جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Gonzalo Guillén Gosálbezمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Process Systems Engineering
• Sustainable Chemistry
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Gonzalo Guillén Gosálbez is a Full Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich. He holds a PhD in Process Systems Engineering (UPC, 2005) and has held academic positions at Imperial College London (Reader), University of Manchester (Senior Lecturer), and Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Assistant/Associate Professor). His research focuses on Sustainable Chemical Processes , integrating life cycle assessment, optimization techniques, and planetary boundary analysis to evaluate and design low-carbon technologies. Current position: Full Professor, ETH Zürich (2019–present) Prior roles: Imperial College London (2016–2019), University of Manchester (2014–2016), URV Spain (2008–2014) Education: PhD (UPC, 2005), MEng/BEng (University of Murcia) His research explores CO2 valorization , green methanol synthesis , circular marine fuels , and planetary boundary compliance in energy and chemical systems. Recent work emphasizes machine learning for process modeling, single-atom catalysis , and decentralized ammonia production . Scientific contributions include 15+ peer-reviewed articles (2023–2025) in journals like Nature Chemical Engineering , ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , and Energy & Environmental Science . Key themes: Optimization of hybrid fossil/renewable carbon systems Environmental impacts of energy transitions Catalyst design for sustainable chemistry Life cycle assessment of emerging technologies Awarded UPC Top Doctoral Student Award and Top National Student Award , he combines process systems engineering with sustainability metrics to address global challenges in chemical and energy systems.

Michael Baldeaمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Process Systems Engineering
• Energy Systems
• Nonlinear Optimization
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Michael Baldea is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin . He holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Minnesota (2006), with prior degrees from 'Babeş-Bolyai' University in Romania (M.Sc. 2001, Diploma 2000). His research group develops theoretical and computational methods for Process and Energy Systems Engineering , focusing on integrated decision-making, performance optimization, and process intensification with industrial validation. Education: Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota (2006) M.Sc., Interface Process Engineering, 'Babeş-Bolyai' University (2001) Diploma, Chemical Engineering, 'Babeş-Bolyai' University (2000) Research Thrusts: Integrated decision-making in chemical/energy supply chains Process performance monitoring and optimization Process integration and intensification Key applications include grid-responsive chemical plants, intensified distillation/column designs, and renewable energy integration for building systems. Scientific Awards: Frank A. Liddell, Jr. Fellowship NSF CAREER Award (2015-2020) Moncrief Grand Challenges Faculty Award (2014) AIChE Outstanding Young Researcher Award (2017) Implementation : His group has translated research into commercial tools through partnerships with industrial test beds and is working to integrate methods into commercial simulators. They explore predictive approaches for building energy management and strategic capital investment analysis in next-generation energy systems.

Hugo de Lasaمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Catalysis
• Photocatalysis
• Chemical Reactor Engineering
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Hugo de Lasa is a Full Professor at the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario. He holds a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering (1968) from Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina, and a Doctoral degree (1971) from Université de Nancy, France. Research Focus: Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Chemical Reactor Engineering, Fluidization, Biomass Gasification Awards: Research Excellence Prize (1998), Fellow of the Chemical Institute of Canada (2000), Medal of Research and Development (2000), Doctor Honoris Causa (2004, 2018) His work spans chemical reactor design , photocatalytic hydrogen production , and fluidized bed technologies . Recent publications highlight machine learning applications in chemical equilibrium modeling and CO2 capture using microalgae. He founded the Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) and Recat Technologies Inc. , a university spin-off commercializing reactor innovations. Awards include the Vanguard Award (2019) and Commemorative Issue in Catalysts Journal (2020). His research has generated 389 peer-reviewed publications , 14 patents , and over 10,000 citations .

John M. Woodleyمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Biocatalysis
• Bioprocess Engineering
• Enzyme Technology
• +۶ مورد دیگر

John M. Woodley is a distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), where he leads research at the PROSYS - Process and Systems Engineering Centre and contributes to the DTU Microbes Initiative. With over 30 years of experience, he has established himself as a leading expert in biocatalysis and bioprocess engineering, with research spanning both theoretical and experimental work across multiple scales. His primary research interests focus on the interface of bioprocess engineering, process chemistry, and reaction engineering. Dr. Woodley's work encompasses multi-step biocatalysis (including systems biocatalysis and flow chemistry), downstream processing from biocatalytic reactors and fermentations (including ISPR), modeling tools for bioprocess assessment (thermodynamics, kinetics, process simulation, economic evaluation), and bio-oxidations (including oxygen supply methods). His enzymatic investigations particularly target alcohol oxidases, carbohydrate oxidases, cytochrome P450s, Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases, and transaminases. His research portfolio demonstrates consistent innovation in sustainable chemical production, with particular emphasis on enzymatic synthesis of pharmaceuticals and chemicals from renewable resources. Analysis of his recent publications reveals a strong focus on overcoming industrial implementation challenges, particularly regarding enzyme stability in various reactor environments, optimization of multi-enzyme systems, and scale-up methodologies for biocatalytic processes. Dr. Woodley actively supervises multiple PhD students and leads several significant research projects, including 'P450-based biocatalytic processes for the pharmaceutical industry' (2025-2028), 'Integrated model for up- and downstream bioprocess intensification' (2024-2027), and 'ENFACE: A tool for prediction of enzyme stability at gas-liquid interfaces' (2024-2027). His work has resulted in an impressive publication record of 781 research outputs across various formats, including journal articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings. His research group operates within the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at DTU, utilizing advanced facilities for biocatalysis research, including specialized reactor systems for studying gas-liquid interfaces, computational modeling resources, and laboratories for enzyme characterization and bioprocess development. Through his leadership in the PROSYS center, he contributes to DTU's strategic focus on sustainable process technologies and systems engineering.

Omar Matarمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Interfacial Fluid Mechanics
• Multiphase Flows
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Professor Omar Matar is a Professor of Fluid Mechanics and RAEng/PETRONAS Research Chair in Multiphase Fluid Dynamics at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London. He leads the Matar Fluids Group, focusing on interfacial fluid mechanics, multiphase flows, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and applications in energy, manufacturing, and nanotechnology. His roles include Head of Department of Chemical Engineering, Director of the PETRONAS Centre for Engineering of Multiphase Systems (PETCEMS), and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Engineering Mathematics. Education: PhD in Chemical Engineering, Princeton University (1993) MEng Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London (1989) Research Interests: Interfacial fluid mechanics, multiphase flows, CFD, and machine learning 2D materials exfoliation and scale-up, immersive technologies (AR/VR) Applications in energy systems, nanotechnology, and personalized education Awards: Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (2020) Recipient of the Imperial College President’s Medal (2020) EPSRC Programme Grant Principal Investigator (MEMPHIS, PREMIERE) Grants & Projects: MEMPHIS: £5M EPSRC-funded Programme Grant (2012–2017) PREMIERE: EPSRC Programme Grant (2019–present) PETCEMS: PETRONAS-funded Centre for Multiphase Systems Engineering Labs & Collaborations: Leads the Matar Fluids Group, collaborating with institutions like UCL, University of Edinburgh, and industry partners such as BP and First Light Fusion. Active in developing high-performance CFD codes (e.g., BLUE) and machine learning-driven models for multiphase systems.

Ulf Hanefeldمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Biocatalysis
• Enzyme Engineering
• Green Chemistry
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Ulf Hanefeld is a Full Professor and Section Leader in the Department of Biotechnology at the Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) , where he leads the Biocatalysis research section. His work integrates chemistry and biology to develop sustainable synthetic methodologies using enzymes. PhD from Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen (1993) Postdoctoral experience at Imperial College London, University of Cambridge, and TU Delft Recipient of a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) fellowship His research interests center on biocatalysis , particularly enzymes that enable difficult chemical transformations such as C–C bond formation , enantioselective hydration , and ozonolysis . He focuses on enzyme discovery, engineering, immobilization, and application in flow chemistry to achieve sustainable and efficient synthesis. His work spans from fundamental enzyme mechanism studies to industrial applications in green chemistry . The publication trends reveal a consistent focus on enzyme immobilization , flow reactor systems , and chemo-enzymatic cascades . His recent work emphasizes the use of hydroxynitrile lyases , aldolases , and methyltransferases for the synthesis of chiral intermediates under environmentally benign conditions. The integration of biocatalysis with continuous manufacturing highlights a strong commitment to industrial applicability and process sustainability. Scientific contributions and recognition : Active contributor to high-impact journals in chemistry and biotechnology Coordinated research in the CassaFLOW project (international academic-industrial collaboration) Author of influential reviews, e.g., in Chemical Society Reviews (2022) Teaching and supervision : He teaches Catalysis (Bachelor) and Advanced Biocatalysis (Master), and supervises numerous Master’s theses (MEP) and Bachelor’s projects (BEP) . Students in his group are actively involved in research and often become co-authors on scientific papers. Projects center on green chemistry, enzyme engineering, and spectroscopic analysis of biochemical systems. Laboratory and research environment : The Ulf Hanefeld Group operates within the Biocatalysis section, a multidisciplinary environment fostering collaboration on enzyme discovery, immobilization, and cascade reactions. The group emphasizes practical innovation, with strong links to industry and international research networks.

• Energy Systems Optimization
• Conceptual Process Design
• Life Cycle Assessment
• +۸ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. André Bardow is a Full Professor in Energy and Process Systems Engineering at ETH Zurich , leading research at the intersection of thermodynamics, machine learning, and sustainable energy systems. Previously, he held professorships at RWTH Aachen University (2010-2020) and TU Delft (2007-2010). He also served as part-time director at Forschungszentrum Jülich (2017-2022) and visiting professor at UC Santa Barbara (2015/16). His work focuses on energy systems optimization , computer-aided molecular design , and CO2 capture & utilization . PhD from RWTH Aachen University Current ETH Zurich affiliation Former roles at RWTH Aachen, TU Delft, Jülich Research Center His research integrates machine learning with thermodynamic modeling to optimize processes like crystallization and electrochemical cooling . Recent publications demonstrate advancements in solvent design, CO2 transport LCA, and ORC working fluid optimization. He chairs the VDI Technical Committee for Thermodynamics (2016-2024) and has received multiple awards including the Covestro Science Award and Arnold-Eucken-Award . Current projects address carbon circular economies , electrified chemical production , and AI-driven process optimization . His lab at ETH Zurich develops cutting-edge technologies like ML-CAMPD frameworks for sustainable separation processes and photoacid-based CO2 capture systems. Funding from the H2020 Systemic Expansion of Circular Ecosystems (grant 101036854) supports these initiatives. 2024 Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher 2022 Inaugural Lecture: "To sustainability and beyond: A computer-animated story on energy & chemicals" Recipient of multiple teaching and research excellence awards

Philipp Heretschمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Natural Product Synthesis
• Organic Chemistry
• Terpene Synthesis
• +۸ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Philipp Heretsch is a Professor and Executive Director at the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz University Hannover. He leads the Natural Product Synthesis research group and holds key roles in academic governance, including Deputy Coordinator for Exchange Programmes and representation on various examination and curriculum boards. Research Interests: His research focuses on the synthesis of complex natural products, particularly terpenes and alkaloids, using biosynthesis-inspired strategies. He develops novel carbon–carbon bond manipulation techniques and rearrangement cascades. A significant emphasis is placed on the biological activity of synthesized compounds. He also pioneers the development of continuous flow reactor systems for the selective transformation of sensitive and short-lived chemical species. Publication Trends: His recent publications (2020–2025) demonstrate a strong focus on biogenesis-inspired total synthesis of highly complex natural products (e.g., canataxpropellane, swinhoeisterol), the application of radical-polar crossover and rearrangement strategies, and the innovative use of flow chemistry for scalable and efficient synthesis of both natural products and functional molecules like odorants and ferrocenyl compounds. Scientific Awards: ADUC Prize of the GDCh (2018) DECHEMA Young Scientist Prize for Natural Product Research (2020) ORCHEM Prize for Young Scientists of the Liebig Association for Organic Chemistry of the GDCh Advising and Grants: While specific students are not listed, he leads an active research group. His work is supported by significant external funding, including an ERC Consolidator Grant for the project "RadCrossSyn" and support from the DFG Heisenberg Program, which facilitated his move to Leibniz University Hannover in 2021. Labs and Teams: He heads the Natural Product Synthesis research group at the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover. His research group, often referred to as the "Heretsch group," is dedicated to developing novel synthetic methodologies and applying them to the synthesis of biologically relevant natural products.

Yali Tangمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Fluid Dynamics
• Multiphase Flow
• Physicochemical Conversions
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Yali Tang is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), specializing in fluid dynamics and transport phenomena within multiphase flows and physicochemical conversions . Her work targets Iron Power technology , green steel production , and alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen generation, combining advanced computational models with experimental validation . Education: Master's in Chemical Engineering from Sichuan University (2011) PhD in Mechanical Engineering at TU/e (2015) with Prof. Hans Kuipers Research Interests: She focuses on interphase interactions , interfacial transport mechanisms , and high-resolution simulations (down to 40 nm mesh) to predict bubble coalescence and film dynamics. Her studies on hydrogen bubble growth , dendritic iron formation , and gas distribution in electrolyzers aim to refine reactor design and industrial processes. Collaborations with industrial partners ensure practical applicability of her computational models. Recent Publications: Her 2025 work includes dimensional analysis of liquid film formation, solutal Marangoni effects in electrolysis, and X-ray validation of gas distribution models. Earlier studies (2020–2023) cover defluidization behavior of iron fines, CFD-DEM modeling of raceways, and acoustic field applications in particle dynamics. Labs & Collaborations: She leads computational efforts within the Power & Flow group under Prof. Niels Deen, contributing to the EIRES Research cluster. Her work bridges academic research with industrial innovation in fluid dynamics and energy transition technologies.

Klavs F. Jensenمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Machine Learning
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Professor Klavs F. Jensen is the Warren K. Lewis Professor of Chemical Engineering and Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT. His research focuses on integrating automation, machine learning, and robotics to accelerate materials discovery and pharmaceutical synthesis. He leads the Jensen Research Group, pioneering automated reaction systems with online analytics and optimization algorithms. Education: MS in Chemical Engineering (Technical University of Denmark, 1976); PhD in Chemical Engineering (University of Wisconsin, 1980). Research Interests: Thermochemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry, Bayesian optimization, high-throughput experimentation, and AI-driven synthesis planning. He collaborates with MIT’s Machine Learning for Pharmaceutical Discovery Consortium to develop algorithms for drug development and process chemistry. Awards: Member of National Academy of Sciences (2017), Member of National Academy of Engineering (2002), Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2007), and Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors (2022). Grants & Labs: Editor-in-Chief of Reaction Chemistry and Engineering ; holds 63 US patents and over 490 journal articles. His lab’s innovations include ASKCOS (open-source synthesis planning software) and automated platforms for closed-loop molecular discovery.

Xiaolei Fanمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Nonthermal Plasma Catalysis
• Catalytic CO2 Conversion
• Zeolite-Based Catalysis
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Xiaolei Fan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at The University of Manchester. He holds a BEng in Environmental Engineering from Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology (2003), an MRes in Chemical Engineering from East China University of Science and Technology (2006), and a PhD in Continuous Flow Heterogeneous Catalysis from the University of Bath (2010). His research focuses on nonthermal plasma catalysis, CO2 conversion, catalytic biorefinery, and zeolite-based catalysts. He has contributed to over 180 publications, supervised 20+ students, and led projects like the EU-funded SPACING initiative for biofuel production. Research interests include porous materials, reaction engineering, and process intensification through structured reactors/catalysts. He chairs the RSC Heterogeneous Catalysis committee and has organized conferences like the International Conference on Environmental Catalysis. His work aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in clean energy and sustainable chemistry. Education: BEng (Environmental Engineering), Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, 2003 MRes (Chemical Engineering), East China University of Science and Technology, 2006 PhD (Chemical Engineering), University of Bath, 2010 Awards: Lee Hsun Lecture Award (2018) Zhenxing Scholar Professor Award (2018) Outstanding Achievement Recognition (2018) Grants/Projects: SPACING: Sustainable Production of ACrylic Acid from Renewable Waste Glycerol (2021–2024) Labs/Teams: Catalysis and Porous Materials Group at The University of Manchester

• Energy systems optimization
• Conceptual process design
• Life cycle assessment
• +۷ مورد دیگر

André Bardow is a Full Professor at the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich. His research focuses on energy systems optimization, life cycle assessment, computer-aided molecular design, and CO2 capture/utilization. Professor (ETH Zürich, 2020–present) Head of Institute of Technical Thermodynamics (RWTH Aachen University, 2010–2020) Visiting Professor (University of California, Santa Barbara, 2015/16) Part-time Director (Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2017–2022) Associate Professor (TU Delft, 2007–2010) Research Interests: His work spans energy and process systems engineering, with emphasis on sustainable technologies. Key areas include: Computer-aided molecular and process design Machine learning for chemical engineering Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) Life cycle assessment (LCA) of industrial processes Thermo-economic modeling of energy systems Multiphase equilibrium analysis Publication Trends: Recent articles focus on integrating machine learning with process design, optimizing CO2 capture in steel production, and advancing electrochemical cooling technologies. Subfields include sustainable plastics, ORC working fluids, and solvent mixture design. Scientific Awards: Fellow of the Royal Chemical Society Recent Innovative Contribution Award (EFCE, 2019) PSE Model-Based Innovation Prize (2018) Covestro Science Award (first recipient) Arnold-Eucken-Award (VDI-GVC) Highly Cited Researcher (Clarivate, 2024) Advising and Grants: Professor Bardow mentors students in process optimization and leads projects like Systemic expansion of territorial CIRCULAR Ecosystems for end-of-life FOAM (Grant 101036854, EC).

• Clean Coal Technologies
• Renewable Energy Systems
• Energy Efficiency
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Laureate Professor Behdad Moghtaderi is a globally recognized chemical engineer at The University of Newcastle's School of Engineering. He leads research in clean energy technologies, including the GRANEX heat engine, greenhouse gas abatement, and chemical looping processes. His work addresses critical challenges in energy efficiency, renewable energy systems, and reducing fugitive methane emissions from coal mines. With over $48M in research funding and 220+ publications, he directs the Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources (NIER) and holds leadership roles in national and international energy initiatives. Education: PhD (University of Sydney), MEng (University of Sydney), BSc (Shiraz University) Administrative Roles: Director of NIER, former Head of School of Engineering, and member of global energy advisory bodies Research interests span energy systems, combustion science, and sustainable technologies. Notable innovations include the VAMCO system for methane abatement and solar thermal GRANEX installations. Awards include the Carrick Teaching Citation and multiple engineering excellence recognitions. Scientific contributions include 14 PhD completions and over 20 funded projects. Current focus areas include hydrogen safety, carbon capture, and thermochemical energy storage. His labs (NIER) collaborate with industry partners like Siemens Energy and the Australian Hydrogen Council.

• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
• Materials Science for Gas Separation
• CO2 Capture Technologies
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr. Claudia Fernandez Martin is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Chemical Engineering at the University of Aberdeen, School of Engineering. She is actively involved in research and teaching, with a focus on carbon capture technologies and sustainable materials. She serves as Coordinator of Level 5 and Coordinator of the Environmental & Biodiversity Theme in the School of Engineering, and as Champion of the Circular Economy Theme at the Centre for Energy Transition. Dr. Fernandez Martin's educational background includes: PhD in "Microporous adsorbents from organic polymers. Application in precombustion CO 2 capture processes" (2011) from the University of Oviedo, Spain (Summa Cum Laude) MSc in Research in Technology, Diversification, Quality and Energy Saving (2009) from the University of Oviedo, Spain MEng in Environmental Sciences, 1st Class (2000-2005) from the University of Granada, Spain Her research interests focus on materials and gas separation processes for carbon capture, including the synthesis of advanced materials for CO 2 capture, characterization of adsorbents, enhancement of CO 2 recovery through novel regeneration technologies, and recycling of polymeric waste. She has developed expertise in microwave-assisted technologies for carbon capture intensification and plastic waste conversion into valuable materials. Dr. Fernandez Martin's recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on sustainable solutions for carbon capture and waste valorization. Her work spans from developing novel adsorbents from waste materials to exploring microwave-assisted processes for more energy-efficient carbon capture. She has made significant contributions to understanding transfer hydrogenation of CO 2 and the conversion of plastic waste into functional materials for environmental applications. Her scientific achievements have been recognized through several awards: Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (Advance HE) - 2020 Santander Mobility Award - 2017 ETP-PECRE Award - 2017 Santander Mobility Award - 2016 PhD Scholarship 'JAE-PreDoc' funded by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) - 2007-2011 As an educator, Dr. Fernandez Martin teaches courses including Environmental Engineering (EA4027), Air & Water Pollution Control (EX501U), and supervises individual and group design projects at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. She is also the General Secretary of AMPERE (Association for Microwave Power in Europe for Research and Education), highlighting her leadership in microwave research applications. She actively supervises PhD students and welcomes new PhD candidates interested in her research areas, particularly in engineering with a focus on carbon capture, sustainable materials, and waste valorization technologies.

• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Energy Storage
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Mo Jiang is a Researcher in the Department of Chemical & Life Science Engineering at Virginia Commonwealth University's College of Engineering. His research focuses on advanced crystallization processes for energy storage materials and pharmaceutical manufacturing. He specializes in continuous manufacturing techniques such as slug-flow reactors, aiming to improve material uniformity, scalability, and process efficiency. His work bridges chemical engineering principles with practical applications in battery technology and drug substance development. Research Interests: Continuous crystallization and manufacturing systems Slug-flow synthesis of battery cathode materials Process optimization for pharmaceuticals and energy storage Scalable synthesis of uniform microcrystals His recent articles highlight advancements in low-cobalt/cobalt-free lithium-ion battery cathodes, pharmaceutical crystallization methods, and the application of computational fluid dynamics to enhance manufacturing processes. These studies emphasize improving material performance, reducing costs, and achieving sustainable production methods. While no formal academic awards are listed, his prolific publication record demonstrates expertise in interdisciplinary engineering solutions. He collaborates on projects involving process design, real-time monitoring, and the integration of advanced manufacturing technologies.