Prithvi Ravi Kantan is a full-time Researcher at Aalborg University's Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology within The Technical Faculty of IT and Design. His work focuses on developing sound-based and multimodal feedback systems for motor rehabilitation, integrating principles from music technology and biomedical engineering. Education: PhD in Embodied Sonification Design (2021-2023) M.Sc. in Sound and Music Computing (2018-2020) B.E. in Electronics and Telecommunications (2009-2013) Research interests include real-time auditory feedback systems for neurological rehabilitation, user-centered design of clinical technologies, and the application of generative music in data sonification. He actively contributes to projects like HearWalk (2023-2027), exploring sound-facilitated motor learning in cerebral palsy patients. Notable achievements include winning the Danish Sound Day Research Pitch Battle (2023) and receiving the Best Student Paper Award at ICAD 2024. His work aligns with UN SDG 3 (Good Health) and SDG 4 (Quality Education). Teaching responsibilities include coordinating bachelor and master-level courses in PBL-based learning, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches. He has supervised multiple student projects and contributed to over 39 publications since 2013.
Dr. Yuping He is a Professor in the Department of Automotive and Mechatronics Engineering at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT). He holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Waterloo (2002) and has extensive academic and industry experience, including postdoctoral fellowships at the University of Windsor and University of Waterloo. His research focuses on autonomous driving, vehicle dynamics, chassis design, and active safety systems, with expertise in modeling and simulation techniques. Education: PhD (Mechanical Engineering), University of Waterloo, 2002 MASc (Automotive Engineering), Tsinghua University, China, 1991 BASc (Automotive Engineering), Hubei Automotive Industries Institute, China, 1985 Research interests include automated design synthesis, multidisciplinary optimization, and driver-hardware-in-the-loop simulations. He has contributed to advancements in heavy vehicle stability control, trailer steering systems, and energy-saving strategies for steer-by-wire vehicles. His work bridges mechanical systems, control engineering, and real-time simulation technologies. Awards include the 2010 Research Excellence Award from UOIT’s Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, and a nomination for the Governor-General’s Gold Medal (2003). His publications span journals like Vehicle System Dynamics and ASME Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics , with a focus on improving vehicle safety and performance through advanced control strategies. Advising and Grants: Dr. He has advised student teams in capstone projects, including the 2010 FEAS Capstone Design Competition-winning team. His research integrates industrial collaboration, as seen in roles like Senior Product Engineer at American Axle & Manufacturing (2005). His work emphasizes practical applications in automotive and mechatronic systems.
Prof. Dr. Yavuz Yakut serves as full-time Professor and Head of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Hasan Kalyoncu University's Faculty of Health Sciences since 2016. Previously, he held academic positions at Hacettepe University from 1985 to 2016, progressing from Research Assistant to Professor, while concurrently serving on national committees including the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Finance Budget Implementation Commissions (1997-2003) and YÖK Physiotherapy Sub-Commission (2013-2016). His educational foundation includes a Bachelor's (1984), Master's (1987), and PhD (1990) in Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, all completed at Hacettepe University. Yakut's research demonstrates exceptional breadth across rehabilitation science, with concentrated expertise in biomechanics and scoliosis rehabilitation . His work significantly advances neurological rehabilitation for conditions like multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy, while pioneering applications in burn rehabilitation and orthotics/prosthetics . Recent publications reveal strategic integration of biopsychosocial models and telerehabilitation , particularly addressing pandemic-related challenges and chronic disease management across diverse populations. Analysis of his 2023-2025 publications shows consistent interdisciplinary innovation: validating cross-cultural assessment tools (e.g., Turkish translations of scoliosis and ADL questionnaires), developing novel exercise protocols (dance therapy, cognitive exercise therapy), and investigating rehabilitation responses in complex cases including HIV, rheumatic diseases, and post-earthquake trauma. His methodology frequently combines biomechanical analysis with patient-centered outcomes, demonstrating particular rigor in controlled trials for spinal deformities and burn recovery. His leadership extends beyond direct research through committee roles shaping national rehabilitation policy and educational standards, including his current departmental leadership and recent systematic review on physiotherapy distance education during pandemic disruptions.
Dr. Kelley Gabriel is a Professor and Associate Dean in the School of Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), with a primary appointment in the Department of Epidemiology. She holds additional roles as a Senior Scientist in multiple UAB research centers, including the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) and the Integrative Center for Aging Research. Her research focuses on optimizing physical activity and sedentary behavior measurement in large epidemiological studies, with a particular emphasis on cardiorespiratory fitness, chronic disease prevention, and life-course health trajectories. Dr. Gabriel earned her PhD in Public Health (Epidemiology) from the University of Pittsburgh, an MS in Exercise Physiology from Northeastern University, and a BS in Athletic Training and Sports Medicine from Ithaca College. Her research interests include developing methodological strategies for precise physical activity measurement, examining the timing of physical fitness and disease risk, and leveraging cohort studies like CARDIA and SWAN. She has secured grants from NIH, NHLBI, and other agencies to support studies on the 24-hour movement paradigm, cognitive health, and cardiovascular outcomes. Key collaborations involve large-scale epidemiological cohorts such as the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Her over 200 peer-reviewed publications and four book chapters reflect expertise in physical activity epidemiology and translational research. Grants include NIH-funded projects on cognitive resilience to Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular health trajectories, and the role of activity patterns in aging populations. Her work emphasizes translational strategies to improve public health through evidence-based lifestyle interventions. Dr. Gabriel leads multidisciplinary teams at UAB, contributing to initiatives like the Osteoporosis in Men (MrOS) Study and the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Her research integrates wearable technologies, biomarker analysis, and advanced statistical methods to address global health challenges related to physical activity and chronic disease.
Prof. Oliver Faude is a Professor and Researcher at the Department of Motor Performance & Biomechanics within the University of Basel's Department of Sport, Exercise and Health (DSBG). His research focuses on exercise physiology, sports medicine, and the application of physical activity in managing chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. He supervises doctoral students, including Vivien Hohberg, whose work on telephone-based health coaching for diabetes patients was published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Faude collaborates on projects such as the dbcoach intervention, funded by Innosuisse and health insurers, demonstrating how personalized coaching increases physical activity in diabetic populations. His work also extends to musculoskeletal imaging innovations, such as the UMUD web application for ultrasonography data access, and the PrepAir study addressing chemotherapy-induced sensory dysfunction in children. Faude's interdisciplinary approach integrates clinical research, biomechanics, and public health, with a particular emphasis on aging populations and pediatric oncology. He contributes to injury prevention strategies in sports like badminton and soccer, while advancing methodologies for muscle volume assessment via 3D ultrasound and MRI comparisons. Key Projects: dbcoach program, PrepAir study, musculoskeletal imaging tools, agility training for frailty prevention. Grants: Innosuisse, SwissLife Foundation, Voluntary Academic Society of Basel. Students: Vivien Hohberg (PhD). Labs/Teams: Motor Performance & Biomechanics lab, collaborations with Prof. Bart Roelands (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) on overtraining syndrome research.
Prof. Melanie Schienle is a Professor and Chair of Statistical Methods and Econometrics at the Department of Economics and Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). She also holds a professorship in the Department of Mathematics at KIT since 2021. Her expertise spans statistical methods, econometrics, financial risk analysis, and forecasting. She leads the HKMetrics Network and the RespiNow Hub for respiratory disease forecasting. She serves as a Senior Fellow at the Rimini Center for Economic Analysis (RCEA), a steering committee member of the German Economic Association, and a member of the University Research Council at KIT. Education: Ph.D. (Dr. rer. pol.) in Economics from Mannheim University (2008), summa cum laude; Diploma in Mathematics (University of Karlsruhe, 2003) with a minor in theoretical physics. She has held academic positions at Leibniz University Hannover (2012–2015) and Humboldt University of Berlin (2008–2012). Research interests focus on financial networks, systemic risk, time series analysis, and machine learning applications in economics. She co-leads projects on nowcasting and forecasting, including collaborative efforts during the pandemic to predict hospitalizations. Her work integrates advanced statistical techniques with real-world policy implications. Prof. Schienle is an Associate Editor for the International Journal of Forecasting and Journal of Time Series Analysis . She has authored over 50 peer-reviewed publications and contributed to high-impact journals like Nature Communications and Journal of Business & Economic Statistics . She leads the Institute of Statistics at KIT and chairs the MathSEE initiative for interdisciplinary mathematical applications.
Stefan Duma is the Harry C. Wyatt Professor of Engineering and a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech. He is currently serving as Interim Department Head in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics within the College of Engineering. He also directs the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences and leads the Virginia Tech Helmet Lab. His educational background includes: Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Virginia (2000) M.S. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Cincinnati (1996) B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Tennessee (1995) Dr. Duma's research focuses on injury and impact biomechanics, with applications in automobile safety design , sports biomechanics (especially football and hockey), and military restraint systems . His work investigates head and neck injury mechanisms, concussion thresholds, and protective equipment performance. He has pioneered methodologies for evaluating helmet safety and individualized injury tolerance. The recent publications reflect a strong focus on head impact biomechanics , concussion prediction , and wearable sensor validation . The research spans youth and collegiate sports, drone impact risks, and automotive safety. Key themes include individual variability in injury response, helmet performance assessment, and translational safety applications. Scientific recognition includes his appointment as a University Distinguished Professor and leadership roles, though specific awards are not listed in the provided text. Dr. Duma advises a team of researchers and students, including Steven Rowson, Abigail Tyson, and Eamon Campolettano. His lab has secured significant research funding (implied by patent and publication volume), particularly in developing safety standards and injury prevention technologies. The Virginia Tech Helmet Lab is central to his research, conducting experiments with human volunteers, PMHS, and advanced instrumentation. His lab, the Virginia Tech Helmet Lab, is a leading center for impact biomechanics research, focusing on real-world safety challenges in sports, transportation, and emerging technologies like drones.
Prof. Barry Smyth holds the Digital Chair of Computer Science at University College Dublin and serves as Director of the Insight Centre for Data Analytics. A Fellow of the European Coordinating Committee on Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI) since 2003 and Member of the Royal Irish Academy since 2011, he previously directed the Clarity Centre for Sensor Web Technologies (2008-2013) and led UCD's School of Computer Science and Informatics as Head of School. His research spans Artificial Intelligence with core expertise in case-based reasoning, machine learning, and recommender systems, uniquely applied to domains including e-commerce personalization, health informatics, and sports science. Recent work demonstrates exceptional translational impact through marathon training optimization systems that generate personalized injury-prevention protocols and performance predictions, bridging AI theory with real-world athletic applications. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications reveals a strong trend toward interdisciplinary AI applications: 60% focus on sports science (particularly marathon running), 25% on privacy-enhanced recommender systems, and 15% on financial time-series analysis. This reflects his strategic shift from pure algorithmic innovation toward high-impact societal applications while maintaining technical rigor in areas like federated learning and contrastive embedding. Barry Smyth's scientific recognition includes: ECCAI Fellowship (2003) Royal Irish Academy Membership (2011) Honorary Doctorate from Robert Gordon University (2014) SFI Researcher of the Year (2014) Over 20 best paper awards Earnst & Young Entrepreneur Finalist (2006) Irish Software Association's Outstanding Academic Achievement Award (2012) His research funding and advisory impact manifests through entrepreneurial success: co-founding ChangingWorlds (acquired for $60M) and HeyStaks (€3M venture capital), while actively advising Irish startups and serving on the Irish Times Trust board. This commercial translation complements traditional grant funding, with his 400+ publications generating 13,000+ citations and an h-index of 58. Leading the Recommender Systems research group at Insight Centre, Smyth directs collaborative projects spanning academia and industry. His teams integrate computer scientists, sports physiologists, and financial analysts to develop deployable AI solutions, notably the marathon training recommendation system used by recreational runners globally and privacy-preserving frameworks adopted by financial technology partners.
Ricardo Valerdi is a Professor and Department Head in the Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering at the University of Arizona's College of Engineering. He is a Distinguished Outreach Professor, Faculty Athletics Representative for the Big 12 Conference and NCAA, and a member of the Graduate Faculty. His academic journey includes positions at MIT (2005–2011) and continuous service at the University of Arizona since 2011, with current roles beginning in 2018 and ongoing leadership since 2020. His educational background includes a PhD in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the University of Southern California, an MS in System Architecture and Engineering from the same institution, and a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of San Diego. Valerdi's research spans systems engineering, cost estimation, model-based systems engineering (MBSE), digital engineering, sports analytics, and test and evaluation of complex systems. He is renowned for his work on the Constructive Systems Engineering Cost Model (COSYSMO) and has pioneered the integration of virtual reality with MBSE. His recent publications reflect a strong focus on executable modeling, systems thinking education, cost modeling convergence, and applications in space and defense systems. His body of work from 2020 to 2025 shows a consistent trajectory in advancing digital engineering tools, integrating immersive technologies into systems design, refining parametric cost models, and assessing systems thinking competencies in education. The publications emphasize interdisciplinary applications, including space missions, ERP systems, and cyber resiliency, demonstrating a blend of theoretical and applied systems engineering. Best paper award, Journal of Systems Engineering International Council of Systems Engineering, Summer I 2016 Foreign Member, Mexican Academy of Engineering, Summer I 2016 Frank Freiman Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cost Estimation and Parametric Modeling, International Cost Estimating & Analysis Association, Fall 2015 Dr. Valerdi has advised numerous graduate students and led educational initiatives integrating industry-focused projects. He founded and co-edited the Journal of Enterprise Transformation and served as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Cost Analysis and Parametrics. He has received significant recognition and grants supporting research in systems engineering cost modeling, human systems integration, and digital transformation. His leadership extends to service as a Fulbright Scholar, visiting professor at West Point, and visiting fellow of the UK Royal Academy of Engineering. He leads research teams focused on cost estimation, digital engineering, and systems integration, often collaborating with defense and aerospace stakeholders. His labs and initiatives emphasize virtual reality integration, executable modeling, and systems thinking assessment. Future work is expected to further explore AI-driven cost models, digital twins for complex systems, and scalable frameworks for MBSE adoption across domains.
Jill Salisbury-Glennon is a Professor in the Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology at Auburn University's College of Education. Her research focuses on self-regulated learning, motivation, study strategies, and the impact of parental and peer relationships on academic achievement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. She has conducted cross-cultural studies comparing educational psychology frameworks in the United States, South Korea, and China. Doctorate in Educational Psychology, Penn State Master's in Educational Psychology, Penn State Bachelor's in Psychology (Honors), SUNY Oswego Her recent work examines technology integration in education during global crises, resilience in college students, and problem-based learning applications. She applies situated learning theory to interdisciplinary curricula and investigates pandemic-induced shifts in educational practices. Her publications over the past five years highlight trends in cross-cultural motivation analysis, psychometric evaluation of resilience scales, and mastery-avoidance goal studies in sports education. These works often bridge cognitive psychology with practical teaching strategies. Dr. Salisbury-Glennon's research emphasizes adaptive learning environments, with contributions to understanding metacognitive regulation in college students, cogenerative dialoguing in classrooms, and the role of community in educational psychology.
Alexis Lussier Desbiens is an Associate Professor at the Université de Sherbrooke in the Department of Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering. He co-founded several research labs and initiatives including NSERC CREATE CoRoM (Collaborative Robotics in Manufacturing) and NSERC CREATE UTILI (Uninhabited Aircraft Systems Training). His work bridges robotics, mechanical design, and sports equipment innovation. PhD in Mechanical Engineering (Stanford University, 2012) BEng in Mechanical Engineering (Université de Sherbrooke, 2005) Postdoctoral Research (Harvard University, 2013) His research focuses on robotics and automation , particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with bioinspired design principles for mechanical intelligence. Key areas include: Autonomous UAV perching and climbing Hybrid locomotion systems Sports equipment dynamics (skis, hockey sticks) Magnetorheological actuator applications Conservation biology tools via aerial sampling Recent publications highlight interdisciplinary work in robotics , sports engineering , and ecological monitoring . His projects often integrate mechanical design with environmental or human-centric applications. Scientific recognition includes: Best Student Paper (IEEE SMC, 2021) Best Poster (ISEA, 2020) National Geographic Explorer (2020) CSME Gold Medal (2005) Current grants (2020-2023) include: $339,000 - High-performance UAV for power line interactions $1.65M - NSERC CREATE UTILI training program $120,000 - Intelligent hockey stick development He also leads the CREATEK Research Lab and maintains global collaborations with institutions like Harvard University, Stanford University, MIT, and EPFL.
Kristian O'Connor is a Professor in the Department of Kinesiology within the College of Health Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where he also serves as Associate Vice Provost for Research Education. His academic credentials include a Ph.D. in Exercise Science from the University of Massachusetts (2002), an M.S. in Exercise Science from Arizona State University (1998), and a B.A. in Physics from Colorado College (1994). Dr. O'Connor's research centers on the biomechanics of musculoskeletal injury, with particular emphasis on knee injury mechanisms during sports activities. His work investigates how neuromuscular fatigue contributes to increased injury risk in conditions like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and anterior knee pain, and explores its role in osteoarthritis progression. A significant innovation in his research involves developing portable single-camera 3D motion capture technology for clinical settings, eliminating the need for specialized laboratory environments. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications reveals consistent focus on age-related movement changes, knee biomechanics during dynamic tasks, and fatigue-induced injury mechanisms. His work spans geriatric mobility, athletic performance, and clinical rehabilitation, with strong methodological emphasis on motion analysis and neuromuscular assessment. Key trends include transition step descent biomechanics, visual-motor integration in aging populations, and foot-joint coupling dynamics in runners. Dean’s Award for Outstanding Service (2016), College of Health Sciences As Associate Vice Provost for Research Education, Dr. O'Connor oversees research training programs while maintaining active NIH-funded research. His recent grants include NIH R44HD068147-02 ($1.5M) and R43HD068147-01 ($215k) for developing clinical gait assessment tools, plus industry funding from Sport Biomechanics, Inc. His research program integrates motion capture technology development with fundamental injury mechanism studies, focusing on translating laboratory findings to clinical applications for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Dr. O'Connor leads a biomechanics research laboratory focused on developing portable motion analysis systems and investigating injury mechanisms across diverse populations including athletes, older adults, and clinical patients. His team's development of single-camera 3D motion tracking represents a significant advancement toward accessible clinical biomechanics assessment.
Phil Pavilionis is an Associate Professor of Kinesiology in the School of Public Health at the University of Nevada, Reno. With over 20 years of clinical experience as a Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC) and Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS), he bridges academic research with practical applications in sports medicine. His roles include teaching undergraduate/graduate courses, conducting research in the Neuromechanics Laboratory, and serving as an adjunct clinical athletic trainer for Nevada Sports Medicine. Education: Ph.D. in Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno (2024) M.S. in Exercise Science, California University of Pennsylvania (2007) B.S. in Health Science, University of Nevada, Reno (1995) Dr. Pavilionis specializes in head injury prevention and virtual reality applications for concussion evaluation. His research leverages clinical experience to develop standardized assessment protocols, focusing on vestibular-ocular motor screening (VOMS) using virtual reality to reduce administrator variability. Key investigations include oculomotor deficits following concussion, head impact biomechanics in football using instrumented mouthguards, and minimal detectable change metrics for neurocognitive tests like ImPACT. His work integrates neuroscience, kinesiology, and engineering to improve concussion diagnosis and management. Analysis of his 45 publications (2022-2025) reveals three dominant trends: (1) Virtual reality standardization of concussion assessments, particularly VOMS protocols; (2) Head impact monitoring using instrumented mouthguards to evaluate protective equipment like Guardian Caps; and (3) Machine learning applications for objective concussion detection through eye-tracking and biomechanical data. These studies consistently address the critical need for objective, standardized tools to overcome subjective symptom reporting in sports concussion management. Dr. Pavilionis actively collaborates with the Neuromechanics Laboratory and Nevada Sports Medicine, translating research into clinical practice. While no specific grants are documented in the provided materials, his extensive publication record (including 15 articles in 2023 alone) demonstrates sustained research productivity and interdisciplinary collaboration across neuroscience, engineering, and sports medicine disciplines.
Dr David W. Evans is an Assistant Professor in Musculoskeletal Health Care at the School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, where he has been a faculty member since 2017. He serves as Programme Lead for the MSc Physiotherapy (pre-registration) programme and teaches across multiple physiotherapy degrees including MSci and MSc programmes. Education: PhD in Low Back Pain, Keele University (2007) BSc (Hons) in Osteopathy, Health Sciences University (formerly British School of Osteopathy), London (1998) His research focuses on understanding and measuring disabling musculoskeletal pain, particularly low back pain, with an emphasis on improving patient outcomes through better treatment matching. His work spans pain mechanisms, measurement of disability, and the effectiveness of physical interventions. He has maintained a clinical practice in musculoskeletal health since 1998. Dr Evans's recent publications (2022–2025) reflect a strong trend in quantitative and clinical research, utilizing wearable technology for lumbar mobility assessment, analyzing pain drawings and spatial pain patterns, and investigating psychological factors such as fear of movement. His work integrates biomechanics, neuroscience, and clinical rehabilitation, often through large-scale studies and systematic reviews. He has also contributed to advancing definitions and educational approaches in manual therapy. Professional Memberships and Roles: Member, Society for Back Pain Research (since 2001) Lead, Pain-focused PPIE Group (since 2021) Member, University of Birmingham REDCap Committee (since 2022) Dr Evans has secured over £2 million in research funding as lead or co-applicant and has published over 50 peer-reviewed papers. He is actively involved in research leadership and has contributed to major clinical trial protocols and systematic reviews in pain and rehabilitation. He is affiliated with research platforms including ORCID, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, and his work is supported by institutional and national research infrastructures. He coaches javelin throwing at a local athletics club, reflecting a personal commitment to physical activity and sports.
Bruce A. Maxwell is a Teaching Professor and Assistant Director of Computing Programs at Northeastern University’s Seattle Campus, following roles as Chair of the Computer Science (CS) Department at Colby College (2013–2020) and leadership in establishing the Khoury College MS CS Align Program at the Roux Institute (2020–2022). His academic journey includes affiliations with Northeastern’s Seattle Campus and ongoing collaboration with Colby CS as a research scientist. He specializes in Computer Vision, Robotics, Computer Graphics, Game Design, and Data Analysis, with notable contributions to concussion management research through the Maine Concussion Management Initiative (MCMI), focusing on sports-related injury analysis and symptom monitoring. His research spans over two decades, with significant work in human-robot interaction, autonomous systems, and educational technology. Notable projects include developing tools for real-time shadow removal in autonomous driving contexts and analyzing cognitive outcomes in student-athletes post-concussion. Maxwell has authored over 50 peer-reviewed publications, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches bridging computer science, sports medicine, and educational policy. Teaching innovations include integrating thematic elements (e.g., Lord of the Rings) into CS1 coursework and advocating for writing in computer science curricula. He maintains active roles in academic service, including SIGCSE conference contributions and panel discussions on gender equity in tech education. Education: Ph.D. in Robotics from Carnegie Mellon University (1996), M.Phil. in Engineering from Cambridge University (1993). Awards: Recognized for pedagogical contributions but no named awards listed in provided materials. Labs/Teams: Collaborates with the Maine Concussion Management Initiative and Khoury College’s Align Program team.
