Caleb Nelson

Caleb Nelson is a Clinical Professor at Harvard Medical School and an attending pediatric urologist at Boston Children’s Hospital. His research focuses on improving evidence-based practices in pediatric urology, health services delivery, and clinical outcomes for conditions like vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), kidney stones, and hydronephrosis. He leads the NIH-funded RIVUR study, a multicenter trial evaluating antibiotic prophylaxis in children with VUR, and holds an NIH K23 award for studying outcomes in siblings of children with VUR.

Education: B.A. from Dartmouth College (1992), M.D. from Duke University (1997), and an M.P.H. in epidemiology from the University of Michigan (2003). Completed residency in urology at the University of Michigan (2002), followed by a pediatric urology fellowship at Johns Hopkins (2006). He also completed an NIH-funded clinical research fellowship.

Research interests include optimizing imaging practices, antibiotic use patterns, and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) in pediatric urology through the AI-PEDURO collaborative. His work addresses disparities in care, telemedicine efficacy, and quality improvement in urological practices.

Publications (2020–2025) emphasize advancements in pediatric urology, including AI applications, antibiotic stewardship, and clinical trial methodologies. Key themes include reducing practice variation, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enhancing patient safety.

Awards: NIH K23 Career Development Award (NIDDK). Grants: RIVUR study (NIH-funded), K23 award, and multiple institutional grants.

Labs/Teams: Lead the AI-PEDURO initiative and collaborate on national research networks like the Pediatric Kidney Stone Care Improvement Network.