Find Academic Supervisors

• Numerical Modeling
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Renewable Energy Systems
• +3 more

Dr. Liang Cui is an Associate Professor at the University of Surrey , affiliated with the School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute for Sustainability . With a PhD from University College Dublin (2006) and BE (1st honor) from Tsinghua University (2002) , his career spans geotechnical research and education since joining Surrey in 2009. Key roles: Undergraduate Programme Leader (2020-2022, 2023-on), MSc Programme Leader for Advanced Geotechnical/Civil/Structural Engineering (2022-2023) Professional memberships: Chartered Engineer (CEng), Member of Institution of Civil Engineers (MICE), Fellow of Higher Education Academy (FHEA) His primary research focuses on numerical modeling (DEM/FEM) for geotechnical applications including offshore wind foundations , geothermal energy systems , methane hydrate exploitation , and extra-terrestrial soil mechanics . Secondary interests involve material characterization of polymeric foams , porous media , and biological tissues . Recent 15 publications (2023-2025) demonstrate expertise in soil-structure interaction for renewable energy infrastructure, thermal feedback in groundwater heat pumps, and hypothesis-driven DEM simulations for lunar/martian environments. Collaborative projects span institutions including Tsinghua University , University of Bristol , and Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar . Scientific Awards: Sustainability Fellow (University of Surrey, 2023) Chartered Engineer (CEng) and MICE FHEA for educational contributions Dr. Cui supervises 7 postgraduate researchers and contributes to teaching modules in soil mechanics and energy geotechnics. His work addresses challenges in hybrid marine energy systems , needleless drug delivery , and seismic resilience of critical infrastructure.

Muhammad R. HajjView profile

Professor

• Nonlinear Dynamics
• Fluid Mechanics
• Structural Dynamics
• +12 more

Muhammad R. Hajj is the George Meade Bond Professor, Chair of the Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, and Director of the Davidson Laboratory at Stevens Institute of Technology. With a distinguished career spanning over three decades, his expertise lies in nonlinear dynamics , fluid-structure interactions , and energy harvesting , applying these to ship hydrodynamics , biomimetic flight/underwater vehicles , and coastal resilience . He has mentored 32 PhD students and authored over 170 journal publications. Education PhD (1990), MS (1985), Civil Engineering , University of Texas at Austin BE (1983), Civil Engineering (with Distinction) , American University of Beirut Research Interests Dr. Hajj’s work bridges nonlinear dynamics and fluid mechanics to address challenges in structural/aeroelastic stability , bio-inspired design , and renewable energy systems . His fluid-structure interaction studies focus on ship hydrodynamics , transonic flutter , and storm surge prediction , while his energy harvesting research explores piezoelectric systems , self-powered sensors , and biomimetic energy conversion . Recent Trends in Publications His 2022-2021 publications emphasize coastal extreme weather resilience via AI-driven storm surge modeling , bio-inspired robotic fish for underwater energy harvesting , and nonlinear aeroelastic systems to enhance renewable energy extraction . Themes include high-efficiency piezoelectric designs , vortex-induced vibration control , and ultrasonic contactless power transfer , reflecting his commitment to integrating nonlinear dynamics with practical engineering applications . Scientific Honors Fellow, Engineering Mechanics Institute, ASCE Distinguished Civil Engineering Alumni (AUB, 2019) Dean’s Award for Excellence in Research (VT, 2016) Distinguished Leader in Research (VT, 2016) Excellence in Research Award (VT, 2015) Advising and Grants Dr. Hajj has supervised 32 PhD students , many of whom hold prestigious roles in academia and industry. He has secured major grants, including $1.8M from the Department of Energy for floating wave energy converters , $4.94M from the Port Authority for storm surge forecasting , and $200K from the NSF for bio-inspired telemetry energy harvesting .

Ryozo NagamuneView profile

Professor

• Control Engineering
• Control of floating offshore wind turbines and wind farms
• Control of integrated solar thermal systems
• +6 more

Ryozo Nagamune is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering within the Faculty of Applied Science at the University of British Columbia (UBC). His research focuses on control engineering with specific expertise in floating offshore wind turbines, integrated solar thermal systems, and metal additive manufacturing processes. He maintains active collaborations with NSERC, MITACS, and industry partners including Ascent Systems Technologies. Dr. Nagamune received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Osaka University, followed by a Ph.D. from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. His educational background laid the foundation for his expertise in control systems theory and applications. His primary research interests center on control engineering, with particular emphasis on the control of floating offshore wind turbines and wind farms, integrated solar thermal systems, directed energy deposition metal additive manufacturing processes, engine aftertreatment systems, and data-driven modeling and control of dynamical systems. His work addresses critical challenges in renewable energy, manufacturing, and automotive applications, focusing on optimization, robustness, and efficiency improvements. The research spans theoretical developments in control algorithms to practical implementation in real-world systems. Analysis of Dr. Nagamune's recent publications reveals a strong focus on floating offshore wind turbine control, which constitutes approximately 40% of his recent work. Another significant portion (30%) addresses automotive control systems, particularly selective catalytic reduction for emissions control. The remaining publications cover diverse applications including haptic interfaces, spacecraft control, and precision manufacturing systems. His research demonstrates a consistent pattern of applying advanced control methodologies to solve practical engineering problems across multiple domains. Dr. Nagamune leads the Control Engineering Laboratory at UBC (located in KAIS 3104) and actively seeks collaborations with industry partners, research clusters, and interdisciplinary teams. His research is supported by major funding agencies including NSERC and MITACS, as well as industry partnerships. He is available for supervision of graduate students and expresses interest in working with undergraduate students on research projects. Dr. Nagamune welcomes interdisciplinary research opportunities and is particularly interested in collaborations that bridge multiple engineering domains.

• Marine Renewable Energy
• Wind Energy Systems
• Drivetrain Design and Reliability
• +7 more

Amir R. Nejad is a Professor in the Department of Marine Technology at NTNU, leading the Marine Energy Systems and Autonomics (MESA) research group. He holds roles such as Chair of the EAWE WindEurope Scientific Track Committee and co-chair of the Drivetrain Technical Committee at the European Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE). His research focuses on stochastic design, reliability-based operation, dynamic modeling, and fault detection in marine and offshore renewable systems. Nejad is an editorial board member for journals like Wind Energy Science and Ocean Engineering , and a member of ISO committees on drivetrain health monitoring. Education: PhD in Marine Technology, NTNU (2015) MSc Subsea Engineering, University of Aberdeen (2012) BSc Mechanical Engineering, Tehran University (2009) His research interests emphasize offshore wind drivetrain reliability, condition monitoring, and digital twin applications. Recent work includes studies on blade bearing fatigue estimation, SCADA-based lifetime extension of drivetrains, and wake steering techniques in floating wind farms. Key awards include multiple 'Best Lecturer' honors at NTNU and international conference recognitions. His research has been supported by grants such as the Nowitech Fellowship and DNV Education Fund. Key Projects: Marine System Dynamics and Vibration Lab (MD Lab) oversees projects on wind turbine drivetrains, floating offshore systems, and digital twin integration. Lab/Teams: MD Lab focuses on advancing marine energy systems through experimental and computational studies.

Po Wen ChengView profile

Professor

• Wind Energy
• Aerospace Engineering
• Aerodynamics
• +6 more

Prof. Dr. Po Wen Cheng is a Professor and Head of the Stuttgart Chair of Wind Energy (SWE) at the Institute of Aircraft Design, University of Stuttgart. His research focuses on wind energy systems, including floating offshore wind turbines, lidar applications in wind farm control, and structural dynamics of renewable energy systems. He leads interdisciplinary projects addressing challenges in mooring systems, aeroelastic analysis, and noise mitigation. Key areas of expertise include aerodynamic load optimization, lidar-assisted control strategies, and numerical modeling of wind farm interactions. His work integrates advanced machine learning techniques for predictive maintenance and performance enhancement. Cheng collaborates with international institutions and participates in high-profile wind energy initiatives like the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm study. Teaching: Courses on Wind Turbine Design and Wind Energy Utilization Research Labs: Stuttgart Chair of Wind Energy, Institute of Aircraft Design Recent Projects: Scaled Flight Demonstrator e-Genius-Mod, Passively Self-Adjusting Floating Wind Farms, Lidar-Based Virtual Sensors His research emphasizes sustainable energy transitions, with particular attention to offshore wind infrastructure and turbulence mitigation in complex environments.

Gregorio IglesiasView profile

Professor

• Marine Renewable Energy
• Coastal Engineering
• Wave Energy Conversion
• +5 more

Prof. Gregorio Iglesias is a Professor of Marine Renewable Energy at University College Cork (UCC) and Honorary Professor of Coastal Engineering at the University of Plymouth. His expertise lies in Marine Renewable Energy and Coastal Engineering, with a focus on wave and tidal energy systems, offshore wind integration, and coastal protection strategies. He has secured over €12M in research funding as Principal Investigator and authored/edited key texts such as Wave and Tidal Energy (Wiley) and Ocean Energy and Coastal Protection (Springer). Education: BEng (Civil Engineering, 1992), MEng (Civil Engineering, 1993), PhD (Engineering, 2001). Research Interests: Advanced modeling of wave energy converters, floating offshore wind turbines, coastal erosion mitigation, and climate change impacts on marine energy resources. His work bridges theoretical advancements and practical applications, including coasts like the Port of Gijón (Spain) and the Shannon Estuary. Recent publications highlight climate-driven renewable energy transitions, multi-hazard coastal resilience frameworks, and techno-economic assessments of offshore systems. He chairs the IEC Standards panel for wave energy device testing and serves as Subject Editor for Energy (Elsevier) . Professional Activities: Lead of Marine Renewable Energy research at MaREI (Ireland), former Head of the COAST Engineering Group at Plymouth (2012–2018), and member of PIANC’s Universities Consortium. His work has generated 5,459 citations with an h-index of 41. Teaching: Delivers modules on Ocean Energy (NE4003/NE6005) and Hydraulics (CE3007).

Paul LeahyView profile

Lecturer

• Wind Energy
• Renewable Energy
• Circular Economy
• +4 more

Dr. Paul Leahy is a Lecturer in Wind Energy Engineering at University College Cork (UCC) and a funded investigator in the SFI MaREI Centre for Energy, Climate, and Marine Research. He leads research on wind energy, circular economy applications for decommissioned turbine blades, and climate change impacts. His work includes the Re-Wind project, a transdisciplinary initiative funded by SFI, NSF, and Northern Ireland's Department for the Economy. He co-supervises six PhD students and has examined over 20 theses globally. Education: BE Electrical Engineering (1995), PhD Electrical Engineering (2001), Postgraduate Certificate in Teaching & Learning in Higher Education (2018). Research & Awards: Research focuses on wind energy forecasting, energy storage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Notable awards include the Environmental Research Letters' 2013 Highlight and an ISI Highly Cited Paper (2012). He contributed to IPCC Special Reports on climate change mitigation and co-edits Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. Grants & Projects: Secured €320,000 for Re-Wind and led multiple EU, EPA, and industry-funded projects. Current research includes lifecycle assessments of repurposed turbine blades and hydrogen production via offshore wind. Teaching & Outreach: Coordinates modules like NE6003 Wind Energy Engineering and contributes to energy systems education. Engages in public lectures and policy initiatives like Energy Cork Cluster leadership. Labs & Teams: Collaborates with multidisciplinary teams on infrastructure repurposing (e.g., BladeBridges) and climate adaptation strategies for agriculture and peatlands.

Doeun ChoeView profile

Assistant Professor

• Artificial Intelligence
• Deep Learning
• Probabilistic Modeling
• +5 more

Doeun Choe is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at New Mexico State University, where he has been serving since January 2021. His expertise spans the intersection of civil engineering, artificial intelligence, and structural reliability with applications to critical infrastructure systems. Education: Ph.D. in Civil Engineering/Structures (2007, Texas A&M University) M.S. in Architectural Engineering/Structural Engineering (2002, Inha University, South Korea) B.S. in Architectural Engineering (2000, Inha University, South Korea) Research Focus: Dr. Choe's work integrates Artificial Intelligence methodologies with traditional structural engineering to solve complex infrastructure challenges. His research in Probabilistic Modeling & Structural Reliability addresses corrosion effects on bridges and coastal structures, while his recent work focuses on Deep Learning applications for structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbines. The AISSRR research group he leads develops innovative approaches to enhance infrastructure resilience against extreme environmental conditions including seismic events and climate change impacts. Publication Trends: Dr. Choe's scholarly output demonstrates an evolving research trajectory from foundational reliability analysis (2008-2009 publications on corrosion effects) to advanced AI applications (2019-2021 work on deep learning for structural monitoring). His publications consistently address structural safety challenges through computational methods, with increasing emphasis on renewable energy infrastructure systems in recent years. The research spans civil engineering, computer science, and materials science disciplines. Academic Leadership: Dr. Choe leads the Artificial Intelligence for Structural Safety, Risk, & Reliability (AISSRR) research group at NMSU and has developed specialized coursework including the 'Artificial Intelligence for Civil Engineers' series (Machine Learning in Fall 2023 and Deep Learning in Spring 2024), which produces student projects applying AI techniques to real-world civil engineering problems.

• Fluid Power
• Additive Manufacturing
• Smart Manufacturing
• +4 more

Dr. José Garcia-Bravo is an Associate Professor at the Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, specializing in fluid power systems, additive manufacturing, and smart manufacturing using Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. His work bridges applied research with educational innovation, including the development of a miniature electro-hydraulic excavator arm and the Fluid Power Student Club. Education: Ph.D. in Engineering (Fluid Power), Purdue University, 2011 M.Sc. in Engineering, Purdue University, 2006 M.A. in Teaching of Spanish, Purdue University, 2004 B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, 2002 His research interests span fluid power & motion control, digital twins, reverse osmosis systems, and mixed reality applications in manufacturing. He focuses on optimizing hydraulic systems for heavy-duty vehicles, embedding sensors in 3D-printed components, and advancing water purification technologies. Recent publications highlight innovations in digital hydraulics, bio-based packaging materials, and reverse osmosis efficiency. He has secured patents for 3D-printed lens gratings and processes for additive manufacturing. Scientific Awards: Purdue Polytechnic Outstanding Faculty in Learning Award (2019) Purdue Polytechnic Outstanding Faculty in Engagement Award (2022) Dr. Garcia-Bravo actively engages in globalizing fluid power education, facilitating student exchanges with Latin American countries and contributing to international standards for hydraulic components through ISO committees.

Wout WeijtjensView profile

Research Fellow

• Structural Health Monitoring
• Offshore Wind Turbines
• Fatigue Analysis
• +2 more

Wout Weijtjens is a Research Fellow at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, affiliated with the Acoustics & Vibration Research Group in Applied Mechanics. His research focuses on structural health monitoring (SHM) of offshore wind turbines, fatigue analysis, and vibration-based damage detection using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. Current projects include FIRMEST (fatigue assessment of offshore wind turbine substructures) and FOOS (Forced Oscillations in turbines). His research interests span: Operational modal analysis for offshore structures Machine learning applications in SHM Fatigue life prediction under environmental variability Sensor networks for infrastructure monitoring Wind turbine dynamics under harsh conditions Recent publications demonstrate a consistent focus on developing predictive maintenance frameworks through multivariate sensor data analysis, uncertainty quantification in SHM systems, and validation of computational models against full-scale field measurements. Article trends emphasize machine learning integration with physical models for improved fatigue life assessment. Awards and recognitions include: Best Paper Award (2nd place, 2022) Poster Award (2017) Solvay Award (2015) As principal investigator on multiple grants including VLADBC7 and VLADBC9 projects, he supervises PhD candidates in vibration-based SHM and leads experimental validation at OWI-Lab's Large Climate Chamber. His team develops IoT monitoring solutions for civil infrastructure through the SMART TOWERS initiative.

• Compliant Mechanisms
• Robotics
• Precision Manufacturing
• +5 more

Dr. Guangbo Hao is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at University College Cork (UCC), where he leads the UCC CoMAR research group and directs the Mechatronics/Robotics Lab. He holds dual PhDs from Northeastern University (China, 2008) and Heriot-Watt University (UK, 2011). His research focuses on compliant mechanisms, robotics, and their applications in precision manufacturing, energy harvesting, and medical devices. He has secured over €1.3M in research funding, including grants from SFI, EU Horizon 2020, and Enterprise Ireland. He is an ASME Fellow and has received multiple accolades, including the ASME Compliant Mechanisms Award (2017, 2018, 2022) and the UCC President’s Excellence in Teaching Award (2023). Education: BSc (2004), MSc (2007), PhD (2008) from Northeastern University; second PhD (2011) from Heriot-Watt University Research interests include compliant mechanisms, mechatronics, and robotics with emphasis on deployable structures, medical devices, and energy harvesting systems. His work has resulted in over 200 peer-reviewed publications and 30 invited talks. He supervises students in PhD, research-master, and taught-master programs, with notable student achievements in international competitions and awards. Professional roles include Associate Editorships at Advanced Equipment , ASME Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics , and IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters . He chairs major conferences like ASME IDETC/CIE 2025 and co-chairs the 2026 IEEE/ASME AIM conference. His labs, including the UCC Engineering Maker Lab, focus on innovation in robotics and mechatronics.

Heather PengView profile

Associate Professor

• Marine Hydrodynamics
• Naval Architecture
• Ship Design
• +11 more

Heather Peng is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at Memorial University of Newfoundland, where she has been a faculty member since 2008. She holds a B.Sc. and M.A.Sc. in Naval Architecture from Dalian University of Technology and a Ph.D. in Naval Architecture/Marine Hydrodynamics from Dalhousie University. A licensed professional engineer (P.Eng.), she brings extensive industrial experience from Martec Limited and Oceanic Consulting Corporation to her academic role. Education: B.Sc. in Naval Architecture, Dalian University of Technology M.A.Sc. in Naval Architecture, Dalian University of Technology Ph.D. in Naval Architecture/Marine Hydrodynamics, Dalhousie University Her research focuses on marine and ship hydrodynamics, with applications to the design and safety evaluation of ships and offshore structures. Key areas include numerical simulation of ship motions and wave loads, hydrodynamic interactions of multiple floating bodies, coupled dynamics of moored systems, dynamic positioning in challenging environments (including ice), hull form optimization, and renewable wave energy conversion. Her work integrates advanced computational methods with practical engineering challenges in marine systems. Although no publications are listed in the provided text, her research profile suggests strong engagement in computational marine hydrodynamics and offshore system dynamics, with relevance to both academic and industrial sectors in ocean engineering. Professional Affiliations and Recognition: P.Eng. (Professional Engineer) Dr. Peng has advised graduate students and contributed to engineering education and research at Memorial University. Her prior industry experience enhances her applied research and mentoring. She has not received any listed awards in the provided material. Her research likely involves collaboration with ocean engineering firms and government agencies, though specific grants are not mentioned. Laboratories and Research Teams: While not explicitly named, her work implies involvement in marine hydrodynamics and offshore systems research groups within the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, potentially associated with ocean technology or renewable energy initiatives at Memorial University.

Jesse LeCavalierView profile

Associate Professor

• Architectural Design
• Urbanism
• Infrastructure Planning
• +7 more

Jesse LeCavalier is Associate Professor in the Department of Architecture at Cornell University's College of Architecture, Art, and Planning (AAP), where he also serves as Director of the Master of Science in Advanced Urban Design (M.S. AUD) program. Based in New York City, his academic work bridges architectural design, theory, and urbanism with a specialized focus on logistics and infrastructure. His research explores the spatial, architectural, and social implications of logistical systems, particularly those of large-scale retailers like Walmart. He is the author of The Rule of Logistics: Walmart and the Architecture of Fulfillment (University of Minnesota Press, 2016), a seminal work that investigates how retail logistics reshape buildings, cities, and human behavior. His design research has been exhibited internationally, including at MoMA PS1, the Oslo Architecture Triennale, and the Seoul Biennale for Architecture and Urbanism, with projects such as SHELF LIFE , Alimentary Urbanism , and Machinic Wilderness . LeCavalier’s scholarly writings have appeared in prominent journals such as Places , Public Culture , Harvard Design Magazine , and Cabinet . His recent articles reflect a consistent thematic focus on the intersection of architecture, technology, and material flows, exploring topics from automated fulfillment centers to speculative urban futures. The body of work demonstrates a deep engagement with how digital and physical infrastructures co-constitute contemporary urban environments. Core77 Design Award, Writing & Commentary (2013) ACSA New Faculty Teaching Award (2014) Finalist, MoMA PS1 Young Architects Program (2018) Finalist, Sudbury 2050 Urban Design Competition (2020) Finalist, Tromsø Waterfront Laboratory Open Call (2019) LeCavalier has advised and collaborated with students and design teams on numerous projects, particularly through seminars and design studios such as the Landscapes of Fulfillment seminar at Yale. While formal PhD or Master’s advisees are not listed, his leadership roles indicate active mentorship. He has received funding and support from institutions such as the New York State Council for the Arts. His research is conducted both independently and in collaboration with interdisciplinary teams, often involving engineers, designers, and technologists. His work is supported by a network of labs and collaborative initiatives, including the Landscapes of Fulfillment seminar and projects like Milgram and Test Bed Urbanism , which explore smart cities and digital infrastructure. Future research directions include regenerative urbanism, post-anthropocene landscapes, and the transformation of industrial legacies into public and ecological assets.

Maria Tomas-RodriguezView profile

Senior Lecturer

• Control Systems Engineering
• Nonlinear Dynamics
• Aerospace Engineering
• +2 more

Dr. Maria Tomas-Rodriguez is a Senior Lecturer in Avionics at the Department of Mathematics and Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, City University of London. She holds a PhD in Control Systems Engineering from Sheffield University (2005) and an MPhil in Aeronautical Engineering from Imperial College London (2008). Her career spans roles at Imperial College (Postdoctoral Research Associate, 2005–2007), Sheffield University (Research Assistant, 2003–2005), and part-time Visiting Researcher status at Imperial College since 2007. Education: BSc Physics (Automatic Calculus), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (1999) MSc Control Systems Engineering, Sheffield University (2001) PhD Control Systems, Sheffield University (2005) MPhil Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London (2008) Her research focuses on control systems for nonlinear dynamics in aerospace and mechanical applications. Key areas include rotorcraft stability , two-wheeled vehicle control , floating offshore wind turbine dynamics , and iterative control algorithms . She leads the Stage 1 program at City University and serves as President of New-ACE (New Academics in Control Engineering). Recent publications highlight her expertise in semi-active structural control for floating wind turbines using genetic algorithms and inerters , achieving vibration suppression rates up to 45.4%. Her work also explores interconnected suspension systems in sports motorcycles and nonlinear aerodynamic modeling for helicopters. Professional memberships include the UK Automatic Control Council (since 2011) and editorial roles for Revista Iberoamericana de Automatizacion Industrial (2017–present). She has delivered keynote speeches at conferences in Spain, Italy, and the UK, emphasizing dynamic stability analysis and adaptive control systems .

• Coastal Engineering
• Hydraulics
• Sustainable Sand Management
• +3 more

Pieter Rauwoens is a Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering within the Faculty of Engineering Technology at KU Leuven. His work focuses on coastal engineering, hydraulics, and sustainable material applications, particularly in dune dynamics and nature-based coastal defense systems. He leads multiple long-term projects and serves as promotor for interdisciplinary research initiatives. Coastal & Ocean Basin (COB) wind tunnel system development Sustainable sand management for hybrid dune-dike systems Vegatation impact on coastal dune stability Supplementary cementitious materials from recycled aggregates His research integrates field monitoring, numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments to address coastal resilience challenges under climate change. Key methodologies include CFD modeling, sediment transport analysis, and material reactivity studies. Current research trends emphasize: Hybrid blue-grey coastal defense systems Mechanochemical activation of recycled materials Wave-structure interactions around monopiles Aeolian transport dynamics in vegetated dunes Sustainable sediment management Climate adaptation infrastructure