جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Abhishek Jainمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Cryptography
• Computer Security
• Privacy
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Abhishek Jain is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University and a Senior Scientist at NTT Research. He is affiliated with the Data Science and AI Institute, the Information Security Institute, and the Algorithms and Complexity group. University: Johns Hopkins University Department: Computer Science Academic Rank: Associate Professor Institutional Roles: Co-director of the Advanced Research in Cryptography group, member of the Theory Group, and co-leader of the Cryptography Group Education: Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California Los Angeles (2012), advised by Amit Sahai and Rafail Ostrovsky. Recipient of the Symantec Outstanding Graduate Student Award during his Ph.D. Research Interests Cryptography Secure computation Proof systems Program obfuscation Privacy Blockchain Theoretical computer science Research Trends: His recent publications emphasize cryptographic protocols for homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proofs, and secure multi-party computation, alongside applications in blockchain and privacy-preserving systems. Key themes include scalability, verifiable evaluation, and adapting cryptographic techniques to dynamic and distributed environments. Scientific Awards 2020 NSF CAREER Award Best Paper Awards at Eurocrypt and the International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques Advising & Grants: Mentors Ph.D. students and interns/postdocs at NTT Research. Research funded by NSF, DARPA, JP Morgan, Ethereum Foundation, Stellar, Cisco, Samsung, and JHU Catalyst awards. Labs & Teams: Co-leads the Cryptography Group at Johns Hopkins, participates in the DC Area Crypto Day, and organizes the weekly Theory Seminar. Collaborates with institutions including MIT CSAIL, BUSEC, and Microsoft Research New England.

Walter Leal Filhoمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Climate Change
• Sustainability
• Environmental Management
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Prof. Walter Leal Filho is a distinguished academic and researcher holding professorial positions at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and Manchester Metropolitan University (UK). He is the founding director of the European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR) and the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme (IUSDRP). With over 30 years of editorial experience, he has authored over 500 publications, focusing on sustainability, climate change, and environmental management. His research interests span Climate Change, Urban Resilience, Natural Resource Management, and Sustainability Education. He emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches to address global challenges, such as space debris mitigation and bio-based materials for sustainable packaging. His work bridges policy, education, and practical solutions for sustainable development. Prof. Leal Filho’s recent articles highlight trends in sustainable urban planning, space sustainability, and ecosystem conservation in the Amazon. He has been recognized as a Top Cited Scholar 2024, reflecting his impactful contributions. With 1,200+ co-authors and a global network, he collaborates widely, fostering international research and education initiatives. As director of ESSSR and IUSDRP, he leads programs advancing sustainability science and interdisciplinary research. His academic leadership and prolific publications underscore his role as a pivotal figure in global sustainability efforts.

• Digital Journalism
• Fact-checking
• Media Platforms
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Oscar Westlund serves as Professor at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies within the Faculty of Social Sciences at Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), where he co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group. He maintains a secondary appointment at the University of Gothenburg and acts as Editor-in-Chief of Digital Journalism . His research spans digital journalism, fact-checking, platform dynamics, media management, news consumption, and mobile media. Westlund's scholarly focus centers on journalism safety in digital environments, sociotechnical dimensions of misinformation combat, and platform-induced challenges for news organizations. His work examines professional fragilities of journalists, epistemological foundations of data journalism, and legitimacy paradoxes in public service media-platform relationships. Current projects address disinformation countermeasures through the SCAM initiative (Source Criticism And Mediated Disinformation). Analysis of his 2022-2024 publications reveals dominant themes: journalism safety frameworks (33%), platform-journalism tensions (27%), and fact-checking as sociotechnical practice (23%). Key methodological approaches include cross-national comparative studies, epistemological analysis, and practice theory applied to digital news production. Westlund actively contributes to academic discourse through editorial leadership at Digital Journalism and special issue guest editing. His research group coordinates interdisciplinary collaboration on digital journalism studies, while the SCAM project develops practical methodologies for disinformation detection in democratic contexts. Recent work demonstrates increasing emphasis on mobile news ecosystems and journalist safety cultures. He co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group, which investigates platform impacts on news production, mobile journalism evolution, and epistemological shifts in data-driven reporting. The group maintains strong international partnerships, particularly with Swedish institutions through his University of Gothenburg affiliation.

Peninah Murageمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Environmental Epidemiology
• Climate Change
• Health Geography
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr Peninah Murage is an Assistant Professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the Department of Public Health, Environments and Society under the Faculty of Public Health and Policy. She specializes in environmental epidemiology with a PhD in Health Geography and focuses on health impacts of environmental changes, particularly climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Affiliation: Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health Her research explores climate change effects on health outcomes like heat-related mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive development in children. She integrates GIS/spatial analysis with public health and policy frameworks to identify nature-based solutions for sustainable development. Current work examines systemic inequalities in heat risk exposure and interventions such as tree-based strategies in low-income settings. Key grants include: Health Protection Research Unit on Climate Change and Health Security (2025-2030, NIHR) Climate Change and Non-Communicable Diseases in Senegal (2024-2027) Pathfinder 2: Accelerating Climate Action for Health (2023-2026) She actively contributes to the Lancet Pathfinder Commission and serves on the Executive Committee of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (African Chapter).

Shaun Beattieمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Marine Conservation
• Seaweed Conservation
• Sustainable Development Goals
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Shaun Beattie is a Researcher affiliated with the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) at the University of the Highlands and Islands . His work focuses on marine conservation , seaweed biodiversity , and aligning research with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals . Education : Master of Science in Ecological Economics (University of Leeds, 2019), Bachelor of Science in Economics and Management Science (University of Southampton, 2018) Beattie's research explores the intersection of seaweed conservation , policy development , and ecosystem resilience . He contributes to global initiatives addressing biodiversity gaps in international frameworks and investigates the role of seaweeds in human health and marine habitats. His recent 2025 publications analyze seaweed conservation policies in Malaysia, stakeholder perspectives from Indonesia, and systemic gaps in biodiversity strategies. Shaun's work also spans climate-smart agricultural policy , as seen in his 2021 Sustainability review on nutrition integration in Southern Africa. His research outputs are linked to SDG targets like life below water, climate action, and zero hunger.

Enrica Dall'Araمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Practice-based research
• Public space design
• Urban renewal
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dr. Enrica Dall'Ara serves as the Associate Dean of Planning and Landscape Architecture and an Associate Professor at the University of Calgary's School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape. Her work bridges academic research and professional practice, exemplified through her firm PARC, which specializes in public space design, urban renewal, and the rehabilitation of industrial sites. She emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, integrating fields like environmental engineering and biology into landscape architecture. Education: Laurea in Architettura (Master Degree equivalent in Architecture), University of Ferrara, Italy Master in Landscape Architecture, ETSAB, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain PhD in Landscape Design, University of Florence, Italy Research Interests: Dr. Dall'Ara focuses on practice-based research, public space design, service landscapes, and the integration of cultural advocacy into landscape architecture. Her work explores site-specific design solutions, the role of agriculture in urban-rural dynamics, and the preservation of traditional rural landscapes. She advocates for designs that serve life through poetic, functional, and culturally sensitive approaches. Contributions: Through her teaching, Dall'Ara encourages students to view design as research, fostering critical thinking and interdisciplinary dialogue. Her firm’s projects, such as the roundabout gardens in Imola, Italy, demonstrate her commitment to merging ecological, functional, and aesthetic considerations in landscape interventions. Professional Affiliations: Canadian Society of Landscape Architects (CSLA) Alberta Association of Landscape Architects (AALA) Associazione Italiana di Architettura del Paesaggio (AIAPP) Ordine degli Architetti, Pianificatori, Paesaggisti e Conservatori (Province of Forlì-Cesena, Italy)

Subodha Kumarمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Blockchain
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Subodha Kumar is the Paul R. Anderson Distinguished Chair Professor of Statistics, Operations, and Data Science at Temple University’s Fox School of Business. He serves as the Founding Director of the Center for Business Analytics and Disruptive Technologies and has a secondary appointment in Information Systems. His roles include Ph.D. Program Concentration Director for Operations and Supply Chain Management. With over 240 publications, he ranks #1 globally in Information Systems Research publishing and holds a robotics patent. His research focuses on AI, blockchain, healthcare analytics, and cybersecurity, with notable contributions to digital transformation and operations management. Awards include the INFORMS ISS Distinguished Fellow and POMS Fellow. He advises major journals like Production and Operations Management and organizes conferences like POMS 2018. Media mentions span NYT, WSJ, and CBS. Education: University of Washington faculty Texas A&M University faculty Research Interests: Dr. Kumar explores AI applications, blockchain in fintech, healthcare system optimization, and supply chain analytics. He investigates cybersecurity’s operational impacts and data mining strategies. His work bridges theory and practice, addressing challenges in digital transformation and platform economies. Publications Trends: Recent work emphasizes digital platforms (e.g., blockchain adoption, telemedicine impact), organizational behavior (real-time feedback systems), and healthcare operations (personalized treatment algorithms). He frequently collaborates internationally, with studies appearing in Management Science, Information Systems Research, and Decision Sciences. Awards & Recognition: Changjiang Scholars Chair (China) ISB Visiting Professorship POMS Executive Editor Grants & Labs: Secured NIH grants for health analytics projects. Leads Temple’s analytics center fostering industry partnerships. Active in editorial roles (e.g., Production and Operations Management Journal Deputy Editor). Teaching: Offers courses in data science, optimization methods, and innovation entrepreneurship at graduate/undergraduate levels.

Herb Linمشاهده پروفایل

استاد پژوهشی

• Cybersecurity Policy
• Information Warfare
• Nuclear Security
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Herb Lin is the Hank J. Holland Fellow in Cyber Policy and Security at the Hoover Institution and Senior Research Scholar for Cyber Policy and Security at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC), both at Stanford University. He also serves as Chief Scientist, Emeritus for the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies, where he worked from 1990 to 2014, and as Adjunct Senior Research Scholar and Senior Fellow in Cybersecurity at Columbia University's Saltzman Institute for War and Peace Studies. Dr. Lin received his doctorate in physics from MIT, providing him with a strong technical foundation that informs his policy work at the intersection of technology and national security. His academic background bridges the gap between deep technical understanding and policy application in the cybersecurity domain. Dr. Lin's research focuses on the policy dimensions of cybersecurity and cyberspace, with particular emphasis on offensive cyber operations as instruments of national policy, information warfare, and influence operations affecting national security. His work addresses critical challenges at the intersection of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and their implications for nuclear security, election integrity, and democratic processes. He has been instrumental in analyzing how cyber capabilities are transforming traditional security paradigms and how policy frameworks must adapt to these changes. His extensive publication record reveals a consistent focus on the evolving relationship between cyber capabilities and national security strategy. Lin's work demonstrates increasing attention to the implications of artificial intelligence for warfare, the vulnerabilities created by quantum computing for current cryptographic systems, and the growing threat of cyber-enabled information warfare to democratic institutions. His research trajectory shows a progression from traditional cybersecurity issues toward the broader implications of digital technologies for national and international security. Member of Science and Security Board of Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Served on President Obama's Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity (2016) Regular congressional testimony on cybersecurity matters Contributor to Stanford Emerging Technology Review As a mentor and collaborator, Dr. Lin works extensively with policymakers, military officials, and technology experts to translate complex cybersecurity concepts into actionable policy recommendations. His approach emphasizes practical solutions to emerging threats while recognizing the technical limitations and policy constraints that shape real-world security outcomes. Dr. Lin is associated with multiple research initiatives including Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation and the Stanford Emerging Technology Review, which aim to connect technological advances with policy considerations for national security decision-makers.

• Forest Ecology
• Global Change Biology
• Root Ecology
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Ina Christin Meier serves as Head of Department and Head of Research Unit for Functional Forest Ecology at the University of Hamburg, within the Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences. She is affiliated with the Institute of Wood Sciences (Institut für Holzwissenschaften) in the Department of Biology, where she leads research on forest ecosystem responses to global environmental changes at Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg. Dr. Meier's research focuses on the impacts of global change factors —including increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration, summer drought, nitrogen deposition, and intensified management—on the biogeochemistry and biodiversity of temperate, boreal, Mediterranean, and global forest biomes. Her work spans functional ecology of forest trees and grasslands , interactions between roots, mycorrhizal fungi and soil , ecophysiology , and long-term changes in forest ecosystems . She has made significant contributions to understanding root carbon allocation, tropical forest responses to climate change, and the role of mycorrhizal relationships in forest ecosystems. Analysis of Dr. Meier's publication record reveals a strong emphasis on belowground ecology and global change biology , with particular attention to root systems across diverse biomes. Her research bridges plant physiology, ecosystem ecology, and climate science, often synthesizing data from multiple studies to identify broader patterns. She frequently investigates how carbon allocation to root exudates affects soil sequestration and drought response, and has developed important frameworks for understanding root trait responses to multiple global change drivers. Dr. Meier actively collaborates with international research teams across continents. Her work on Nature's Contributions to People has demonstrated that securing essential ecosystem services requires maintaining at least 20-25% semi-natural habitat in human-modified landscapes. She also investigates the chemical complexity of root exudates and their ecological significance, contributing methodological advances to this challenging area of research.

Carola Weilمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• International Relations
• Human Security
• Migration
• +۸ مورد دیگر

Dr. Carola Weil serves as Dean of McGill University's School of Continuing Studies and Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science since July 2018, following leadership roles as founding Dean at American University and Senior Associate Dean at USC's Annenberg School. Her educational background includes: Post-Doctoral Fellowship, University of Southern California School of International Service Post-Doctoral Fellowship, Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government Belfer Center Ph.D. and M.A. in Political Science, University of Maryland Master of Public Management, University of Maryland B.A. in History (Minor in Politics), Bryn Mawr College Dr. Weil's research centers on human security, migration, and conflict transformation with specialized expertise in gender dynamics in international relations and public diplomacy . Her work bridges policy analysis and practical applications in humanitarian intervention, while her recent focus explores lifelong learning systems and the impact of digital technologies on adult education , addressing evolving workforce demands through innovative educational frameworks. Her publication trajectory reveals a strategic evolution from foundational work on women in international security (1990s) to contemporary analyses of digital media diversity and global communication challenges in higher education. Early scholarship examined military intervention dilemmas in humanitarian crises, later pivoting toward systemic analyses of information ecosystems and educational accessibility in the digital age. Dr. Weil co-founded Women In International Security (WIIS) and serves on multiple non-profit boards, leveraging her dual German-American citizenship and multilingual capabilities to advance organizational development initiatives. Her peacebuilding consultancy spans Pakistan, Afghanistan, Darfur, Colombia, and the African Great Lakes region with specific attention to gender-inclusive journalism practices. Her leadership extends to advising on global strategy for technology-enhanced education and future workforce development, though no formal student advisement lists or grant details appear in the source material.

Martina Artmannمشاهده پروفایل

استاد پژوهشی

• Urban Ecosystem Services
• Green Infrastructure
• Urban Human-Nature Interactions
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Martina Artmann is a Research Professor in Green Infrastructure at the University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Germany. She leads the Leibniz Junior Research Group URBNANCE on Urban Human-Nature Resonance at the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) in Dresden. Her work spans urban ecology, green infrastructure, and sustainability transformation, with a focus on human-nature interactions in cities. PhD in Natural Sciences, University of Salzburg & Bavarian Academy for Nature Protection MSc in Landscape, Regional and Urban Management, University of Salzburg BSc in Agricultural Science, University of Hohenheim Her research centers on urban ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and edible cities as nature-based solutions for urban sustainability. She investigates how urban agriculture, soil sealing, and green space planning contribute to resilient cities. Her work integrates transdisciplinary methods, citizen science, and policy evaluation to foster human-nature resonance and transformative change. Her recent publications reflect a strong trend toward systemic assessments of urban agriculture, sustainability transformation, and the role of relational values in urban ecology. Themes include edible cities, green infrastructure, urban human-nature interactions, and the integration of ecological and social dimensions in urban planning. Student Award, German IALE-D (2012–2014) Doctoral Scholarship, German Federal Foundation for Environment (DBU, 2011) TUD Young Investigator, TU Dresden (2013) Fellowships for study in China (2005) and New Zealand (DAAD) Artmann has led multiple funded research projects, including DFG’s Edible Cities, BMBF’s Future Town Dresden, and BMVI’s meinGrün. She mentors students through project-based teaching at TU Dresden and has served as a visiting professor at the University of Bucharest. She is a Review Editor for Frontiers in Environmental Science and actively contributes to academic networks such as the Society for Urban Ecology (SURE) and the China Centre for Urban Ecology (CCUE). She is involved in research labs and teams including the URBNANCE Junior Research Group at IOER and collaborates with interdisciplinary teams on urban sustainability projects. Her work emphasizes transdisciplinary research, stakeholder engagement, and the co-creation of knowledge for sustainable urban development.

Jacob Bukoskiمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Forest Carbon Sequestration
• Carbon Markets
• Biogeochemistry
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Jacob Bukoski is Assistant Professor and Director of the Forests and Climate Change graduate certificate at Oregon State University's College of Forestry. His research examines forest carbon dynamics, climate mitigation, and international forestry. Education includes: PhD in Environmental Science from UC Berkeley MS in Environmental Science from Yale University BA in Environmental Studies from UNC Chapel Hill Research focuses on carbon accumulation in forests, mangrove conservation, and climate policy integration. Teaches interdisciplinary courses on social-ecological systems and forest carbon analysis. Recent publications quantify carbon storage in global plantations and mangrove ecosystems. Current projects investigate albedo impacts on reforestation protocols and coastal conservation synergies. Directs graduate studies in Forests and Climate Change.

Sarah E. Lightمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Climate Law
• Environmental Policy
• Private Environmental Governance
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Sarah E. Light is the Mitchell J. Blutt and Margo Krody Blutt Presidential Professor and Professor of Legal Studies & Business Ethics at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. She serves as Faculty Co-Director of Wharton’s Climate Center and holds primary appointments in the Legal Studies & Business Ethics department. Her educational background includes a JD from Yale Law School (2000), an M. Phil in Politics from Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar (1997), and an AB in Social Studies, Magna Cum Laude, from Harvard University (1995). Professor Light's research examines the intersection of environmental law, corporate sustainability, and business innovation. Her work addresses how corporate law structures function as environmental law, private environmental governance through business actions (including carbon fees and financial sector decisions), and First Amendment implications of regulating greenwashing. She employs interdisciplinary approaches connecting legal doctrine with business strategy and environmental science. Her publications reveal strong trends in private environmental governance mechanisms, climate risk management in financial systems, and the evolving regulatory landscape for corporate sustainability claims. Recent work focuses on greenwashing regulation, banking sector climate action, and non-extractive corporate relationships with public lands. Penn Fellows Program (2023-2024) Multiple Wharton Teaching Excellence Awards (2018-2021) ARCS Emerging Sustainability Scholar Award (2018) Haub Environmental Law Distinguished Junior Scholar (2015) Top 20 Article in Environmental Law & Policy Annual Review (2020) Professor Light has advised numerous student groups and projects, particularly through experiential courses like 'Wharton in the Wild' where she leads field-based environmental management education. Her grant activities include leadership roles at the Wharton Climate Center and Penn Program on Regulation, with research supported by interdisciplinary initiatives focused on climate governance and business innovation. She maintains active pro bono mediation work with federal courts and community organizations. As Faculty Co-Director of the Wharton Climate Center, she leads interdisciplinary research initiatives connecting business strategy with climate solutions, fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers through conferences, publications, and executive education programs.

Jonathan P. Wongمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Military Strategy
• Military Acquisition and Procurement
• Military Budgets and Defense Spending
• +۱۳ مورد دیگر

Jonathan P. Wong is a Senior Policy Researcher at the RAND Corporation and Professor of Policy Analysis at the RAND School of Public Policy. His work bridges academic research and defense policy, focusing on military strategy, acquisition, force planning, and the integration of emerging technologies into military operations. Education: Ph.D. and M.Phil. in Policy Analysis (Pardee RAND Graduate School), M.A. in Security Studies (Georgetown University), B.A. in Political Science (UC San Diego) Professional Experience: U.S. Marine Corps infantry officer (2001–2011), Consultant at Boston Consulting Group, current RAND researcher and professor Wong’s research interests center on defense innovation, military logistics, artificial intelligence in warfare, space capabilities, and the human dimension of military operations. He has led studies on human-machine teaming, non-lethal weapons, defense acquisition reform, and U.S. military posture in the Indo-Pacific. His work emphasizes practical, policy-relevant insights grounded in operational experience. The trends in his recent publications reveal a deep engagement with modern defense challenges: integrating commercial technologies into military systems, improving acquisition agility, enhancing battlefield awareness, and ensuring that defense innovation serves warfighter needs. His research spans strategic, operational, and tactical levels, often focusing on the U.S. Army and Marine Corps. Wong has not received public recognition in the form of listed awards in the provided texts, but his leadership in congressionally mandated studies and high-impact policy research suggests significant influence in defense circles. Advising & Grants: Co-led major projects such as the Long Range Precision Fires study and research on integrating women into Marine Corps infantry. His work is frequently funded by the Department of Defense and other federal entities, though specific grant details are not listed. Wong is affiliated with RAND’s defense and national security research teams, contributing to strategic analysis and policy development. He is not associated with a formal lab but works within RAND’s collaborative research environment, often partnering with other veterans and defense experts to produce actionable insights for military leaders and policymakers.

Valerie Thomasمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Sustainability
• Energy Systems
• Industrial Ecology
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Valerie Thomas is the Anderson Interface Chair of Natural Systems at Georgia Tech, holding joint appointments in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and the School of Public Policy. Her research focuses on energy systems, sustainability, industrial ecology, and science and technology policy. She earned a B.A. in Physics from Swarthmore College and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Cornell University, followed by postdoctoral research at Carnegie Mellon and Princeton Universities. Her work addresses low-carbon transportation, environmental impacts of food systems, and energy development in Africa. Key research areas include life cycle assessment, climate policy, and technology assessment. Thomas has contributed to over 80 technical publications and serves on advisory boards for the U.S. EPA and USDA/DOE. Education: Ph.D. in Physics, Cornell University; B.A. in Physics, Swarthmore College Awards: AAAS and APS Fellowships, Georgia Tech’s 1934 Outstanding Interdisciplinary Award Her teaching spans energy policy, lifecycle analysis, and engineering economics. She leads interdisciplinary teams at the Climate and Energy Policy Laboratory and the Technology Policy and Assessment Center, advancing sustainable systems engineering and policy solutions.