Dimitrios Skalkos serves as a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, holding the specific title of Professor of Innovation Management in Food Businesses. His office is located in building X2, room X2-206c on the Ioannina Campus (45110 Ioannina), and he leads the Food Chemistry Laboratory. He earned his Basic Degree in Chemistry from the University of Ioannina (1980-1985) followed by a Doctoral Degree from the University of Toledo, USA (1986-1989) with dissertation research on "Di- and Tetrahydroporphyrins: Syntheses and Antitumor Activities". Skalkos's research spans Food Business Management, Food Innovation, and Innovation Management, with specialized focus on Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Aromatic Plants, Innovative Foods, and Strategic Marketing. His work bridges academic research with industry applications in food systems, emphasizing Greek agricultural products and pandemic-era consumer behavior. His 36 publications (2020-2024) reveal strong trends in post-pandemic food innovation, consumer perception of traditional Greek foods, functional food development (particularly olive oil, cheese, and grape by-products), and sustainable agri-food supply chains. Key thematic clusters include traceability systems, bioactive properties of novel foods, and economic impacts on food choices. He has actively supervised Master's and PhD students through departmental presentations, directed 23 research programs, and organized 15 seminars and conferences. His laboratory website ( https://foods.chem.uoi.gr ) showcases ongoing food chemistry innovations.
Shreyas Sen is the Elmore Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University, jointly affiliated with the School of Biomedical Engineering. He directs the Center for Internet of Bodies (C-IoB) and leads the SPARC Lab, focusing on circuits/systems for secure, energy-efficient body-centric communication and biomedical applications. Education: B.E. (Jadavpur University, 2006), M.S. & Ph.D. (Georgia Tech, 2009-2011). His research spans Human Body Communication (HBC), hardware security, IoT/IoB systems, and low-power sensing. Notable innovations include Electro-Quasistatic HBC (EQS-HBC) technology, which enables covert body-wire communication with 100x lower energy than conventional methods. Research Themes: Secure communication for medical wearables Physical layer security in IoT Ultra-low-power biosensors Side-channel attack mitigation in cryptographic ICs Publications: Over 200 papers in top venues (ISSCC, DAC, CICC, HOST) with focus on HBC systems, electromagnetic security, and biomedical circuits. Recent work explores EQS-HBC privacy properties (Nature Scientific Reports, 2019) and 350x current-domain signature attenuation for AES security (ISSCC 2020). Awards: NSF CAREER Award (2020) AFOSR Young Investigator (2016) MIT TR35 India (2018) 9 Best Paper Awards Intel Outstanding Researcher (2020) He advises over 20 students and leads industry collaborations through Ixana Inc. (founded 2020), commercializing EQS-HBC technology. Current efforts include EQS-based authentication systems and radiation dosimetry wearables.
Halil Ali is a Lecturer in Data Science (Education Focused) at the School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University. His research spans privacy-preserving machine learning, blockchain technologies, and cybersecurity. Key research areas include federated learning , quantum-enhanced AI , secure biometrics , edge unlearning , and privacy in healthcare data . His recent publications focus on resilient AI systems , blockchain applications , and ethical data handling in emerging technologies. His work demonstrates expertise in integrating machine learning with blockchain security across domains like IoT, smart grids, and metaverse healthcare. He contributes to practical frameworks for zero-trust architectures , lightweight consensus protocols , and quantum-classical hybrid models .
Dr. Amin Keramati is an Assistant Professor of Supply Chain Management at Widener University’s School of Business Administration. He holds a PhD in Transportation & Logistics from North Dakota State University and previously served as a graduate research assistant at the Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute. His work includes federally funded projects like the Mountain-Plains Consortium’s MPC-550 project, focusing on highway-rail grade crossing safety. Dr. Keramati teaches courses in enterprise resource planning, decision analytics, database management, transportation/logistics, project management, and data analytics. Education: PhD in Transportation & Logistics, North Dakota State University Graduate Research Assistant at Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Research Focus: Dr. Keramati develops mathematical, statistical, and machine learning approaches to solve complex problems in transportation, supply chain, and logistics. Key areas include data mining, big data decision support, transportation network analytics, project scheduling, smart manufacturing, and accident analysis. His interdisciplinary work bridges supply chain optimization with emerging technologies like blockchain for healthcare and clinical trials. Awards & Recognition: Student Paper Award, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2017) Grants & Projects: Lead researcher on the Mountain-Plains Consortium’s MPC-550 project, which expanded his dissertation work on safety systems for highway-rail crossings. Collaborates on federally funded transportation safety initiatives and supply chain optimization for bioethanol and pharmaceutical industries. Labs/Teams: Active in Widener’s School of Business research groups focusing on supply chain innovation and interdisciplinary projects combining logistics with emerging technologies.
Anca Dragan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, where she runs the InterACT Lab focused on algorithms for human-AI and human-robot interaction. Currently on leave from Berkeley, she leads AI Safety and Alignment at Google DeepMind, overseeing safety for Gemini models and preparing for future advancements. Dragan has been a co-PI of the Center for Human-Compatible AI and served on the steering committee for the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab. B.Sc. in Computer Science from Jacobs University Bremen, Germany Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Dragan's research focuses on enabling AI agents to work effectively with, around, and in support of people. Her work bridges robotics, machine learning, and game theory to create systems that better understand human preferences and coordinate with users. Key areas include AI alignment (ensuring AI does what people actually want), learning reward functions from diverse human feedback forms, and developing algorithms for human-AI collaboration across domains like autonomous vehicles, brain-machine interfaces, and recommender systems. Her research emphasizes maintaining uncertainty about human preferences and accounting for the plurality of human values. Dr. Dragan's recent publications reveal a strong focus on addressing fundamental challenges in AI safety and alignment. Her work spans theoretical foundations of reward learning, practical implementations for human-AI coordination, and critical examinations of limitations in current approaches. There's a clear trajectory toward more robust, safe, and value-aligned AI systems that can handle complex human preferences while avoiding both present-day harms and potential catastrophic risks. IEEE RAS Early Academic Career Award in Robotics and Automation (2021) McEntyre Award for Excellence in Teaching (2020) PECASE (Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering) (2019) Sloan Fellowship (2018) NSF CAREER Award (2017) Okawa Foundation Award (2017) MIT Tech Review 35 Innovators Under 35 (2017) Multiple best paper awards at top robotics and AI conferences Dr. Dragan has mentored numerous successful students who have gone on to faculty positions at MIT, Stanford, CMU, and Princeton, as well as industry roles at DeepMind, Waymo, and Meta. Her advising philosophy emphasizes both technical rigor and consideration of broader societal impacts. She has secured significant research funding including NSF CAREER, ONR Young Investigator, and Okawa Foundation awards, supporting work on human-AI interaction and alignment. Dragan has also consulted for Waymo for six years, helping develop roadmaps for deploying increasingly learning-based safety-critical systems. Dr. Dragan leads the InterACT Lab at UC Berkeley, which has produced influential work on Cooperative Inverse Reinforcement Learning, Inverse Reward Design, and other foundational concepts in human-AI interaction. The lab's research has significantly shaped the field of AI alignment, with applications spanning autonomous vehicles that coordinate with human drivers, brain-machine interfaces that adapt to user needs, and language models that better understand human preferences. Current work focuses on scaling safety approaches as AI capabilities advance, ensuring alignment keeps pace with technological progress.
Derek W Hoiem is a Professor in the Siebel School for Computing and Data Science at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he has been a faculty member since 2009. His research focuses on computer vision and related areas, and he is also the co-founder and Chief Science Officer of Reconstruct, an AI-based construction technology company. His educational background includes: PhD in Robotics, Carnegie Mellon University (2007) Beckman Postdoctoral Fellowship (2008) Prof. Hoiem's research spans computer vision, with a focus on object recognition, scene understanding, and graphics. His work also extends to mobile robotics and 3D scene reconstruction. He has made significant contributions in areas such as visual recognition, 3D modeling, and the application of computer vision in construction monitoring. His recent publications (2023-2025) demonstrate a strong focus on advancing multimodal understanding, particularly in region-based representations, 3D vision, and neural radiance fields. There is a clear trend towards integrating language and vision, improving efficiency in neural networks, and applying computer vision to real-world problems such as construction progress monitoring. His scientific awards and honors are extensive and include: IEEE Fellow (2022) University Scholar (2022) Koendrink Prize (2022) Dean's Award for Excellence in Research, Associate Professor (2021) Campus Distinguished Promotion Award (2015) Best Paper Award: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications in Computer Vision (WACV) (2015) CW Gear Junior Faculty Award (2014) IEEE PAMI Young Researcher Award (2014) Dean's Award for Excellence in Research, Assistant Professor (2014) Sloan Research Fellowship (2013) Intel Early Career Faculty Honor Program Award (2012) NSF CAREER Award (2011) ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award, Honorable Mention (2008) Carnegie Mellon University SCS Distinguished Dissertation Award (2008) Best Paper Award: IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2006) Prof. Hoiem has secured significant research funding, including an NSF CAREER award and an Intel Early Career Faculty award. He is also actively involved in technology transfer, having co-founded Reconstruct where he serves as Chief Science Officer. His teaching excellence is reflected in multiple "List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent" awards spanning from 2010 to 2021. Prof. Hoiem leads a research group at UIUC focused on computer vision and 3D scene understanding. Additionally, he co-founded and serves as Chief Science Officer at Reconstruct, which develops AI-based solutions for construction monitoring.
Lior Wolf is a Professor at the School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University. Previously, he was a postdoctoral researcher at MIT's Center for Biological and Computational Learning (CBCL) under Prof. Tomaso Poggio and earned his PhD from Hebrew University of Jerusalem with Prof. Amnon Shashua. His educational background includes: PhD in Computer Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Postdoctoral Research, MIT CBCL Prof. Wolf's research centers on artificial intelligence with seminal contributions to deep learning, computer vision, and natural language processing. His work bridges theoretical foundations (e.g., attention mechanisms, transformer analysis) with practical applications in medical imaging, speech processing, and sign language technology. He pioneered methods for neural network interpretability, efficient sequence modeling, and multimodal fusion. Analysis of his 2023-2025 publications reveals dominant trends in large language model optimization (neuron pruning, attention analysis), efficient video generation, and cross-modal learning. His work increasingly integrates medical applications (fMRI/EEG analysis) while maintaining theoretical rigor in model architecture design. His scientific achievements include: Best paper award at EMNLP 2024 for 'Backward Lens: Projecting Language Model Gradients into the Vocabulary Space' Best paper award at SCIA 2023 for 'Gradient Adjusting Networks for Domain Inversion' Best paper award at FG 2021 for 'Generating Master Faces for Dictionary Attacks' Prof. Wolf mentors graduate students in the School of Computer Science and leads research at the ICRC building laboratory. His team collaborates with 'the friends of TAU' on projects spanning biometric security, medical imaging, and generative AI. Current work focuses on efficient transformers, neural network interpretability, and multimodal medical diagnostics.
Dr. Jimeng Sun is a Health Innovation Professor at the Siebel School of Computing and Data Science and Carle Illinois College of Medicine at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Co-founder of Keiji AI , he leads groundbreaking research at the intersection of artificial intelligence and healthcare, actively deploying clinical AI systems and developing frameworks like PyHealth and Therapeutics Data Commons . His research spans four major areas: Clinical AI Systems : Developing interpretable models (e.g., RETAIN) for patient similarity, temporal event prediction, medication recommendation, and clinical outcome forecasting Drug Discovery : Creating molecular optimization frameworks, drug-target interaction models, and AI-driven platforms Clinical Trials : Pioneering patient-trial matching, outcome prediction, and optimization frameworks using deep learning and graph neural networks Biosignal Analysis : Advancing sleep staging, seizure classification, and automated EEG/Cardiac monitoring systems With over 500 top-tier publications (including in Nature , NEJM AI , and leading AI conferences) and an h-index of 99, his work has been recognized with the Top 100 AI Leaders in Drug Discovery and Advanced Healthcare award. He maintains active collaborations with institutions like Massachusetts General Hospital , Medidata Solutions , and OSF Healthcare . His recent publications reveal a strong focus on: Reinforcement learning applications in medical data analysis Large language model adaptation for clinical tasks Knowledge graph integration with AI systems Synthetic data generation for healthcare Multi-modal learning in clinical contexts Explainable AI for medical applications Dr. Sun's lab ( Sunlab ) emphasizes practical impact over theoretical work, actively collaborating with hospitals and healthtech companies. He welcomes contributions from clinicians, researchers, and industry partners through initiatives like his AI for Health webinar series .
Dr. Mo Rastgaar is a Professor at Purdue Polytechnic Institute, Purdue University. He holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Virginia Tech (2008) and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at MIT's Newman Laboratory for Biomechanics and Human Rehabilitation. He leads the Human-Interactive Robotics Lab (HIRoLab), focused on assistive and rehabilitation robots for enhanced mobility, particularly lower-extremity devices. His research emphasizes understanding agile gait dynamics through human experiments and modeling. Research interests include assistive robotics, cyber-physical systems, dynamics, and control systems. Notable awards include the 2014 NSF CAREER Award. He has secured grants such as the 2019 NRI Collaborative Grant on robotic ankle prosthetics and 2020 grants for undersea infrastructure. Dr. Rastgaar's work bridges biomechanics, robotics, and clinical applications, advancing prosthetic designs and human-robot interaction. Key contributions include developing steerable powered ankle-foot prostheses and exploring multi-robot systems for underwater exploration. His labs integrate interdisciplinary approaches to solve complex mobility challenges, emphasizing both technical innovation and real-world clinical impact.
Daniel W. Bliss is a Professor in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering at Arizona State University and Director of ASU's Center for Wireless Information Systems and Computational Architectures (WISCA). With over $50 million in research funding as principal investigator from organizations including DARPA, ONR, Google, and Airbus, his work bridges theoretical foundations with practical implementations across multiple domains of wireless systems. Dr. Bliss received his educational foundation with a B.S.E.E. from Arizona State University (1989), followed by M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Physics from the University of California-San Diego (1995, 1997). His academic journey includes significant industry experience at General Dynamics (1989-1993) and MIT Lincoln Laboratory (1997-2012) before joining ASU. His research program focuses on advanced wireless systems spanning radar, communications, precision positioning, computational architectures, and medical monitoring applications. Bliss employs information theory, estimation theory, and signal processing to develop novel system concepts with disruptive capabilities. Current research emphasizes RF convergence, integrated sensing and communications, and anticipatory medical analytics using wireless technologies, with particular focus on extracting physiological data from radar signals. Analysis of recent publications reveals a strong trend toward integrated sensing and communications systems, particularly utilizing mmWave and radar technologies for medical monitoring applications. His work increasingly bridges traditional communications and radar domains while expanding into physiological monitoring, demonstrating a clear trajectory toward convergence of wireless technologies for healthcare applications and remote vital sign detection. Dr. Bliss has received significant recognition for his contributions: Fellow of the IEEE (2015) 2021 IEEE Warren D. White Award for Excellence in Radar Engineering 2016-2017 Top 5% Teaching Award at ASU 2017 ASU Fulton Engineering Exemplar Faculty As a dedicated mentor, Dr. Bliss has supervised numerous graduate students through successful dissertation and thesis defenses across both PhD and Master's programs. His research portfolio includes substantial funding from diverse sources with over $50 million secured as principal investigator. Current projects include the $17M DARPA DASH project focused on advanced software-reconfigurable heterogeneous SoCs for next-generation RF systems, and multiple initiatives in contactless vital sign monitoring using radar technologies. Dr. Bliss leads the BLISS Lab and serves as director of WISCA, fostering interdisciplinary research in wireless systems. His team includes researchers working on distributed coherent systems, MIMO radar, RF convergence, and medical monitoring applications, with recent successes including the Making Waves team that tied for first place in the Air Force Spark Tank challenge. He has founded two startup companies: DASH Tech Integrated Circuits Company and the Big Little Sensor Company, focusing on high-performance embedded processing and small-scale radar physiological monitoring, respectively.
Philip S. Yu is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago and holds the Wexler Chair in Information Technology. Previously, he led the Software Tools and Techniques department at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Education: B.S. in Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Stanford University M.B.A., New York University His research spans data mining , big data , social networks , privacy-preserving data publishing , graph/network mining , recommender systems , and deep learning . He has authored over 970 papers with 74,500+ citations and an H-index of 127. Recent work focuses on heterogeneous graph representation, quantum walks in network analysis, and federated unlearning. Scientific Honors: ACM SIGKDD 2016 Innovation Award IEEE Computer Society 2013 Technical Achievement Award IEEE ICDM 2003 Research Contributions Award IEEE Region 1 Award (1999) UIC Research of the Year (2013) IBM Master Inventor with 300+ patents AI 2000 Most Influential Scholar Honorable Mentions (2024-2025) He served as Editor-in-Chief for ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering , and on steering committees for ACM KDD and IEEE Data Mining. His work bridges theoretical advances in graph neural networks , deep learning , and privacy-preserving systems with applications in healthcare, social media, and enterprise analytics.
Kian-Lee Tan is a Tan Sri Runme Shaw Senior Professor and Professor of Computer Science at the School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS). He holds a Ph.D. (1994), M.S. (1992), and B.Sc. (1st Class Honours) from NUS. His academic career spans decades of contributions to database systems and data analytics. Ph.D. in Computer Science, National University of Singapore (1994) M.S. in Computer Science, National University of Singapore (1992) B.Sc. in Computer Science (1st Class Honours), National University of Singapore As a leading researcher in database systems, Tan focuses on query processing and optimization in multiprocessor/distributed systems, database performance, security, and multimedia information retrieval. His work extends to computational biology applications like genome databases and real-time influence analysis on social streams. His recent publications highlight trends in GPU-accelerated graph analytics, trajectory pattern mining, and computational journalism. These works emphasize parallel processing, performance optimization, and social/media data analysis. IEEE Technical Achievement Award (2013) President Science Awards, Singapore (2011) NUS Graduate School Excellent Mentor Award (2010/2011) Outstanding University Researchers Award (1997/1998) Tan has supervised numerous research projects and mentored students contributing to database systems. He secured significant grants including a US$1 million Ripple Foundation grant (2024) for financial technology education. His editorial roles include ACM Transactions on Database Systems and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. He leads the FinTech Lab at NUS Computing and has served on the VLDB Endowment Board (2012-2017). His work bridges database foundations with emerging applications in AI, fintech, and computational journalism.
Alessio Lomuscio is a Professor of Safe Artificial Intelligence at Imperial College London, holding the prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies and recognized as an ACM Distinguished Member. He leads the Safe AI Lab, which focuses on developing methods and tools for the verification of AI systems to ensure their safe and secure deployment in applications of societal importance. His research spans verification and robust learning for neural networks and decision trees, robust machine learning in aviation and finance, monitoring of machine learning systems, assurance for autonomous systems and AI, and verification and validation of neuro-symbolic systems. Lomuscio has made significant contributions to formal verification methods for AI systems, particularly in the context of safety-critical applications. His recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on neural network verification techniques, with applications across multiple domains including finance, aviation, and autonomous systems. His work bridges theoretical advances in formal methods with practical applications in real-world AI systems, addressing critical challenges in AI safety and trustworthiness. Scientific Awards: Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies ACM Distinguished Member Lomuscio has served in numerous leadership roles, including as Co-Director (2023-present) and Deputy Director (2019-2023) of the UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Safe and Trusted Artificial Intelligence. He has also held positions as Director of Strategy and Planning (2017-2020), Member of Management Committee (2013-2020), and Deputy Head of Department (2016-2017). His editorial service includes roles as Associate Editor for Artificial Intelligence Journal and Editorial Board Member for Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research and Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems. His research group actively mentors students and researchers, with current openings for PhD and postdoctoral positions focused on AI verification and safety. Lomuscio's work has established him as a leading figure in the field of safe and verifiable AI systems, with significant contributions to both theoretical foundations and practical applications.
April Yi Wang is a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zürich, where she directs the Programming, Education, and Computer-Human Interaction Lab (PEACH Lab). She is a core faculty member at the Institute for Intelligent Interactive Systems and associated with the ETH AI Center. Wang is also an active member of ETH HCI and Swiss CHI communities, contributing significantly to human-computer interaction and educational technology research. Dr. Wang's educational background includes: Ph.D. in Information Science from University of Michigan (2023), advised by Steve Oney and Christopher Brooks M.Sc. in Computer Science from Simon Fraser University (2018), advised by Parmit Chilana B.Eng in Computer Science from Zhejiang University (2016) Dr. Wang's research focuses on human-centered approaches to programming and data science. Her work reimagines programming as a form of literature that communicates with both machines and people, exploring creative representations like text, shapes, animations, and everyday objects. She investigates how to make programming more natural and intuitive through literate programming environments, with applications in professional and educational contexts. Her research spans human-computer interaction, educational technology, and AI-assisted programming tools. Analysis of Dr. Wang's recent publications reveals a strong focus on AI-enhanced educational tools, particularly for programming and data literacy. Her work increasingly integrates large language models to scaffold learning while maintaining user agency. There's a clear trajectory toward developing situated learning approaches that connect abstract concepts to real-world contexts through augmented reality and tangible interfaces. Her research bridges HCI, education, and AI to create more accessible and engaging technical learning experiences. Dr. Wang has received numerous prestigious awards including: 2023 Gary M. Olson Award and Honourable Mention Award at ACM CHI 2022 Rising Stars in EECS and Heidelberg Laureate Forum Young Researcher 2020 Best Short Paper Award at IEEE VL/HCC and Honourable Mention at ACM CHI 2019 Best Paper Award at ACM CSCW Dr. Wang actively mentors students through thesis projects at ETH Zürich, supervising numerous bachelor's and master's students on topics ranging from AI-assisted programming to data literacy tools. Her lab, PEACH Lab, has secured funding including the recent innovedum funding for the Coducate project. She serves on program committees for major conferences including CHI and UIST, and regularly reviews for top HCI and education journals. The PEACH Lab, directed by Dr. Wang, focuses on creating expressive, intelligent, and human-centered systems that make technical topics more accessible. The lab explores textual, visual, and embodied representations for programming, with emphasis on enhancing communication, collaboration, and learning. Current research directions include balancing automation with user agency, supporting diverse learning needs, and developing tools for interdisciplinary technical communication.
Prof. Dr. Jörg E. Drewes is a Full Professor and Chair at the Research Institute for Urban Water Management, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany. He also serves as Academic Program Director for Environmental Engineering at TUM and is a co-founder of Waterloop Solutions GmbH. His work spans advanced water treatment technologies, wastewater reuse, and environmental health surveillance. Affiliations : TUM, Colorado School of Mines, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, UNSW Water Research Centre Research focuses on advanced oxidation processes , membrane fouling mitigation , micropollutant removal , and wastewater epidemiology for public health. His team develops integrated systems for water-energy-food nexus applications and graphene oxide-based treatment solutions. Recent publications address PFAS remediation , UVC-LED pre-treatment for biofouling control, and GIS-based wastewater surveillance models . Awards include the Bayerische Staatsmedaille (2023) and William Dunbar Medal (2022). 2023 : Bayerische Staatsmedaille 2022 : William Dunbar Medal 2018 : IWA Fellow He leads the Nexus@TUM initiative and contributes to EU water resilience strategies. Collaborations include projects in Germany, China, India, and Spain, focusing on climate-resilient water systems and resource recovery .
