جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Esther Dufloمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Development Economics
• Poverty Alleviation
• Health
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Esther Duflo is the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics in the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is also co-founder and co-director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), holds the Chaire, Pauvreté et politiques publiques at the Collège de France, and serves as President of the Paris School of Economics. Her research focuses on understanding the economic lives of people living in poverty to help design and evaluate social policies. Her work spans multiple domains including: Development Economics Poverty Alleviation strategies Health interventions Educational programs Financial inclusion initiatives Environmental policy Governance improvements Duflo revolutionized developmental economics by pioneering the use of randomized controlled trials to test poverty reduction measures. Her empirical approach has challenged conventional opinions about development and has helped improve the efficient use of resources in poverty alleviation programs worldwide. She co-authored the influential books "Poor Economics" and "Good Economics for Hard Times" with Abhijit Banerjee, demonstrating through field experiments how specific interventions (like providing lentils to mothers for child immunization) can dramatically improve social outcomes. Her notable scientific achievements include: Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (2019) Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences (2015) Infosys Prize (2014) John Bates Clark Medal (2010) MacArthur "Genius Grant" Fellowship (2009) A.SK Social Science Award (2015) Duflo has established J-PAL as a global network of over a hundred affiliated professors who use scientific evidence to inform policy decisions in the fight against poverty. J-PAL has offices across Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, and South and Southeast Asia. Her work has demonstrated the crucial importance of information in policymaking, with numerous field experiments showing how carefully designed interventions can have significant impacts on social outcomes across multiple domains including health, education, and economic opportunity.

Catherine Greenhillمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Combinatorics
• Graph Theory
• Applied Probability
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Professor Catherine Greenhill is a faculty member at the School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney , where she serves as Professor and head of the Combinatorics group. Her academic career spans institutions including the University of Queensland, University of Oxford, University of Leeds, University of Melbourne, and Australian National University. D.Phil., University of Oxford (1996) M.Sc. (Research) in Combinatorics (1992) B.Sc. (Hons) in Pure Mathematics (1991) Her research focuses on the intersection of discrete mathematics , theoretical computer science , and probability , particularly in asymptotic combinatorics , probabilistic methods , and analysis of algorithms . Her work includes asymptotic enumeration of combinatorial structures and design of randomized algorithms for graph sampling and counting. Her recent publications (2025–2021) center on random graphs and hypergraphs , with key contributions to switch Markov chains , degree sequence analysis , and chromatic number bounds . These works reflect her expertise in probabilistic combinatorics and algorithmic complexity . Scientific Awards: Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2022) Christopher Heyde Medal in Pure Mathematics (2015) June Griffith Fellowship (2013) Hall Medal (2010) Advising and Grants: She has supervised numerous PhD/Masters students and secured multiple ARC Discovery Grants (2019–2021, 2014–2016, 2012–2014). Her grants address topics like hypergraph modeling, random discrete structures, and network analysis in illicit drug trafficking.

Sheng Shenمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Nanophotonics
• Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion
• Advanced Manufacturing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Sheng Shen is a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) , with courtesy appointments in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering . He earned his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (Minor in Electrical Engineering) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , and his B.S. and M.S. from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China. Prior to joining CMU in 2011, he conducted postdoctoral research at UC-Berkeley . Education: Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, MIT (2010) B.S. & M.S., Power Engineering & Engineering Thermophysics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2000 & 2003) Research interests include nanophotonics , nanoscale energy transport and conversion , nanofabrication , and advanced manufacturing , with applications in thermal management , light sources and devices , thermal emission control , solar energy conversion , infrared sensing , and multifunctional materials . His work leverages interdisciplinary expertise in thermal and optical measurements , material synthesis , device fabrication , and theoretical modeling . Recent publications highlight advancements in infrared radiation control , thermal interface materials , metasurface engineering , and graphene-based nanosystems . His scientific awards include: NSF CAREER Award DARPA Director's Fellowship DARPA Young Faculty Award Elsevier/JQSRT Raymond Viskanta Award CMU Dean's Early Career Fellowship Philomathia Foundation Research Fellowship Hewlett-Packard Best Paper Award Best Paper Award, Julius Springer Forum Advising spans Ph.D. and postdoctoral researchers in nanoscale energy systems, with alumni contributing to solar energy conversion , infrared sensing , and flexible electronics . His lab receives funding from ARL, DARPA, DOE, DTRA, NASA, NSF, and ONR , and recently secured a DURIP award for instrumentation.

Andrew Mitchellمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• International Economic Law
• Public International Law
• International Trade Law
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Andrew Mitchell is a Professor at the Faculty of Law, Monash University, and a member of the WTO Dispute Settlement Panelists Indicative List. He has extensive legal practice experience with Allens Arthur Robinson and consults for governments, international organizations, and the private sector. Mitchell has taught law in Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Singapore, and the US. He holds law degrees from the University of Melbourne, Harvard Law School, and a PhD from the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on international economic law, public international law, and digital trade governance, with a particular emphasis on the intersection of trade law and public health. Mitchell has secured six major grants, including an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship, and has authored over 170 books and articles. He serves as an editor for Edward Elgar’s International Economic Law Series and multiple journal editorial boards. Recent projects include 'Safeguarding Health in International Investment Agreements' (2022–2025) 'Maritime Cooperation for a Sustainable Indo-Pacific' (2021–2022) 'Global E-Commerce and Cottage Industries in India' (2020–2021) He has contributed to policy submissions on bilateral investment treaties and delivered lectures on data sovereignty and digital trade. His awards include editorial leadership roles at journals like the Journal of World Investment and Trade and Asia Pacific Law Review .

Erik Ketzanمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس

• Digital Humanities
• Computational Literary Studies
• Legal and Ethical Issues in Research Data
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Erik Ketzan is a Lecturer in Digital Humanities and Cultural Computation at King's College London. He holds a PhD in English/Digital Humanities from Birkbeck, University of London, and has held postdoctoral roles at the University of Cologne and Trinity College Dublin, where he coordinated the MA in Digital Humanities and Culture. His research focuses on computational literary studies, legal/ethical issues in digital research, and corpus stylistics. He has published widely on topics such as Thomas Pynchon’s computational stylistics, legal frameworks for digital humanities research, and gender bias in historical texts. His work includes developing tools like Coleto for textual variant analysis and co-authoring the book *Thomas Pynchon and the Digital Humanities* (2022). Ketzan actively engages in policy advocacy, advising on copyright and data protection in DH, and has contributed to projects like CLARIN and the Leibniz Institute for the German Language. Education: PhD in English/Digital Humanities, Birkbeck, University of London Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Cologne (EncycNet Project) Postdoctoral Research and Teaching Fellow, Trinity College Dublin Research Interests: Computational approaches to literary analysis, legal challenges in data-driven research, corpus stylistics, and gender studies in historical corpora. Teaching: Courses include Python for the humanities, computational literary studies, and legal issues in digital humanities.

• Corporate Finance
• Mergers and Acquisitions
• Law and Finance
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Azizjon ALIMOV is a Full Professor at IÉSEG School of Management (University of Lille, France), specializing in Corporate Finance, Mergers and Acquisitions, and Law and Finance. He holds a Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Oregon (2007) and an MBA from Central Michigan University (2001). His HDR (Habilitation) in Management Sciences was awarded by the University of Lille in 2023. His research focuses on corporate governance, cross-border M&A dynamics, and the interplay between legal frameworks and financial decision-making. Key themes include intellectual property rights' impact on corporate debt costs, product market competition effects on corporate cash holdings, and government borrowing influences on acquisition strategies. His work frequently examines global contexts, with studies spanning North America, Asia, and Europe. Notable publications include analyses of IPO staging mechanisms (2024), managerial discipline through trade liberalization (2023), and the role of labor protection laws in loan contracting (2015). His recent work emphasizes reproducibility in management science methodology (2023) and cross-border regulatory challenges in M&A. No scientific awards are explicitly listed; however, his extensive publication record reflects sustained academic contributions. He has advised students across institutions including City University of Hong Kong and the Sauder School of Business, though specific advisee names are not documented here. His professional experience includes roles at the University of Arizona (2008–2010), California State University (2007–2008), and as an HSBC Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of British Columbia (2016–2018). He currently leads the Finance Track at IÉSEG, contributing to programs like the Grande École Master’s in Finance and MSc Corporate Finance courses.

• Food Business Management
• Food Innovation
• Innovation Management
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Dimitrios Skalkos serves as a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, holding the specific title of Professor of Innovation Management in Food Businesses. His office is located in building X2, room X2-206c on the Ioannina Campus (45110 Ioannina), and he leads the Food Chemistry Laboratory. He earned his Basic Degree in Chemistry from the University of Ioannina (1980-1985) followed by a Doctoral Degree from the University of Toledo, USA (1986-1989) with dissertation research on "Di- and Tetrahydroporphyrins: Syntheses and Antitumor Activities". Skalkos's research spans Food Business Management, Food Innovation, and Innovation Management, with specialized focus on Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Aromatic Plants, Innovative Foods, and Strategic Marketing. His work bridges academic research with industry applications in food systems, emphasizing Greek agricultural products and pandemic-era consumer behavior. His 36 publications (2020-2024) reveal strong trends in post-pandemic food innovation, consumer perception of traditional Greek foods, functional food development (particularly olive oil, cheese, and grape by-products), and sustainable agri-food supply chains. Key thematic clusters include traceability systems, bioactive properties of novel foods, and economic impacts on food choices. He has actively supervised Master's and PhD students through departmental presentations, directed 23 research programs, and organized 15 seminars and conferences. His laboratory website ( https://foods.chem.uoi.gr ) showcases ongoing food chemistry innovations.

Anca Draganمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Human-AI Interaction
• Human-Robot Interaction
• AI Safety and Alignment
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Anca Dragan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, where she runs the InterACT Lab focused on algorithms for human-AI and human-robot interaction. Currently on leave from Berkeley, she leads AI Safety and Alignment at Google DeepMind, overseeing safety for Gemini models and preparing for future advancements. Dragan has been a co-PI of the Center for Human-Compatible AI and served on the steering committee for the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab. B.Sc. in Computer Science from Jacobs University Bremen, Germany Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Dragan's research focuses on enabling AI agents to work effectively with, around, and in support of people. Her work bridges robotics, machine learning, and game theory to create systems that better understand human preferences and coordinate with users. Key areas include AI alignment (ensuring AI does what people actually want), learning reward functions from diverse human feedback forms, and developing algorithms for human-AI collaboration across domains like autonomous vehicles, brain-machine interfaces, and recommender systems. Her research emphasizes maintaining uncertainty about human preferences and accounting for the plurality of human values. Dr. Dragan's recent publications reveal a strong focus on addressing fundamental challenges in AI safety and alignment. Her work spans theoretical foundations of reward learning, practical implementations for human-AI coordination, and critical examinations of limitations in current approaches. There's a clear trajectory toward more robust, safe, and value-aligned AI systems that can handle complex human preferences while avoiding both present-day harms and potential catastrophic risks. IEEE RAS Early Academic Career Award in Robotics and Automation (2021) McEntyre Award for Excellence in Teaching (2020) PECASE (Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering) (2019) Sloan Fellowship (2018) NSF CAREER Award (2017) Okawa Foundation Award (2017) MIT Tech Review 35 Innovators Under 35 (2017) Multiple best paper awards at top robotics and AI conferences Dr. Dragan has mentored numerous successful students who have gone on to faculty positions at MIT, Stanford, CMU, and Princeton, as well as industry roles at DeepMind, Waymo, and Meta. Her advising philosophy emphasizes both technical rigor and consideration of broader societal impacts. She has secured significant research funding including NSF CAREER, ONR Young Investigator, and Okawa Foundation awards, supporting work on human-AI interaction and alignment. Dragan has also consulted for Waymo for six years, helping develop roadmaps for deploying increasingly learning-based safety-critical systems. Dr. Dragan leads the InterACT Lab at UC Berkeley, which has produced influential work on Cooperative Inverse Reinforcement Learning, Inverse Reward Design, and other foundational concepts in human-AI interaction. The lab's research has significantly shaped the field of AI alignment, with applications spanning autonomous vehicles that coordinate with human drivers, brain-machine interfaces that adapt to user needs, and language models that better understand human preferences. Current work focuses on scaling safety approaches as AI capabilities advance, ensuring alignment keeps pace with technological progress.

Paul Gölzمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Social Choice Theory
• Algorithmic Fairness
• AI Ethics
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Paul Gölz is an Assistant Professor at Cornell University's School of Operations Research and Information Engineering (ORIE), with affiliations in Computer Science. His research focuses on computational social choice, algorithmic fairness, and AI ethics, addressing topics like democratic innovation, fair resource allocation, and AI systems for diverse users. Education: Undergraduate studies at Saarland University (Germany), PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University, followed by postdoctoral research at Harvard University, UC Berkeley, and the Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute. His work has been recognized with awards including the JPMorgan Chase AI Research Fellowship (2021) and honorable mentions for prestigious dissertation awards (Dantzig and ACM SIGecom). Research Highlights : Developed Panelot, a tool for selecting citizens' assemblies using state-of-the-art algorithms. His work on fair refugee resettlement and apportionment methods has been featured in Operations Research and Nature . Recent projects include AI alignment distortion analysis and generative social choice mechanisms. Teaching : Teaches Optimized Democracy (Spring 2025) and Mathematical Programming (Fall 2024). Supervises PhD students in ORIE, focusing on interdisciplinary applications of optimization and social choice. Awards & Grants : Received a $40K Structural Democracy Fellowship (Crankstart) and an OpenAI grant for Democratic Inputs to AI. Active in policy briefs (e.g., mini-public selection strategies). Labs/Tools : Co-developed Panelot.org , a nonprofit platform for fair citizen assembly selection. Active in open-source tool development for social choice applications.

Andrew Connorمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Ptolemaic Egypt
• Roman Egypt
• Papyrology
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Andrew Connor is a Senior Lecturer in Archaeology and Ancient History at Monash University. He specializes in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, papyrology, and the social and religious history of ancient Egyptian communities. His research focuses on Egyptian temples during the Roman period, ancient economic practices, and the editing and publication of documentary papyri. Connor has particular expertise in the Fayum depression and Dakhleh Oasis regions. Connor's publications demonstrate a consistent focus on Egyptian religious institutions, economic systems, and textual evidence from archaeological sites. His recent work includes publications on temple administration, Greek papyri, and digital archaeology. He has received multiple teaching awards including the Faculty Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning (2017), Faculty Citation for Overseas Programs (2018), and Vice Chancellor's Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning (2018). Connor teaches courses on Greek and Roman history, archaeology, and ancient languages at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. He serves as Honours Coordinator for the School of Philosophical, Historical, and International Studies.

Alessio Lomuscioمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning Verification
• Neural Network Verification
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Alessio Lomuscio is a Professor of Safe Artificial Intelligence at Imperial College London, holding the prestigious Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies and recognized as an ACM Distinguished Member. He leads the Safe AI Lab, which focuses on developing methods and tools for the verification of AI systems to ensure their safe and secure deployment in applications of societal importance. His research spans verification and robust learning for neural networks and decision trees, robust machine learning in aviation and finance, monitoring of machine learning systems, assurance for autonomous systems and AI, and verification and validation of neuro-symbolic systems. Lomuscio has made significant contributions to formal verification methods for AI systems, particularly in the context of safety-critical applications. His recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on neural network verification techniques, with applications across multiple domains including finance, aviation, and autonomous systems. His work bridges theoretical advances in formal methods with practical applications in real-world AI systems, addressing critical challenges in AI safety and trustworthiness. Scientific Awards: Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies ACM Distinguished Member Lomuscio has served in numerous leadership roles, including as Co-Director (2023-present) and Deputy Director (2019-2023) of the UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training in Safe and Trusted Artificial Intelligence. He has also held positions as Director of Strategy and Planning (2017-2020), Member of Management Committee (2013-2020), and Deputy Head of Department (2016-2017). His editorial service includes roles as Associate Editor for Artificial Intelligence Journal and Editorial Board Member for Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research and Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems. His research group actively mentors students and researchers, with current openings for PhD and postdoctoral positions focused on AI verification and safety. Lomuscio's work has established him as a leading figure in the field of safe and verifiable AI systems, with significant contributions to both theoretical foundations and practical applications.

Ashwin BALIGAمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• B2B Marketing
• Sales Management
• Service Recovery
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Ashwin BALIGA is an Assistant Professor of Sales at IÉSEG School of Management , France, since 2022. He holds a Ph.D. in B2B Marketing from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (2022), a Master of Technology in Engineering Management (2015), and a Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering (2011). Ph.D. in B2B Marketing, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (2022) Masters of Technology in Engineering Management, Manipal Institute of Technology (2015) Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Engineering, Mysore (2011) His research focuses on B2B Service Failure & Recovery , Mental Health in B2B Sales , Technology in B2B Sales , and Buyer-Supplier Relationships . Recent work includes systematic reviews and morphological analyses of DEI in B2B selling, mental health impacts, and tech-driven sales strategies. In 2025, he received the Best Reviewer Award from the Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management (JHTM). Additional accolades include the Sri N Kannan Prize for Best PhD Thesis in Marketing (2022), multiple gold medals for academic excellence (2015, 2011), and recognition for research contributions at NASMEI and the Sheth Foundation Doctoral Consortium. Baliga teaches Selling Techniques at the bachelor’s level and Services Marketing and Sales Management at the master’s level. He is a member of the Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM) and has contributed to journals like the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Journal of Business Research, and the International Journal of Mineral Processing.

Dean Ecklesمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Social Influence
• Network Analysis
• Causal Inference
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dean Eckles is an Associate Professor of Marketing at MIT Sloan School of Management and serves as an Associate Director of the MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society (IDSS). He is also affiliated with the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing through the Institute for Data, Systems & Society and its Statistics and Data Science Center. Additionally, he leads the analytics research area at the Initiative on the Digital Economy and organizes the annual Conference on Digital Experimentation (CODE@MIT). His educational background includes a BA in philosophy, BS and MS in cognitive science, MS in statistics, and PhD in communication, all from Stanford University. Prior to joining MIT, Eckles worked as a scientist at Facebook, where he contributed to areas including News Feed, messaging, advertising, tools for randomized experiments, and survey methods. He previously held research positions at Nokia and Yahoo. Eckles's research primarily focuses on social influence mediated by interactive technologies, examining how communication technologies mediate, amplify, and direct social influence. His work spans multiple specific areas including social interactions, contagion, and interventions in networks; experimental design and inference in networks; and methods for causal inference. His research often combines social science with advanced statistical methods. His notable publications include research on long ties in social networks and their relationship to economic prosperity, how network structure affects social contagions, and algorithmic transparency in social media platforms. His work has appeared in prestigious journals including PNAS and Nature Human Behaviour, and he has provided expert testimony before the US Senate on algorithmic ranking. Long ties, disruptive life events and economic prosperity (PNAS) Long ties accelerate noisy threshold-based contagions (Nature Human Behaviour) Algorithmic transparency and assessing effects of algorithmic ranking (Senate testimony) Eckles actively shares his research through social media platforms including Bluesky, Twitter, and Mastodon, as well as through his blog and contributions to the Gelman et al. blog. His work bridges academic research with practical applications in technology and policy.

Gloria Milena Monsalve Bravoمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر ارشد

• Multiscale Simulation
• Molecular Simulation
• Gas Permeation
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Dr. Gloria Milena Monsalve Bravo is an Advanced Queensland Industry Research Fellow and lecturer at The University of Queensland's School of Chemical Engineering, where she develops novel multiscale simulation techniques combining molecular simulations with macroscopic physics-based modeling to solve complex energy and environmental problems. Her interdisciplinary work bridges applied mathematics and engineering to improve understanding of phenomena in complex systems across chemical, biomedical, and ecological applications. Her research focuses on: Multiscale simulation techniques for complex systems Molecular simulations coupled with macroscopic modeling Gas permeation and separation in mixed-matrix membranes Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in mathematical models Applied mathematics for engineering problems Dr. Monsalve Bravo's publication record demonstrates a strong trajectory in membrane technology and computational modeling. Her recent work has advanced understanding of gas transport in novel membrane materials, particularly mixed-matrix membranes, with applications in carbon capture and hydrogen storage. She has made significant contributions to theoretical frameworks for modeling permeation in finite-sized composite systems and developed Bayesian approaches for analyzing parameter uncertainty in sorption predictions. Her research bridges fundamental science with practical applications in energy and environmental engineering. Her scientific contributions have been recognized through research funding including: ARC Research Hub for Value-Added Processing of Underutilised Carbon Wastes (2024-2029) Tailor-made composite membranes for greenhouse gas capture (2023-2026) through Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowships Dr. Monsalve Bravo actively mentors PhD students on cutting-edge projects related to membrane technology, catalyst development, and waste conversion. She collaborates extensively across disciplines, as evidenced by her diverse publication record spanning chemical engineering, materials science, and environmental applications.

Martin T. Wellsمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Applied Statistics
• Theoretical Statistics
• Bayesian Statistics
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Martin T. Wells is the Charles A. Alexander Professor of Statistical Sciences at Cornell University, with joint appointments in the Department of Statistical Science, Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Department of Social Statistics, and as Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research at Weill Medical School. He serves as Editor-in-Chief of the ASA-SIAM Book Series and Co-Editor of the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Weill Cornell Medical College Research Interests span applied and theoretical statistics, Bayesian methods, biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, and computational biology. His work bridges disciplines like finance, legal studies, and health services research. Article Trends highlight advancements in Bayesian modeling, quantum cognition machine learning, tensor analysis, and misclassification correction, with applications in genomics, finance, and public health. Fellow of the American Statistical Association Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society Contributions include developing statistical software (e.g., rTensor), methodological innovations in clinical trials, and empirical legal studies on civil rights and the death penalty.