جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Neural Plasticity
• Language Processing
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Professor Gesa Hartwigsen is a leading cognitive neuroscientist holding dual appointments as Professor for Cognitive and Biological Psychology at Leipzig University and Lise Meitner Research Group Leader at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS). She leads the Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, focusing on neural networks for higher cognitive functions, adaptive plasticity in cognition, and language network reorganization after stroke. Her educational background includes: Studies of Psychology (Dipl.-Psych., 2001-2006) at Kiel University PhD in Neurology (Dr. phil., 2007-2010) at Kiel University Habilitation in Psychology (2018) at University of Potsdam Hartwigsen's research spans cognitive neuroscience with particular emphasis on language processing, neural plasticity, and brain stimulation techniques. Her work investigates how brain networks support semantic cognition, how they adapt following neurological damage, and how they change across the lifespan. She employs advanced methodologies including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), functional MRI, and concurrent TMS-fMRI to establish causal relationships in neural processing. Analysis of her recent publications reveals a strong focus on language networks, executive control mechanisms, and neural plasticity. Her work increasingly integrates advanced computational approaches with neurostimulation to understand semantic processing, speech comprehension in challenging environments, and recovery from language disorders. A significant trend is her development of methodological frameworks for concurrent TMS-fMRI, establishing new standards in the field. Her notable scientific recognition includes: ERC Consolidator Grant (2023-2027) for "The Flexible Brain: (Re-)shaping Adaptation in Semantic Cognition" NVIDIA GPU grant (Titan Xp Donation) Hartwigsen has secured substantial research funding, including multiple DFG projects as Principal Investigator. Her current DFG Research Unit (2023-2026) focuses on "Modulation of brain networks for memory and learning by transcranial electrical stimulation," where she serves as PI. She has successfully led multiple interdisciplinary projects examining language networks, neural plasticity, and brain stimulation effects. At the MPI CBS, she leads the Cognition and Plasticity research group, which investigates how brain networks support cognitive functions and adapt to challenges. Her team employs a multimodal approach combining neurostimulation, neuroimaging, and behavioral methods to understand the causal architecture of cognitive networks, particularly in language processing and semantic cognition.

Kirill Djebkoمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Optimization Algorithms
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Kirill Djebko is a researcher at the Chair of Computer Science VI - Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Systems within the Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Würzburg . His work spans AI-based optimization systems , autonomous spacecraft operations , and deep reinforcement learning applications. Doctorate completed in 2020 Active in research since 2015 Key projects: KINERGY (heating system optimization), VeriKI (AI verification for space), LeLaR (AI attitude control for nanosatellites) Research focuses on metaheuristics , genetic algorithms , regression algorithms , and deep reinforcement learning for practical applications. His work integrates digital twin modeling , decision support systems , and AI robustness in industrial and space contexts. Recent publications (2024-2016) analyze heating system optimization , spacecraft fault detection , and autonomous nanosatellite operations . These studies emphasize sim-to-real-world transfer , data-driven calibration , and AI quality assurance in complex environments. Current affiliations include the Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (CAIDAS) . Contact details: Email - kirill.djebko@uni-wuerzburg.de | Phone +49 931 31-86405 | Room 03.010, Emil-Fischer-Straße 50, Würzburg.

Yale N. Pattمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Computer Architecture
• Systems and Networking
• High Performance Computing
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Yale N. Patt serves as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, holding the Ernest Cockrell, Jr. Centennial Chair in Engineering and recognized as a University Distinguished Teaching Professor at The University of Texas at Austin's Cockrell School of Engineering. His academic career spans decades with continuous teaching activity through Fall 2024 and Spring 2025 semesters. Professor Patt's research focuses on computer architecture and high-performance computing systems, specifically targeting innovations five to ten years beyond current industry capabilities. His philosophy emphasizes producing foundational knowledge for future technology development while educating students who will design tomorrow's computing systems. His work spans computer architecture, systems and networking, with particular focus on high performance substrate and microarchitecture design. His research group HPS (High Performance Systems) has made significant contributions to memory systems, branch prediction, and parallel computing architectures. Professor Patt's publications reveal consistent focus on fundamental computer architecture challenges, particularly addressing memory systems, branch prediction mechanisms, and performance optimization techniques that enable future computing systems. His work bridges theoretical innovation with practical application requirements. His exceptional contributions have been recognized with numerous prestigious awards: 2014 - Member, National Academy of Engineering 1996 - IEEE/ACM Eckert-Mauchly Award 2016 - Benjamin Franklin Medal, Franklin Institute 2000 - ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award 1995 - IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award 2013 - IEEE Harry H. Goode Award 1999 - IEEE Wallace W. McDowell Award 2011 - IEEE B. Ramakrishna Rau Award 2005 - IEEE Charles Babbage Award 2017 - Friar Centennial Teaching Fellowship (the highest teaching award at UT Austin, with recognition as the only Engineering professor to win it in the last 25 years) Professor Patt has mentored numerous PhD students throughout his career and co-authored the influential textbook 'Introduction to Computing Systems: From Bits and Gates to C and Beyond' (3rd edition, 2019). His teaching philosophy emphasizes deep understanding of computing fundamentals, reflected in his 'Ten Commandments for good teaching.' He has developed foundational courses including EE460N (Computer Architecture), EE306, and EE382N.19 (Microarchitecture), with teaching records dating back to at least 2000. He leads the High Performance Systems research group, which continues to advance computer architecture research while training the next generation of computer engineers. Workshops celebrating his 75th birthday in 2014 ('Yale@75') and 80th birthday in 2019 ('Yale:80-in-2019') demonstrate the global respect he has earned in the computer architecture community.

Nazish Tahirمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس

• Multi-Robot Systems
• Edge Computing
• Resource Optimization
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Nazish Tahir is a Lecturer at the School of Computing, University of Georgia. Her research focuses on collaborative control in multi-robot systems, edge computing applications, and intelligent algorithms for resource optimization in networked robotics. Education: PhD in Computer Science, University of Georgia Master of Science in Information Technology, Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan (2016) Her work bridges robotics, artificial intelligence, and distributed computing, with a particular emphasis on: Collaborative multi-robot task execution Edge computing frameworks for robotics Dynamic resource allocation and scheduling Human-AI supervisory control systems Recent publications highlight trends in simulation twins, communication-aware edge selection, and utility-driven task offloading. She has received awards such as the UGA Spark Award and NSF Student Travel Grant. Scientific Awards: UGA Spark Award NSF Student Travel Grant Outstanding Graduate Student Award (2023) Contact: nazish.tahir@uga.edu | Office: Boyd Research and Education Center, 200 D. W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA

Nichole Kellyمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Health Psychology
• Eating Behavior
• Body Image
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Nichole Kelly is an Evergreen Associate Professor at the College of Education , University of Oregon. She is affiliated with multiple departments including Counseling Psychology, Couples and Family Therapy, Family and Human Services, and Prevention Science. Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, Behavioral Health Psychology (2013-2016), Uniformed Services University and NIH PhD in Counseling Psychology (2013), Virginia Commonwealth University BA in Psychology (2004), University of Virginia Her research focuses on eating behaviors , body image , weight stigma , and chronic disease risk . She investigates cognitive and emotional mechanisms of eating behaviors linked to mental health and disease risk, using diverse methods such as test meals , ecological momentary assessments , and neuropsychological evaluations . Her work emphasizes understudied populations like men, rural communities, and ethnically/racially diverse groups. The 15 most recent articles reflect trends in health psychology , pediatric behavioral health , and culturally-informed interventions . Key subfields include disordered eating pathology , social media impacts , weight stigma reduction , and ecological frameworks . Her studies often integrate experimental designs , network analyses , and public health data . Labs & Teams : Leads The Renew Lab , focusing on health equity through psychological science. The lab develops interventions targeting systemic bias , health disparities , and culturally-sensitive practices .

• Autobiographical Memory
• Prospective Cognition
• Cognitive Biases in Depression
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr. Rachel Anderson is a Senior Lecturer in Psychology at the University of Hull, where she has been a faculty member since 2010. She completed her PhD at Goldsmiths, University of London in 2007 and previously held positions at Leeds Beckett University and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience. Her academic affiliations include: Department of Psychology, University of Hull Centre for Psychological Science Cognition and Development Research Group Dr. Anderson's research primarily focuses on the intersection of memory and future thinking, with particular emphasis on how these cognitive processes are affected in emotional disorders like depression. Her work explores several key areas: The cognitive processes underlying memory and future thinking, including their similarities and differences The functional purpose of memory and future thinking in relation to sense of self, psychological well-being, and goal-oriented behavior The relationship between memory/future thinking impairments and psychological distress The role of these cognitive processes in chronic health conditions such as Parkinson's disease Potential therapeutic applications of memory and future thinking for promoting psychological and physical well-being Dr. Anderson has published extensively from 2007-2024, with recent work focusing on emotional anticipation in depression, visual imagery effects on memory, and physical activity memories. Her publications reveal a consistent research trajectory examining how memory and future thinking interact with emotional states, particularly in depressive disorders, with significant implications for understanding cognitive mechanisms underlying emotional disorders. Dr. Anderson has made notable contributions to understanding how episodic simulation affects future expectancies, how memory biases operate in depression, and how visual imagery influences both prospective and autobiographical memory processes. Her work bridges fundamental cognitive psychology with clinical applications. As an educator and mentor, Dr. Anderson actively supervises PhD students whose research aligns with her interests in false memories, autobiographical memory, and emotional disorders. She has successfully guided multiple students to completion while maintaining an active research program.

Julie G. Allicksonمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Regenerative Medicine
• Cell Therapy
• Tissue Engineering
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Julie G. Allickson, Ph.D., serves as Associate Professor of Regenerative Medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science. She holds multiple leadership roles including Consultant in the Division of Transfusion Medicine within the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Director of the Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Allickson also serves as the Otto Bremer Trust Director of Biomanufacturing and Product Development for the Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics (2021-present) and previously held the position of Michael S. and Mary Sue Shannon Family Director of the Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics (2021-2024). Dr. Allickson joined Mayo Clinic from Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine where she was Chief Manufacturing Development Center Officer. With over 25 years of experience in clinical translation of cellular therapies and regenerative medicine products, she brings extensive expertise in regulatory affairs, strategic planning, project management, and team building to her role. Her research interests focus on addressing unmet patient needs, particularly for top-of-the-pyramid care, executing biomanufacturing strategies for novel cures, engaging with industry to commercialize discoveries, and facilitating translation of regenerative medicine products including cell therapy, tissue engineering, biomaterials, and devices. Dr. Allickson promotes collaboration with Mayo Clinic's Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center to develop and deliver regenerative biotherapies. Dr. Allickson's publication record demonstrates consistent contributions to regenerative medicine, with recent work focusing on biomanufacturing capacity, stem cell therapy development, and clinical translation of regenerative technologies. Her research portfolio spans from fundamental stem cell biology to clinical applications, with particular emphasis on mesenchymal stromal cells, pluripotent stem cell therapies, and manufacturing considerations for clinical applications. Vice chair, Cord Blood Association Quality Standards Committee (2017-present) Scientific advisor, Regenerative Outcomes Foundation (2016-present) Editorial board, CellR4 (2015-present) Technical advisory board, Tissue Engineered Products, International Council for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation (2015-present) International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy: Commercialization Committee (2014-present), Founding member (1992-present) American Association of Blood Banks: Member (1989-present), Board of directors (2016-2020) Dr. Allickson has directed enterprise-wide biomanufacturing strategy at Mayo Clinic with the goal of introducing new regenerative therapeutics into clinical practice, particularly for rare and complex conditions requiring specialized, best-in-class care. Her work focuses on making new regenerative treatments available to patients worldwide, including those in underserved communities, through strategic alliances with academia, industry, and government agencies.

Lisa M. Bedoreمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Bilingual Language Acquisition
• Developmental Language Disorders (DLD)
• Speech-Language Pathology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Lisa M. Bedore is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Temple University's College of Public Health. She also serves as Undergraduate Program Director and leads the HABLA (Human Abilities in Bilingual Language Acquisition) Lab. A certified speech-language pathologist, her work bridges clinical practice, research, and education in bilingual language development. PhD in Audiology and Speech Sciences, Purdue University MA in Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University BA in Speech Pathology/Audiology and Spanish, San Diego State University Her research focuses on how children integrate linguistic information across domains, particularly in bilingual contexts and developmental language disorders (DLD). Key contributions include developing assessment tools like the Bilingual English Spanish Assessment (BESA) and establishing clinical markers for DLD in multilingual populations. Current work examines grammatical difficulties across Spanish, English, and Mandarin, and their implications for literacy development. Recent publications highlight trends in bilingual home environment effects on literacy, nonword repetition tasks as diagnostic tools, and cross-linguistic cognitive flexibility studies. Findings emphasize the interaction between language exposure, cognitive skills, and cultural context in bilingual development. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for over 20 years Lisa's grantsmanship includes NIH funding for longitudinal studies on bilingualism and DLD. She teaches undergraduate courses like Introduction to Communication Disorders and graduate courses in health research grantsmanship. The HABLA Lab maintains an extensive database on bilingual children's language skills, informing theoretical models and clinical interventions.

• Accounting
• Auditing
• Corporate Governance
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Chan Li is an Associate Professor of Business Administration at the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, specializing in the Accounting department. She teaches courses in Accounting Information Systems and Managerial Accounting. Education: PhD in Business Administration (Accounting) MS in Management Information, University of Kansas Research Focus: Chan Li's work primarily examines the economic consequences of auditing, internal control systems, and corporate governance frameworks. Key themes include: Effectiveness of SOX-mandated internal control reporting Operational impacts of financial control deficiencies Auditor professionalism under fee pressures and client relationships Corporate governance adaptations post-control failures Information technology's role in audit compliance Publication Analysis: Her 12 most recent articles (2009-2017) reveal consistent focus on audit quality determinants, SOX regulatory effects, and governance-correction mechanisms. Over 75% of publications investigate auditor behavior under regulatory constraints, while 58% analyze operational consequences of control weaknesses. Emerging themes include technology-audit intersections and international regulatory comparisons.

Ben Z. Stangerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Pancreatic Cancer
• Cellular Plasticity
• Tumor Immunology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Ben Z. Stanger, M.D., Ph.D. is the Hanna Wise Professor in Cancer Research at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, with appointments in the Department of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology. He serves as Director of the Penn Pancreatic Cancer Research Center (PCRC) and is an active member of the Abramson Cancer Center, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine. His laboratory is housed in the Biomedical Research Building II/III on the Penn campus in Philadelphia. Education: SB (Life Sciences) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988 MD and PhD (Genetics) from Harvard Medical School, 1997 Dr. Stanger's research focuses on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is poised to become the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. His laboratory investigates how pancreatic tumors metastasize early in disease progression and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities through studies of the tumor microenvironment, metabolism, cellular plasticity, and metastasis biology. His team employs genetically engineered mouse models that recapitulate human disease features, functional genomics, epigenetic analyses, and advanced in vitro culture systems. Analysis of Dr. Stanger's recent publications (2019-2024) reveals a consistent focus on pancreatic cancer biology with increasing emphasis on tumor immunology and therapeutic resistance mechanisms. His research has evolved from fundamental studies of tumor-stroma interactions toward more translational investigations of KRAS inhibition, immune microenvironment regulation, and cellular reprogramming in cancer. Recent work demonstrates how tumor plasticity drives resistance to immunotherapy and how metabolic adaptations allow cancer cells to survive nutrient-deprived conditions. Dr. Stanger maintains an active laboratory with diverse personnel including postdoctoral researchers, graduate students, research specialists, and administrative support. His lab has published in high-impact journals including Nature Communications, Cancer Discovery, Cancer Research, and Science. In addition to his research, Dr. Stanger has authored the book "From One Cell: A Journey into Life's Origins and the Future of Medicine" which explores embryonic development through the lens of scientific history. Research Team: Principal Investigator: Ben Stanger, MD, PhD Research Specialists: Chenghua Yang (Lab Manager), Lily Watson (Assistant Lab Manager) Research Coordinator: Sean O'Connor Postdoctoral Researchers: Austin Good, Cole Edwards, Feiyan Mo, Minh Than Graduate/Post-Graduate Students: Erin Hollander, Benjamin Kahn, Jayne McDevitt, Margo Orlen, William Sullivan, Jane Xie Undergraduate Researcher: Shreya Nair Executive Administrator: Fran Tucker

Ronald C. Arkinمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Artificial Intelligence
• Robotics
• Robot Ethics
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Regents' Professor Ronald C. Arkin is a leading figure in robotics and AI at the School of Interactive Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology . He directs the Mobile Robot Laboratory and serves as Associate Dean for Research in the College of Computing. His work bridges autonomy , ethical decision-making , and human-robot interaction . Ph.D. in Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1987) Former STINT Visiting Professor at KTH Stockholm (1997-1998) Sabbatical Chair at Sony Intelligence Dynamics Laboratory (2005) Member of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Group at LAAS/CNRS (2005-2006) Arkin's research focuses on robot ethics , autonomous agents , and multi-robot coordination . He explores the integration of moral emotions and ethical frameworks in robotic systems, particularly for applications in patient-caregiver mediation and subterranean exploration . His work also addresses deception mechanisms and formal performance guarantees for autonomous missions. Recent publications highlight advancements in heterogeneous robot teams for DARPA challenges, multi-modal control interfaces , and bio-inspired deception . His research spans artificial circadian systems , robotic nudges , and legal mediation in human-robot interactions. Regents' Professor, Georgia Institute of Technology Arkin has advised numerous projects on robot ethics and autonomous systems , contributing to grants like the 2018 EAGER award for Misdirection in Robot Teams . He leads the Mobile Robot Laboratory , developing frameworks for robotic autonomy and ethical governance in diverse environments.

• Child Development
• Sensory-Motor Development
• Emotion Comprehension
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Edouard Gentaz is a Professor in the Psychology Section of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of Geneva (UNIGE). He leads the Sensory-Motor, Affective and Social Development Laboratory (SMAS), where he conducts research on child development with particular focus on sensory-motor, emotional, and social aspects across typical and atypical developmental trajectories. His research interests span multiple domains of developmental psychology, with emphasis on emotion comprehension in children , tactile exploration skills , social-emotional development , and intervention strategies for children with developmental challenges including autism spectrum disorders, preterm infants, and children with intellectual disabilities. His methodological approach frequently employs eye-tracking technology to assess socio-emotional capabilities in populations with communication limitations. Gentaz's publication record shows consistent productivity with 78 publications spanning two decades, with recent work focusing on screen time effects on young children, emotion training interventions, and sensory processing in neurodevelopmental conditions. His collaborative approach is evident in publications addressing practical applications in educational settings and healthcare contexts. His scientific contributions include research on: Early social-emotional abilities in infants and toddlers Development of emotion discrimination across childhood Interventions for preterm children's emotional and executive competences Multisensory perception in neurodevelopmental disorders Impact of digital media on young children's development Gentaz has supervised 120 academic works, indicating significant mentorship activity. His research demonstrates strong translational potential with applications in educational settings, clinical interventions, and parenting guidance, particularly regarding screen exposure for very young children.

Tomas Janeliūnasمشاهده پروفایل

استاد پژوهشی

• International Relations
• Foreign Policy Analysis
• Security Studies
• +۱ مورد دیگر

Prof. Tomas Janeliūnas is a Research Professor at the Department of International Relations, Vilnius University Institute of International Relations and Political Science (IIRPS). He has taught at IIRPS since 2003 and served as department head from 2013–2018. His research spans International Relations , Foreign Policy Analysis , Security Studies , and Energy Policy . PhD in Political Science (Vilnius University, 2006) Editor-in-Chief of Politologija (2009–2020) and Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review (2007–2014) Contributor to IQ journal (2010–2019) His research projects include: Grybauskaitė’s Doctrine (2018–2019) on Lithuanian foreign policy Energy Union Priorities (2019–2020) in Central/Eastern Europe NATO’s Northeast Quartet (2018) for Baltic-Polish defense Russian Development Scenarios (2015–2016) for regional security His publications and projects focus on small state foreign policy , energy security , and military cooperation in the Baltic region. He has also served as an expert for the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) and Lithuania’s Parliamentary National Security Committee.

Paul J. Littonمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Moral Philosophy
• Criminal Law Theory
• Bioethics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Paul J. Litton is a Professor and Dean of the University of Missouri School of Law , where he has served since 2006. He holds a JD and PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, earned through its Joint Program in Law and Philosophy, and received the Lynn Lukens Moore Prize in Jurisprudence. BA, University of Pennsylvania ('94) JD, University of Pennsylvania Law School ('99) PhD, University of Pennsylvania ('03) His research focuses on moral philosophy , criminal law theory , and bioethics , particularly the intersection of moral and criminal responsibility. Recent work examines psychopathy, traumatic brain injury, and implications of neuroscience for legal standards. He co-chaired Missouri’s Death Penalty Assessment Team (2010–12), advocating for evidence-based legal reforms. Analysis of Paul Litton’s publications reveals interdisciplinary trends combining criminal law , neuroscience , bioethics , and constitutional theory . Key themes include responsibility thresholds, mental capacity, and the moral-legal divide in medical contexts. Shook Hardy & Bacon Award for Excellence in Research (twice) Gold Chalk Award, University of Missouri Graduate Professional Council Husch Blackwell Distinguished Faculty Award for Teaching Litton teaches Criminal Law , Criminal Procedure , and Bioethics & Law . While no specific lab or team is mentioned, his work bridges legal scholarship with empirical psychology and neuroscience.

• Wireless Communication
• Machine Learning
• Signal Processing
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Haris Gačanin is a faculty member at RWTH Aachen University, affiliated with the Institute for Distributed Signal Processing under the College of Electrical Engineering. His research focuses on integrating machine learning with wireless communication systems, particularly in industrial IoT, edge computing, and network optimization. Current academic rank: Professor Contact: harisg@dsp.rwth-aachen.de Research Interests: Wireless systems, machine learning, signal processing, and network optimization. Key contributions include: Adaptive resource allocation in IIoT and vehicular networks AI-driven channel estimation and feedback mechanisms Security-oriented emitter identification via metric learning Federated/transfer learning for edge environments Hardware-efficient deep learning models for mmWave and THz communications Methodological Focus: Combines reinforcement learning, attention mechanisms, and robust neural architectures with practical implementations on FPGA and vehicular systems.