trends (2015-2024): His recent output clusters around four large Springer e-book chapters (2022), a Palgrave monograph and its concluding chapter (2023), and two 2024 articles on translation history and the Hungarian utopian canon. Collectively these works foreground Hungarian dystopias of the inter-war era , Enlightenment-era moderate optimism , techno-utopias of the long nineteenth century , and reception of More’s Utopia in a multi-denominational context. Grants & Fellowships: Senior Fellow, Gerda Henkel Stiftung (Germany) – current. Advising & Teaching: No individual student names or supervision lists are provided in the supplied text; he is however labelled “lecturer” in departmental context, implying active graduate and undergraduate teaching responsibilities. Labs / Research Teams: No dedicated lab or large-scale team is mentioned; research appears to be individual with network links visible via co-authorship and Academia.edu follower data.

• Political Communication
• Political Leadership
• Celebrity Politics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Donatella Campus is a Full Professor of Political Science at the Department of Letters, Philosophy, and Communication, University of Bergamo. Her research focuses on Political Communication and Political Leadership , with a special emphasis on electoral campaigns , celebrity politics , female leadership , and media-politics interactions . She serves as a Principal Investigator for the PRIN project 'Fandom democracy? Celebrity and new forms of citizens' engagement' and is Co-editor of Polis , a Class A journal. Campus has held roles in institutional assignments , including Research Advisor at the University of Bergamo and Equal Opportunities Committee member at the University of Bologna. Her research interests span political communication (electoral campaigns, propaganda, political language, intimidation of politics, celebrity politics, political debate) and political leadership (female leadership, collective leadership, populist leaders). Her publications analyze trends in celebrity politics , populist rhetoric , digital political engagement , and gender in leadership . She has contributed to journals like The International Journal of Press/Politics , Comunicazione Politica , and Rivista di Digital Politics , with a focus on Italy and Europe. Donatella Campus has been active in editorial roles since 2021 as Co-editor of Polis and previously served on the Editorial Board of the European Journal of Political Research (2017-2023). She is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Cattaneo Institute and sits on the General Council of ICON-S Italian Chapter . Her teaching includes courses on Political and Institutional Communication , Political Communication 2 , and Political Communication in joint programs.

Jeremy Skrzypekمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Metaphysics
• Medieval Philosophy
• Philosophical Theology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dr. Jeremy Skrzypek serves as Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Ohio Dominican University in Columbus, Ohio, where he joined the faculty in 2022 after previously teaching at the University of Mary in Bismarck, North Dakota. His academic appointments reflect his expertise in metaphysical theory and historical philosophical traditions. Dr. Skrzypek earned his PhD in Philosophy from Saint Louis University in 2016, following an MA from the University of Saskatchewan (2011) and a BA from the State University of New York at Buffalo (2008). His educational background has provided the foundation for his specialized work in Aristotelian metaphysics and medieval philosophical traditions. His primary research focuses on metaphysics, particularly developing and defending a novel approach to hylomorphism he calls hyloenergeism —the theory that material objects are best understood as comprised of matter and activity , where activity plays the role of form. This work challenges structural and dispositional interpretations of hylomorphism, arguing that a dynamic understanding better captures the nature of living organisms and other material entities. His research bridges contemporary analytic philosophy with medieval philosophical traditions, particularly Thomistic thought. Dr. Skrzypek's publications span prestigious journals including Erkenntnis , Synthese , Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy , and The European Journal for Philosophy of Religion . His 2025 book A Dynamic Theory of Hylomorphism: Form as Activity (Routledge) represents the culmination of his research program, presenting a comprehensive defense of his hyloenergeist approach. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly's Rising Scholar Award (2023) for "Thomas Aquinas on Concrete Particulars" National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Stipend (2024) supporting completion of his book At Ohio Dominican University, Dr. Skrzypek teaches courses across the history of philosophy (ancient, medieval, modern), metaphysics, philosophy of religion, philosophical theology, and business ethics. His teaching reflects his research interests while providing students with broad exposure to philosophical traditions and contemporary debates. His academic work demonstrates a commitment to connecting historical philosophical insights with contemporary metaphysical problems, particularly regarding the nature of material objects, form, and activity.

J. Keith Vincentمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Japanese Literature
• Queer Theory
• Literary Translation
• +۵ مورد دیگر

J. Keith Vincent is an Associate Professor of Japanese & Comparative Literature and Women’s, Gender & Sexuality Studies at Boston University, and Convener of Japanese Language. He holds a BA from the University of Kansas, and MA and PhD from Columbia University. His research focuses on modern Japanese literature, queer theory, literary translation, and the interplay between haiku and the Japanese novel, particularly the work of Masaoka Shiki and Natsume Sōseki. Vincent’s scholarship bridges literary analysis with cultural critique, exploring themes of gender, sexuality, and aesthetics. Education: BA, University of Kansas MA, Columbia University PhD, Columbia University His research interests include queer readings of classical and modern texts, the impact of haiku on narrative forms, and literary friendships as aesthetic frameworks. Recent projects include a biography of Shiki through haiku and a book on haiku’s influence on Sōseki’s novels. Vincent has translated works by Okamoto Kanoko and Tanizaki Jun’ichirō, earning the 2011 U.S. Japan Friendship Commission Prize for his translation of A Riot of Goldfish . His translations often highlight cross-cultural resonances and subversive themes. Awardees include the U.S. Japan Friendship Commission Prize (2011) and a Lucien Stryk Asian Translation Prize shortlist (2018). He actively contributes to academic discourse through edited volumes, such as Reading Sōseki Now , and lectures on topics like Shiki’s relationship with Marcel Proust. Current projects focus on completing “I, Who Go”: The Young Shiki and the Invention of Haiku and expanding his exploration of haiku’s literary legacy. Vincent’s work emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches, blending literary criticism with psychoanalytic and cultural theories.

• Computer Vision
• Robotics
• 3D Reconstruction
• +۴ مورد دیگر

El Mustapha Mouaddib is a Professor in the Perception and Robotics department at Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, affiliated with Laboratory Heudiasyc (UMR CNRS 7253). His research bridges advanced robotics with cultural heritage preservation, focusing on developing novel computer vision techniques for complex documentation challenges. His primary research interests include omnidirectional vision systems , hyperspectral imaging , and 3D reconstruction methodologies , with significant emphasis on applications for cultural heritage documentation. Mouaddib's work particularly addresses challenges in temporal illumination compensation , laser scanning registration , and multi-scale digitization of historical structures, as evidenced by his extensive Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral research. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications reveals a consistent trajectory toward heritage robotics - developing specialized computer vision algorithms for cultural preservation. His work demonstrates increasing sophistication in integrating multi-modal sensor data (TLS, hyperspectral, RGB-D) solving illumination challenges in historical documentation developing adaptive robotic systems for complex environments Notably, his Notre-Dame research forms a cohesive body of work examining structural changes through advanced 3D analysis. Mouaddib actively participates in major interdisciplinary projects including SAMURAI , ASSIDUITAS , SCANBOT , ADAPT , and SUMUM , which focus on heritage digitization and robotic exploration. His collaborative approach is evident through extensive co-authorship with institutions like CNRS and international partners in Japan and Italy. His laboratory work centers on the E-Cathedrale initiative, creating comprehensive digital twins of Gothic cathedrals through multi-temporal and multi-scale documentation. This involves developing specialized hardware (like the HDROmni camera system) alongside novel algorithms for processing challenging heritage environments.

Elmar Buchnerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Impact Geology
• Geothermal Energy
• Health Care
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Dr. habil. Elmar Buchner serves as Vice President for Research and Research Career Development and Head of the HNU Doctoral Centre at Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences. His academic career spans multiple institutions including extensive work at the University of Stuttgart's Institute of Planetology from 1997 to 2013, where he later became a Privatdozent in Geology. Dr. Buchner's research focuses on the interface of Earth and Health Sciences, with particular expertise in: Impact Geology and Crater Studies Structural Geology and Tectonics Sedimentology and Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction Geothermal Energy and Social Acceptance Healthcare Technology and Digital Ethics His groundbreaking work primarily centers on the Ries and Steinheim impact structures in Germany, where he has challenged the long-held belief that these were formed by a binary asteroid impact. Through detailed stratigraphic and seismic analysis, Buchner and colleagues have presented compelling evidence for two independent impact events separated by approximately 0.5 to 1 million years. This research has significant implications for understanding impact cratering processes on Earth and other planetary bodies, with applications to Martian geology through terrestrial analog studies. His publication record reveals an evolving research trajectory that increasingly bridges geological sciences with health applications. While his core expertise remains in impact cratering and structural geology, recent work extends into geothermal energy social acceptance studies and the ethical dimensions of digital healthcare technologies, demonstrating his commitment to applying geological knowledge to contemporary societal challenges. With 231 publications, over 66,000 reads, and 1,471 citations, Professor Buchner has established himself as a leading researcher in impact cratering studies. His collaborative work spans multiple international institutions and research teams, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of modern impact crater research. As Head of the HNU Doctoral Centre, Professor Buchner oversees doctoral training and research career development at Neu-Ulm University. His leadership in research administration complements his active research program, demonstrating his commitment to fostering the next generation of scientists while maintaining his own cutting-edge research in Earth sciences.

• R-loop Biology
• Epigenetics
• DNA Methylation
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Frédéric Chédin is a Professor in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of California Davis, College of Biological Sciences. He has held continuous faculty positions at UC Davis since 2004, progressing from Assistant Professor (2004-2010) to Associate Professor (2010-2015), and currently serving as full Professor (2015-present). His research focuses on R-loop biology, DNA methylation, and epigenetic regulation. Chédin's laboratory investigates how RNA:DNA hybrids form, persist, and impact genome stability, with particular emphasis on their roles in transcription, chromatin organization, and disease mechanisms. His work has established foundational methodologies for R-loop detection and mapping, including critical assessments of common techniques like the S9.6 antibody. Chédin's publication record demonstrates consistent leadership in R-loop research, with numerous high-impact papers in journals like PNAS , Nature Communications , and Molecular Cell . His recent work explores protein-mediated R-loop stabilization, R-loop classification systems, and connections between R-loops and topological stress management. Director of NIH T32 Predoctoral Training Program in MCB (2020-present) Co-Director of NIH T32 Program (2019-2020) Chair of Integrative Genetics and Genomics (2015-2019) His laboratory trains numerous graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, with frequent collaborators including Stella Hartono and Lionel Sanz appearing as first authors on key publications. Chédin maintains active service roles in graduate education and program leadership at UC Davis.

• Shakespeare Studies
• Early Modern Literature
• Victorian Literature
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Stefani Brusberg-Kiermeier serves as a Professor at the Institute for English Language and Literature within the Faculty of Language and Information Sciences at the University of Hildesheim. She holds multiple leadership positions including membership on the board of the Center for Gender Research, representation of professors on the Doctoral Committee for Faculty 3 (Dr. phil.), and spokesperson role for English Language and Literature in the Interdisciplinary Graduate College 'Gender and Education.' Her research spans multiple literary periods and media forms with particular expertise in Shakespeare studies, Victorian literature, gender research, and film adaptation. Brusberg-Kiermeier's scholarly work demonstrates consistent interdisciplinary engagement, frequently bridging literary analysis with gender theory, film studies, and cultural criticism. Her publications reveal a pattern of examining how literary works from different historical periods engage with contemporary concerns through adaptation and reinterpretation. Analysis of her recent publications shows a clear trajectory toward examining contemporary media representations (particularly film and television) through the lens of historical literary traditions. Her work on James Bond evolution, Shakespeare adaptations in modern cinema, and Victorian literature's influence on contemporary culture demonstrates her ability to connect historical literary analysis with current cultural phenomena. The scholarship consistently incorporates gender perspectives across all subject areas. Brusberg-Kiermeier has served as editor-in-chief of the journal Hard Times (2014-2018) and has edited numerous special issues and book collections. Her editorial work demonstrates commitment to fostering scholarly dialogue across disciplinary boundaries, particularly regarding gender studies and literary adaptation. Her academic leadership extends to multiple institutional roles at the University of Hildesheim, where she contributes to both teaching and research administration while maintaining an active scholarly profile. The depth and breadth of her publications across multiple subfields demonstrate her position as a significant contributor to literary and cultural studies in Germany.

Martina Delbiancoمشاهده پروفایل

استاد پژوهشی

• Carbohydrate Materials
• Glycan Foldamers
• Supramolecular Chemistry
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr. Martina Delbianco is a Group Leader in the Carbohydrate Materials group within the Department of Biomolecular Systems at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam, Germany. Her research focuses on designing and engineering synthetic carbohydrate-based materials with controlled structures and functions. Dr. Delbianco's research interests center on carbohydrate chemistry, particularly the development of well-defined polysaccharides and glycan foldamers. Her work explores how these biomolecules can form supramolecular structures through hydrogen bonding and other interactions, with applications in therapeutics and advanced materials. She specializes in automated synthesis methods for creating precisely structured carbohydrates that can adopt specific shapes from helices to sheets. Her recent publications demonstrate significant advances in glycan foldamer science, including the development of catalytic glycans and methods for controlling glycan folding through ionic functional groups. These innovations represent groundbreaking work at the intersection of carbohydrate chemistry and materials science. Feltrinelli Prize for research on carbohydrate-based materials ERC Proof of Concept Grant (2024) for the GlycoRoads project Dr. Delbianco actively mentors students and postdoctoral researchers, supervising Bachelor's and Master's theses in her group. Her GlycoRoads ERC project aims to develop tools for designing glycans with specific shapes for therapeutic and materials applications. She collaborates extensively with researchers across Europe, including Yu Ogawa's group, and participates in major scientific conferences such as the Gordon Research Conference on Carbohydrates. Her laboratory focuses on creating software for glycan design, integrating molecular dynamics simulations and data analytics to facilitate the development of custom carbohydrate structures. This work positions her at the forefront of computational glycoscience and biomaterials engineering.

• Galaxy Formation
• Intergalactic Medium (IGM)
• Cosmology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Joop Schaye is a Full Professor at Leiden University, affiliated with the Leiden Observatory within the Faculty of Science. His research focuses on galaxy formation, the intergalactic medium (IGM), and cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. He leads the FLAMINGO and COLIBRE projects, building on prior work with OWLS and EAGLE simulations. Role: Professor of Galaxy Formation and IGM Research Affiliation: Leiden Observatory, Faculty of Science Research & Group His group includes current PhD candidates (e.g., Jeger Broxterman, William McDonald) and postdocs (e.g., Victor Forouhar Moreno). Former students include Roi Kugel and Jorryt Matthee. Active collaborations involve MUSE surveys and Athena X-ray instrumentation. Awards Appointed member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in 2025, recognizing his contributions to astrophysics. Teaching Teaches the Spring 2025 MSc course Large-scale structure and galaxy formation .