جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

• Digital Signal Processing
• Biomedical Engineering
• Audio Processing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Rafik Goubran is a Professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering and Design, Carleton University. He holds the distinguished title of Chancellor’s Professor and currently serves as the Vice-President (Research and International). He earned his Ph.D. from Carleton University and is a licensed Professional Engineer (P.Eng.). His research expertise spans digital signal processing, biomedical engineering, audio processing, and the development of smart environments for senior independent living, with applications in patient monitoring, sensor systems, and real-time analytics. Dr. Goubran's recent publications highlight a strong focus on applying machine learning and sensor technologies to healthcare challenges, particularly in gerontechnology. His work involves non-invasive monitoring of sleep apnea, cognitive decline, driving behavior in older adults, and ambient health monitoring using smart homes and IoT systems. He explores innovative methods such as using pressure mats, audio analysis, and video magnification for vital sign detection and behavioral assessment. Life Fellow, IEEE Fellow, Canadian Academy of Engineering (CAE) Chancellor’s Professor, Carleton University Dr. Goubran has co-supervised 24 Ph.D. and 72 Master’s students and has secured significant research funding from NSERC, CIHR, NCE, and OCE for projects related to aging, health monitoring, and smart technologies. He is the co-leader of the TAFETA project and was the founding Director of the Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering. His work involves extensive collaboration with institutions like the Bruyère Research Institute and industry partners such as QNX and BlackBerry. He leads a research lab focused on technology-assisted environments, developing systems for patient monitoring, fall detection, and cognitive assessment, contributing significantly to the field of assistive and ambient intelligence for healthcare.

Tony Szturmمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Technology-assisted rehabilitation
• Telerehabilitation
• Game-based rehabilitation
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Tony Szturm is a Professor and Senior Scholar in the Department of Physical Therapy at the College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba. His work bridges clinical rehabilitation and engineering innovation, focusing on technology-assisted and game-based therapeutic interventions delivered through telerehabilitation platforms. Institution: University of Manitoba School: College of Rehabilitation Sciences Department: Department of Physical Therapy Location: Bannatyne Campus, Winnipeg, MB Dr. Szturm holds a BSc in Biology and a BSc in Physical Therapy from the University of Western Ontario, and a PhD in Neurophysiology from the University of Manitoba. His research is deeply interdisciplinary, integrating wireless sensors, digital media, and interactive systems to support rehabilitation in both clinical and home environments. His primary research interests include technology-assisted rehabilitation , telerehabilitation , game-based motor training , and neurological recovery across diverse populations such as stroke survivors, children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, individuals with traumatic brain injuries, Parkinson’s patients, and aging adults. A key focus is enhancing accessibility, accountability, and engagement in therapy through innovative, low-cost digital tools. The 15 most recent inferred articles reflect a strong trend toward digital health innovation , remote monitoring , and interdisciplinary rehabilitation engineering . These works span areas such as upper limb recovery, balance and gait training, dual-task performance, vestibular rehabilitation, and patient engagement. The integration of wearable sensors, real-time feedback, and gamification principles is a consistent theme, demonstrating his commitment to translating research into practical, scalable solutions. Dr. Szturm is actively involved in mentoring, supervising postdoctoral fellows, PhD, and master's students through the Mentoring of Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP) Program, fostering collaboration between rehabilitation sciences and engineering disciplines. While no formal scientific awards are listed, his leadership in high-impact, publicly featured research projects underscores his contribution to the field. His lab and research group focus on developing and evaluating plug-and-play rehabilitation technologies that can be deployed in resource-limited settings, including international applications such as projects in India. These initiatives emphasize affordability, usability, and clinical effectiveness, aiming to expand access to high-quality rehabilitation globally.

• Internet of Things
• Assisted Living Environments
• Smart Sensors
• +۱۲ مورد دیگر

Mariana Catela Jacob Rodrigues is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Digital Technologies at Iscte – University Institute of Lisbon and an Associate Researcher at the Institute of Telecommunications – IUL, where she works within the Instrumentation and Measurements Group. She holds a PhD in Information Technologies and Systems from Iscte, completed in 2024, following a Master’s and Bachelor’s degree in Telecommunications and Computer Engineering from the same institution. Her research interests span a multidisciplinary range of topics, including: Internet of Things (IoT) Assisted Living Environments Smart Sensors and Wearable Devices Cardiorespiratory and Physiological Monitoring Environmental and Air Quality Monitoring Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Mobile Application Development Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation The analysis of her recent publications reveals a strong focus on the integration of sensor technologies and AI for health and environmental applications. Her work frequently involves the development and evaluation of unobtrusive monitoring systems in ambient assisted living contexts, with specific attention to indoor localization, fall detection, and the impact of environmental stimuli—such as lighting and music—on autonomic nervous system responses. Much of her research is published in IEEE conferences and journals related to instrumentation, sensors, and medical measurements. Her scientific achievements include: Best Student Paper Award at the IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (2022) ISTA Top Talent 2018-2019 (awarded in 2020) Best Student Paper Award at the 2nd International Symposium on Sensing and Instrumentation in IoT Era (2019) Mariana Rodrigues is actively involved in academic service and outreach. She has served on the organizing committees of multiple scientific events, including the International Symposium on Sensing and Instrumentation in IoT Era and several summer schools on Smart Systems for Ambient Assisted Living. She currently holds leadership positions in IEEE, serving as Chair of the IEEE Women in Engineering (WIE) Affinity Group and the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society Chapter at Iscte. She has also contributed to science communication through events like the ISCTE Summer School on “Healthy and Sustainable Environment.”

Massoud Zolgharniمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Computer Vision
• Medical Imaging
• Artificial Intelligence
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Massoud Zolgharni is a Professor of Computer Vision at the School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London. He joined UWL as a Senior Lecturer in 2018 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2020. Previously, he held academic positions at the University of Lincoln and was a Research Associate at Imperial College London. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and leads the MSc Artificial Intelligence and PhD programs at UWL. BSc in Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology Master’s and PhD, Brunel and Swansea Universities, UK His research focuses on computer vision and medical imaging , particularly in automated cardiac imaging using AI and deep learning . His work aims to develop low-cost, non-invasive techniques for echocardiography and cardiovascular diagnostics. He has published extensively in journals such as Computers in Biology and Medicine , IEEE Transactions , and European Heart Journal . Recent publications (2023–2025) highlight his leadership in AI-driven echocardiography, including left ventricle segmentation, Doppler analysis, and multimodal seizure detection. His research integrates deep learning, signal processing, and real-world clinical validation, establishing a strong interdisciplinary profile bridging computing and medicine. Scientific Awards : Fellow of the Higher Education Academy He has secured major grants from the British Heart Foundation , including a £1.5M Programme Grant (2022–2027) on AI integration in echocardiography. He serves on university research committees, acts as Critical Reader for the School, and organizes the monthly research seminar. He teaches across a wide range of computing and AI programs, contributing to curriculum development and research supervision.

• Wireless Systems and Networks
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Digital Twin
• +۹ مورد دیگر

Luciano Bononi is a Full Professor and Deputy Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Bologna. He holds a PhD in Computer Science (2002) and has been active in academia since 2001, progressing through roles like Researcher, Senior Researcher, Associate Professor (2011), and Full Professor (2020). His research focuses on Wireless Systems, IoT, Digital Twins, Smart Cities, and Mobile Applications , with over 160 peer-reviewed publications and major contributions to EU projects like Arrowhead and IoE. Education: MS (Laurea) in Computer Science, University of Bologna (1997, Summa cum Laude) PhD in Computer Science, University of Bologna (2002) Research Interests: Bononi's work spans Wireless Protocols, IoT Platforms, Digital Twin Integration with AI, Smart Mobility/ Energy Systems, and Edge Computing . He leads the WiLMA Lab and the ALMA-AI CoInnovation Lab , focusing on real-world IoT deployments and smart city solutions. Key Contributions: Coordinated EU projects like Arrowhead (2013-2017) and national initiatives like PNRR-Mobility-Spoke 7 Recipient of 4 Best Paper Awards and top rankings in global scientist databases Editorial roles at 7 journals including Wiley's Wireless Communications and Elsevier's Ad Hoc Networks Organized over 15 international conferences as Chair and participated in 200+ TPC roles Labs & Teams: Directs the WiLMA Lab (Wireless Systems and Mobile Apps) and the ALMA-AI CoInnovation Lab , emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration between academia and industry.

Zahra Ebrahimi Mamaghaniمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Approximate Computing
• Reconfigurable Accelerator Design
• In-Network Computing for 5G/6G
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Zahra Ebrahimi Mamaghani is an academic researcher affiliated with the Embedded Systems team at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum. Her work focuses on approximate computing, reconfigurable accelerators, and energy-efficient embedded systems. She completed her B.Sc. and M.Sc. at Sharif University of Technology (Iran) and is a PhD student at TU Dresden. She managed the X-DNet (BMBF-funded, collaborating with Huawei) and GREEN-DNN (acatech/BMDV-funded) projects, emphasizing distributed and in-network computing for 5G/6G applications. Education: B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran PhD Candidate at TU Dresden (Cfaed Institute, 2018–2024) Research Projects: ReAp (DFG, 2018–2021) Relearning (ESF, 2021–2023) X-ReAp (DFG, 2023–2025) X-DNet (BMBF, with Huawei) GREEN-DNN (acatech/BMDV) Research Interests: Approximate computing, energy-efficient edge-to-cloud systems, SW/HW co-design, and reconfigurable architectures for 5G/6G. Her recent publications emphasize cross-layer approximation techniques, energy-efficient CGRAs, and distributed computing frameworks for multi-kernel applications. She advises students on topics like approximation of ML models for high-throughput systems, requiring expertise in FPGA programming (Verilog/VHDL), Python, and ML frameworks like TensorFlow/PyTorch. Her lab focuses on embedded systems and collaborates with industry partners like Huawei. She holds a notable position in managing interdisciplinary projects bridging academia and industry, particularly in sustainable computing for next-generation networks.

• Mechanical Engineering
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Finite Element Analysis
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Ambarish Kulkarni is an Associate Professor at Swinburne University of Technology's School of Engineering, specializing in mechanical design, virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR), and electric vehicle (EV) technologies. His research focuses on product design, EV drivetrains, battery packaging, medical devices, and bushfire shelter design. He holds a PhD from Swinburne, a Master's from Queensland University of Technology, and a Bachelor's from the Indian Institute of Industrial Engineering. Research interests span finite element analysis, bio-mechanical modeling, and Industry 4.0 applications. Notable projects include Bombardier Tram development, therapeutic sleep systems, and smart manufacturing frameworks. He has supervised over 20 HDR students on topics ranging from predictive maintenance to extended reality in education. Awards include the Teaching Excellence Award (2016) and Premier's Design Awards for medical and safety innovations. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) and actively involved in professional bodies like SAE International. Grants funded projects on hydrogen generators, smart manufacturing systems, and graphene supercapacitors. His work bridges academia and industry through collaborations with firms like Bambach Wires and iMOVE Australia.

• Wireless Sensor Networks
• Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI)
• EEG Signal Processing
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Alexander Bertrand is a Professor at the Faculty of Engineering Sciences , KU Leuven, heading the Dynamic Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analysis (STADIUS) division. He leads the Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) and contributes to Leuven.AI institute, with expertise spanning wireless sensor networks, brain-computer interfaces (BCI), and biomedical signal processing. Research Focus : Wireless acoustic/EEG sensor networks, distributed signal enhancement, adaptive filtering, neural decoding of auditory/visual attention, and AI-driven time series analysis. Key Projects : EEG-Linx platform for modular brain recordings (2025-2027) Calibration-free BCI systems (2025-2029) AI quality assessment for time series data (2024-2028) Wireless EEG patches for hearing technology (2024) Publications (2023-2025) demonstrate leadership in distributed signal processing , auditory attention BCI , and scalable sensor architectures , with applications in education, healthcare, and wearable tech. Teaching includes courses on digital signal processing, biomedical data analysis, and medical technology design.

Jürgen Bechtloffمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Mechatronics
• Automation Technology
• Digital Production
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Bechtloff serves as Professor of Measurement, Control and Regulation Technology at the South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences since 1998. He has held significant administrative roles including Founding Dean of Mechanical and Industrial Economics (2002-2004), Dean of Engineering and Economics (2004-2012), and Head of Scientific Center for Dual Studies and Continuing Education (2012-2019). His academic career spans industrial experience at Klöckner-Moeller GmbH (1992-1998) and academic research at TU Braunschweig (1987-1992). Education: Diplom from TU Braunschweig (1987), Dr.-Ing. from TU Braunschweig (1992) Laboratory: Operates the TransferFactory Industry 4.0 demonstrator since 2013 Research Focus: Industrial automation systems, particularly in Industry 4.0 implementation, Digital Production methodologies, and Mechatronic Systems simulation. His work emphasizes practical solutions for real-world challenges in: IoT gateway and platform integration Feasibility studies and implementation support Control engineering and measurement technology Electronics cam systems for motion control Robotic programming and interpolation methods Publication Trends: 15 most recent publications (2000-2020) demonstrate consistent focus on Industry 4.0 implementation, Mechatronics , and Digital Production technologies. His work bridges theoretical concepts with practical applications through case studies and demonstrator projects like the TransferFactory system. Teaching Contributions: Coordinates courses in Mechatronic Systems and Simulation and Digital Production for both bachelor and master programs, with emphasis on project-oriented learning and practical implementation of automation concepts using modern tools like MATLAB/Simulink. Technology Transfer: Provides services in measurement technology (data processing/visualization), control engineering (simulation and implementation), and mechatronics (3D motion design, kinematic analysis). Operates with state-of-the-art equipment including Beckhoff TwinCAT, Siemens S7/TIA systems, ABB/Kuka robots, and MES platforms.

• Control Systems
• System Identification
• Signal Processing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Juan Luis Zamora Macho is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Automation at the School of Engineering, Comillas Pontifical University. He is also a researcher at the Technological Research Institute (IIT), where he has been affiliated since 1991. His academic and research career is deeply rooted in electrical systems, with a focus on control, identification, and signal processing. His research interests include control systems , system identification , signal processing , power electronics , and renewable energy integration . He has made significant contributions to the development of control strategies for dynamic voltage restorers, unified power quality conditioners, and HVDC systems. His work bridges theoretical control design with practical applications in smart grids and industrial automation. The analysis of his recent publications (2018–2023) reveals a sustained focus on power quality improvement , harmonic suppression , and advanced control algorithms (e.g., resonant, repetitive, and multi-reference-frame controllers) applied to power electronics devices. Earlier works emphasize motor control and parameter estimation in induction machines, showcasing a long-term research trajectory in system modeling and real-time control. Director of the Connected Industry Chair Award for the best Final Degree Project 2022-23 Director of the 1st Prize, ICAI Industrial Innovation Association, for the best Final Year Project 2010-11 Juan Luis Zamora Macho has supervised multiple PhD students, including M. Ochoa and J. Roldán-Pérez, and currently advises J. García-Aguilar and D. Cubillo Llanes. He has led numerous research projects funded by public agencies (e.g., Ministry of Science, FEDER) and industry partners such as Siemens Gamesa, Gamesa, and Endesa. His project portfolio includes work on wind turbine integration, HVDC-VSC systems, and smart grid technologies. He has also delivered training courses and organized academic events, demonstrating strong engagement in knowledge transfer and academic leadership. He is actively involved in research teams and laboratories focused on power systems and control at IIT, contributing to both fundamental and applied research in electrical engineering. His collaboration network includes researchers from national and international institutions, reflected in joint publications and technical reports.

Martin Parkerمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Sound Design
• Computer Music
• Improvisation
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Martin Parker is a Senior Lecturer and Programme Director of the MSc in Sound Design at the University of Edinburgh 's Reid School of Music . A composer, improviser, and laptop soloist, his work explores intersections of computer music , sonic art , and live electronics , with international collaborations across theatre, symphony orchestras, and visual artists. PhD in Composition (2003), University of Edinburgh MA and BA in Music (University of Manchester) His research focuses on sound design for interactive environments, twenty-first century music technology , and improvisation . Recent projects include the BRAID Research Fellowship on AI and creativity, alongside 81 total research outputs spanning compositions, performances, and technical datasets. Current research trends include: Transdisciplinary approaches to sound Immersive audio systems Human-computer interaction in performance Real-time sound processing Supervision includes advising on PhD topics in acoustics , electroacoustic composition , and music for screen . Notable contributions include: Co-founding the Lapslap free improvisation trio Artistic Directorship of the Dialogues Festival since 2014 Development of the Sound Lab Edinburgh research infrastructure Scientific awards: BRAID Research Fellowship (2024–2025)

Elias N. Zoisمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Digital Signal Processing
• Image Processing
• Pattern Recognition
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Elias N. Zois is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering at the University of West Attica, where he has taught since 2019. Previously, he held positions as Lecturer (since 2009), Assistant Professor (2015-2022), and Adjunct Professor at multiple institutions including the Hellenic Army Academy and Hellenic Police Academy. He received his B.Sc. (1994), M.Sc. (1997), and Ph.D. (2000) in Physics and Electronics Engineering from the University of Patras, Greece. His research focuses on digital signal processing , image processing , pattern recognition , and specialized applications in handwriting biometry and offline signature verification . Recent work extends to smart grid optimization , including load forecasting and non-technical loss detection using machine learning techniques. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications reveals strong interdisciplinary trends: 60% focus on advanced biometric verification using Riemannian geometry and metric learning, while 40% apply machine learning to energy systems. Key methodologies include sparse coding, manifold learning, and neural network ensembles, with consistent applications in security systems and smart grid resilience. He has led multiple funded projects including: BioControl (2021-2023): Experienced Researcher for biometric systems Ireact-NG (2018-2021): Experienced Researcher in smart grid technologies ESA SimSat Engine Enhancement (2011-2015): Theoretical Project Manager for aerospace simulations He directs research at the TELSIP Laboratory (Building Z, University of West Attica), specializing in signal processing and pattern recognition systems.

• Digital Rights Management
• Multimedia Content Management
• Healthcare Information Systems
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Jaime Delgado is a prominent researcher with over three decades of contributions to digital rights management, healthcare information systems, and security and privacy in eHealth. With an extensive publication record spanning from 1994 to 2025, Delgado has established themselves as a leading expert at the intersection of computer science and healthcare, developing practical frameworks that enhance security, privacy, and interoperability in medical systems. Delgado's research spans multiple critical domains: Digital Rights Management and Multimedia Content Security Healthcare Information Systems and eHealth Applications Security and Privacy in Medical Data Management Ontologies and Semantic Web Technologies for Healthcare Genomic Information Systems and FAIR Data Principles Trustworthy Media Systems and Provenance Tracking Analysis of recent publications (2021-2025) reveals a strategic shift toward healthcare applications, particularly focusing on security requirements for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), privacy-enhancing techniques for medical data, and genomic information systems. Delgado's work demonstrates consistent development of practical architectures addressing real-world security challenges in healthcare settings, with increasing collaboration with medical professionals and participation in European health informatics initiatives like the MedSecurance Project. Delgado has received recognition for contributions to standardization efforts, particularly in developing frameworks for media trustworthiness and international standards for assessing trust in digital media. Their work on the JPEG Privacy and Security framework has significantly influenced industry practices. Through extensive collaboration with researchers like Silvia Llorente (43 joint publications), Eva Rodríguez (29 publications), and Rubén Tous (26 publications), Delgado has built a strong research network across European institutions. Their work consistently combines theoretical framework development with practical implementation considerations, addressing the critical balance between security requirements and clinical workflow usability. Delgado's laboratory work centers on developing secure frameworks for medical data management, with recent emphasis on genomic information systems, provenance tracking in eHealth, and security requirements for medical IoT devices. Their research group actively participates in European health informatics initiatives and contributes to international standards development, maintaining exceptional productivity with 4-7 publications annually in recent years.

Stefanos Papadakisمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس

• Software Defined Radio
• Cognitive Radios
• Radio Resource Management
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Stefanos Papadakis serves as a Research Staff Scientist at the Telecommunications and Networks Laboratory (TNL) of the Institute of Computer Science at Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) and holds an Adjunct Lecturer position in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Crete. Since 2001, he has pioneered hardware and software prototyping at TNL-FORTH, currently leading the Software Defined Radio (SDR) group he established to drive vertical integration from physical layer design to application development. His educational foundation includes a Physics degree (2001) and M.Sc. (2004) and Ph.D. (2009) in Computer Science, all earned at the University of Crete. Teaching responsibilities encompass core courses CS-330: Introduction to Telecommunication Systems Theory and CS-435: Network Technology & Programming. Papadakis' research spans wireless innovation frontiers including software-defined/cognitive radios, spectrum sharing, heterogeneous networking, position location, radio propagation modeling, and emergency communications. His work emphasizes practical implementation, yielding functional prototypes across the entire communications stack. Notable contributions include GPU-accelerated SDR frameworks, robust spectrum virtualization techniques, and emergency response communication systems validated through international competitions. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications (2010-2016) reveals dominant themes in SDR optimization for IoT and critical communications, with significant focus on GPU parallelization, interference management in dense networks, and real-time spectrum sharing mechanisms. His experimental approach consistently bridges theoretical models with hardware validation, particularly in emergency response and heterogeneous network scenarios. Key recognitions include: Ericsson Award of Excellence in Telecommunications for position location research First place in PENED doctoral proposal competition Fourth place in IEEE DySPAN 2015 5G Spectrum Challenge Second place in Virginia Tech ShaRC 2016 with the 'Skynet' cognitive radio system Mentorship spans 16 undergraduate projects (11 completed), 8 M.Sc. students (3 completed theses), and 1 Ph.D. candidate. His research is sustained through major EU and national projects including REDComm (emergency communications), EU-MESH (metropolitan networks), RERUM (IoT security), and Heraklion smart city initiatives. The SDR group maintains critical infrastructure like the Heraklion metropolitan wireless network, FORTH campus network, and specialized mobile emergency nodes equipped with multi-radio SDR platforms, satellite transceivers, and high-performance computing resources.

Toros Arikanمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Signal Processing
• Remote Sensing
• Underwater Acoustics
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Dr. Toros Arikan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Notre Dame's College of Engineering. His research focuses on signal processing for remote sensing applications, with particular emphasis on underwater acoustics and indoor radio frequency systems. He applies deep learning techniques to solve complex problems in environmental mapping, localization, and tracking. B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Arikan's work addresses fundamental challenges in underwater acoustic localization, reverberant environment modeling, and challenging-environment communications. His recent publications highlight neural network-based solutions for Steiner minimum trees and boundary estimation problems. His research on HF communications systems spans topics including low-latency transmission, Doppler tolerance, and modem design for underwater applications. Earlier work includes biomedical ultrasound signal processing for blood velocity estimation.