جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

• Infectious Disease Modeling
• Mathematical Epidemiology
• Rotavirus
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Virginia Pitzer is a Professor of Epidemiology (Microbial Diseases) at Yale School of Public Health, where she joined as an assistant professor in 2012. She serves as Co-Director of the Public Health Modeling concentration and is an Affiliated Faculty member at the Yale Institute for Global Health. Dr. Pitzer is also a member of the Graduate Studies Executive Committee overseeing the PhD program and currently serves as Co-Editor-in-Chief for PLOS Computational Biology. She has contributed to World Health Organization advisory groups, including the Immunization and Vaccine-related Implementation Research Advisory Committee (WHO IVIR-AC). Dr. Pitzer's research focuses on mathematical and statistical modeling of infectious disease transmission dynamics, with special emphasis on rotavirus, typhoid fever, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Her work examines how interventions such as vaccination, improved treatment of cases, and improvements in sanitation affect disease transmission at the population level. She has published extensively on vaccine effectiveness, transmission patterns across age groups, and the impact of vaccination programs in both high and low-income countries. Her research has significant implications for public health policy and vaccine implementation strategies globally. Dr. Pitzer has received recognition for her scholarly contributions through her editorial role at PLOS Computational Biology and her participation in WHO advisory committees. Her work bridges mathematical modeling with practical public health applications, particularly in global contexts where infectious diseases pose significant challenges. As Co-Director of the Public Health Modeling concentration, Dr. Pitzer plays a key role in training the next generation of researchers in mathematical epidemiology. Her collaborative approach is evident through her numerous co-authored publications with researchers across Yale and international institutions. The Pitzer Lab continues to advance methodologies for modeling infectious disease transmission and evaluating public health interventions.

Pamela Ronaldمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Plant Genetics
• Crop Improvement
• Plant-Microbe Interactions
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Pamela Ronald is a Distinguished Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of California, Davis, affiliated with the Department of Plant Pathology within the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Her research focuses on understanding and enhancing crop resilience, particularly in rice, through genetic and molecular mechanisms. Key areas include plant immunity against pathogens, climate adaptation, and sustainable agricultural practices. Education and Background: Details on her academic qualifications are not explicitly mentioned in the provided text, but her career trajectory suggests advanced training in plant genetics and pathology. Research Interests: Ronald’s work centers on engineering disease-resistant crops, studying plant-microbe interactions, and developing climate-resilient varieties. Notably, she has contributed to identifying genes like XA21 that confer resistance to bacterial infections and pioneered methods to reduce methane emissions in rice. Her studies also explore the role of sulfated peptides in pathogen virulence and host defense mechanisms. Publications Trends: Her recent articles emphasize molecular mechanisms of plant immunity, genetic engineering applications, and sustainability challenges. Themes include directed evolution of immune receptors, machine learning in genotype-phenotype prediction, and mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gases. Awards and Recognition: While specific awards are not listed here, her leadership in plant genetics and advocacy for evidence-based biotechnology policies reflect significant recognition in her field. Grants and Advising: Ronald has led projects funded by agencies like the U.S. Department of Energy, focusing on bioenergy crops like switchgrass. She collaborates globally on initiatives such as the Rice Protein Tagging Project and the AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems. Labs and Teams: She directs the Crop Genetics Innovation Lab at UC Davis, fostering interdisciplinary research in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.

Gabriela Minigoمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Immunology
• Microbiology
• Malaria Research
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Gabriela Minigo serves as an Honorary Fellow in Global and Tropical Health and Associate Dean - Learning and Teaching within the Faculty of Health. Her academic profile demonstrates active engagement in malaria immunology research with a recent expansion into circadian rhythm and metabolic health investigations. Dr. Minigo completed her PhD at the University of Melbourne (awarded March 31, 2007) and earned a Master of Clinical Epidemiology from the University of Newcastle (awarded December 8, 2017). Her educational background provides a strong foundation in both basic science and clinical epidemiology. Her primary research focuses on immunological responses to malaria, with particular expertise in T follicular helper cells, dendritic cell function, and regulatory T cells in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections. Analysis of her research fingerprint reveals significant contributions to Plasmodium falciparum Immunology and Microbiology (100%), Dendritic Cell Immunology and Microbiology (45%), Regulatory T Cell Immunology and Microbiology (38%), and other related fields. In recent years, she has expanded her research to investigate the relationship between photoperiod, circadian rhythm, and metabolic health, as evidenced by her 2024 publications on these topics. Dr. Minigo's scholarly output shows an evolving research trajectory from fundamental malaria immunology toward interdisciplinary investigations connecting circadian biology with metabolic health. Her recent publications (2022-2024) demonstrate continued strong contributions to malaria immunology while incorporating new dimensions related to light exposure, sleep patterns, and glucose control. She has secured research funding for multiple projects including 'Rainmaker start up- Does exposure to artificial light alter circadian rhythm and glucose control in Australian adults? A pilot study' (2023-2026) where she serves as Co-Investigator, and 'Effect of Extended Photoperiod Exposure on Circadian Rhythm and Glucose Control' (2024-present) where she is Principal Investigator. Previously, she contributed as Chief Investigator C to 'Manipulating T follicular helper cells to improve human malaria vaccines' (2020-2023). As Associate Dean for Learning and Teaching, Dr. Minigo holds significant educational leadership responsibilities within the Faculty of Health. She is registered to supervise postgraduate research, indicating her active role in mentoring graduate students in immunology and tropical medicine research.

John F. Brooks IIمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Circadian Biology
• Immunology
• Microbiome
• +۷ مورد دیگر

John F. Brooks II is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, where he leads the Brooks Lab. His research focuses on the circadian regulation of host-microbe dynamics, particularly how the circadian clock interfaces with the immune system to maintain gut microbiome harmony. Education: Ph.D., Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Walter S. and Lucienne Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences B.S., University of Michigan, Microbiology Research Interests: Dr. Brooks investigates how the circadian clock controls the rhythmic secretion of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) in the small intestine and how persistent infections override these rhythms to sustain AMP production. His work integrates cell and molecular immunology, mouse genetics, and genomics to uncover mechanisms of circadian-immune crosstalk. This research has broad implications for disorders linked to circadian disruption, including obesity, diabetes, and chronic gut inflammation. Recent Publication Trends: His recent publications emphasize the coordination between microbial signals and host circadian rhythms in regulating innate immunity. Key themes include diurnal patterns in immune function, microbiota-driven immune modulation, and the physiological consequences of circadian misalignment in infection and disease. Scientific Awards: Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences (2024) Advising and Grants: Dr. Brooks mentors graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, including Talia Akoh-Arrey and Urbashi Basu. His lab has received significant funding, notably the Pew Biomedical Scholars Award, supporting innovative research at the intersection of immunology, microbiology, and chronobiology. Labs and Teams: The Brooks Lab at Princeton employs interdisciplinary approaches to study host-microbe interactions. The team collaborates with experts in immunology and circadian biology, including Lora Hooper and Joseph Takahashi, to advance understanding of temporal regulation in immunity.

Vernita Gordonمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Biophysics
• Microbiology
• Biofilm Mechanics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Vernita Gordon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Texas at Austin (since 2018), previously serving as an Assistant Professor there from 2010 to 2018. She holds a Ph.D. in Physics from Harvard University (2003) and a B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics from Vanderbilt University (1997). Her research focuses on understanding how physical characteristics like mechanics and spatial structure influence bacterial biofilms, particularly their interactions with the immune system and resistance to antibiotics. She has pioneered techniques such as laser trapping to manipulate biofilm structures and studies radiation effects on bacteria like Deinococcus radiodurans . Education: Ph.D. in Physics, Harvard University (2003) B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics, Vanderbilt University (1997) Research Interests: Dr. Gordon’s work integrates biophysics, microbiology, and materials science to explore biofilm mechanics, bacterial mechanosensing, and radiation biology. Key areas include: How biofilm mechanics resist immune clearance and antibiotic treatment Role of surface stiffness and shear stress in biofilm initiation Radiation resistance mechanisms in Deinococcus radiodurans Development of tools like laser trapping to study biofilm structure Key Achievements: Recipient of the Elizabeth B. Gleeson Professorship (2023) and Texas Mindset Initiative Fellowship (2023) Provost’s Teaching Fellow (2020–2024) and multiple teaching awards Funded by NSF, NIH, and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Published over 60 peer-reviewed articles, including in Nature , PNAS , and Biophysical Journal Advising & Outreach: She mentors graduate students in Physics, Microbiology, and Biomedical Engineering, emphasizing interdisciplinary training. Her group actively recruits undergraduates and collaborates with industry partners like Solvay and the College of Pharmacy. Outreach includes lesson plans for high school STEM education and community science initiatives. Labs & Collaborations: Her lab uses advanced microscopy, microrheology, and computational modeling. Key collaborations include work with the Contreras Lab (UT Austin Chemical Engineering) on radiation-resistant bacteria and the Raizen Lab (UT Austin Physics) on self-sterilizing surfaces.

Harikesh S. Wongمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Immunology
• Cell Biology
• Autoimmunity
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Harikesh S. Wong is an Assistant Professor of Biology and Core Member at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. His research focuses on understanding how immune responses are controlled in tissues to balance host protection against threats like pathogens and tumors while avoiding excessive damage. He combines immunology, microscopy, computational methods, and gene manipulation to study immune response regulation in intact tissues. Education: PhD in 2016 from University of Toronto; BSc in Biochemistry from McMaster University (2010) His lab investigates mechanisms of immune homeostasis, including regulatory T cell feedback circuits and mesoscale T cell antigen discrimination. Recent work explores autoimmune disease susceptibility linked to IL-2 feedback circuit fragility and the role of commensal bacteria in liver immune zonation. Key findings include demonstrating how local regulatory T cells prune self-activated T cells and how interleukin 2 circuitry variations influence autoimmune risk. Articles highlight interdisciplinary approaches to dissect immune system control mechanisms. No scientific awards explicitly mentioned. Grants and advising details are not provided in the text. Labs/Teams: Wong Lab at the Ragon Institute focuses on immune system design principles and disease-related breakdowns in control mechanisms.

Sebastian Hillerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Structural Biology
• NMR Spectroscopy
• Protein Folding
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Professor Sebastian Hiller is a Full Professor at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Switzerland, where he leads a research group focused on structural biology and biophysics. His laboratory specializes in using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to elucidate the structures and functions of proteins and their interactions at the atomic level. His research spans several key areas including molecular chaperones and protein folding mechanisms, outer membrane protein biogenesis in bacteria, and kinase signaling pathways. Notably, his group has made significant contributions to understanding how chaperones like trigger factor function, the mechanisms of outer membrane protein assembly through the Bam complex, and dynamic kinase interactions. Their work has direct implications for neurodegenerative diseases and antibiotic development. The Hiller lab's recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on NMR methodology development, protein folding dynamics, and structural mechanisms of antibiotic action. Their research on darobactin's mechanism of action against Gram-negative bacteria represents a significant advance in antibiotic discovery. The group frequently publishes in high-impact journals including Nature, Science, and Nature Communications. ICMRBS Founder's Medal (2018) EMBO Young Investigator (2014) ERC starting grant (2011) SNSF professorship (2010) SNSF scholarship for young researchers (2008) Professor Hiller supervises numerous PhD students and postdoctoral researchers, with many alumni having secured prestigious positions in academia and industry. His laboratory maintains strong collaborations across multiple institutions and has received significant funding through ERC grants and other competitive mechanisms. The Hiller group also operates advanced NMR facilities that serve the broader research community at the University of Basel.

• Plant Pathology
• Fungal Diseases
• Disease Epidemiology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Michael W. Shaw is a distinguished academic at the University of Reading's School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Plant Sciences, with a research career spanning over two decades. His expertise lies at the intersection of plant pathology, disease epidemiology, and sustainable disease management strategies. Shaw's research interests encompass plant-pathogen interactions , particularly focusing on fungal diseases affecting major crops. His work investigates the epidemiology of plant diseases , fungicide resistance mechanisms , biological control strategies , and asymptomatic pathogen infections . He has made significant contributions to understanding pathogen evolution, host specificity, and the environmental factors influencing disease development. His recent publications demonstrate a consistent research trajectory examining the molecular, ecological, and epidemiological aspects of plant diseases. Shaw's work spans multiple pathosystems including Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Venturia inaequalis (apple scab), begomoviruses affecting okra, and banana Xanthomonas wilt. His research integrates molecular techniques, field studies, and mathematical modeling to address complex plant health challenges. Professor Shaw has contributed significantly to the understanding of fungicide resistance development, particularly in cereal pathogens, and has explored innovative approaches to disease management through biological control agents and integrated strategies. His work on asymptomatic infections has revealed novel insights into host-pathogen relationships that extend beyond traditional disease paradigms. His collaborative research network spans internationally, with co-authors from multiple countries, reflecting the global relevance of his work in plant health and food security. Shaw's research has practical applications for sustainable agriculture and crop protection strategies worldwide.

Andreas Faustمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• organic chemistry
• medicinal chemistry
• radiopharmaceutical chemistry
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Privatdozent Dr. Andreas Faust is a leading researcher at the European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI) at the University of Münster, where he heads the Chemical Targeting Lab. His work focuses on developing innovative imaging agents for medical diagnostics, particularly in radiopharmaceutical chemistry and molecular imaging. He maintains strong affiliations with the Department of Nuclear Medicine at the University Hospital Münster and participates in the "Cells in Motion" excellence cluster, contributing to cutting-edge research at the intersection of chemistry, medicine, and imaging technology. Dr. Faust completed his chemistry studies at the University of Münster, earning his Diploma in 1999, followed by his doctoral degree (Dr. rer. nat.) in 2003 with research on artificial caffeine receptors. His academic journey continued with positions at the Department of Organic Chemistry and the Department of Nuclear Medicine before becoming head of the chemistry group at EIMI in 2011. Dr. Faust's research centers on organic and medicinal chemistry with specialization in radiopharmaceutical chemistry . His team develops novel tracers for diagnostic molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), optical imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. A significant portion of his work focuses on creating specific ligands for the alarmins S100A8/S100A9 and bacteria-specific tracers based on complex carbohydrates or siderophores. His research has important applications in inflammation imaging, infection diagnostics, and cancer theranostics, with emphasis on improving metabolic stability and target specificity of imaging agents. His publication record demonstrates consistent contributions to molecular imaging, with recent work emphasizing bacteria-specific PET tracers, inflammation imaging targeting S100 proteins, and novel optical imaging probes. The research shows a clear trajectory toward developing clinically applicable imaging agents with improved specificity and metabolic stability, particularly in the areas of infection diagnostics and inflammation monitoring. 2017: Best Poster Award at Symposium "Molecular Imaging Agents in Medicine," Groningen 2009: Young Investigator Award at Deutscher Röntgenkongress, Berlin 2005: Best Scientific Poster Award at 4th Annual Meeting of the Society of Molecular Imaging, Köln Dr. Faust leads multiple significant research projects, including as Coordinator of a project on immune cell distribution imaging (2019-2024) and as Principal Investigator for CRC-project A03 "Targeting of S100A8/A9 for imaging of inflammatory disorders" and research on vascular graft infections (both 2021-2024). His Chemical Targeting Lab comprises a multidisciplinary team working at the intersection of chemistry, microbiology, and medical imaging, securing substantial funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative and DFG Collaborative Research Centre. The Chemical Targeting Lab maintains state-of-the-art facilities for chemical synthesis, radiochemistry, and biological testing. The lab collaborates extensively with microbiologists, clinicians, and imaging specialists to translate basic research into clinical applications. Current research directions include optimizing bacterial imaging probes for clinical diagnostics and developing new inflammation-specific tracers for early disease detection, with particular focus on S100A9-targeted imaging and siderophore-based bacterial detection systems.

• Virology
• Immunology
• HIV Research
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Francesca Chiodi is a Senior Professor in the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Her research focuses on HIV pathogenesis, host-microbe interactions, and immune responses in infectious diseases. She holds a Docent title from Karolinska Institutet (1991) and has been continuously employed there since 2004. Her work spans virology, immunology, and clinical trials, with emphasis on HIV prevention strategies, mucosal immunity, and translational research. Research highlights include studies on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), host gene expression in foreskin tissue, and viral surface protein epitope profiling. She has led projects evaluating SARS-CoV-2 responses in mucosal tissues and contributed to global initiatives like the CHAPS study in sub-Saharan Africa. Her division, the Division of Host-Microbe , investigates microbial pathogenesis and immune mechanisms in chronic infections. Key collaborations include studies on B-cell dysfunction in HIV and TB co-infections, as well as vaccine design for immunocompromised populations. Publications (2020–2024) reflect her focus on clinical trials, transcriptomic analyses, and translational models. She has advised numerous collaborative studies but no formal student advisees are listed. Research funding includes grants for mucosal HIV prevention and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis studies. Ongoing work explores immune reconstitution in early antiretroviral therapy and correlates of protective immunity in mucosal tissues.

• Immunology
• Lipid Metabolism
• Infectious Diseases
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dijin Xu is an Associate Research Scientist in the Department of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine, Yale University. His research focuses on lipid metabolism, immunology, and molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders and host-pathogen interactions. He holds a PhD from Tsinghua University (2016). Education: PhD in Microbiology, Tsinghua University, 2016 Research Interests: Dr. Xu’s work spans immunology (e.g., B cell biology and somatic hypermutation), lipid metabolism (lipid droplet dynamics and adipose tissue homeostasis), and virology (antiviral defense mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2). His studies integrate cellular biology, molecular genetics, and biochemical approaches to understand disease processes. Publications Overview: His recent work explores mechanisms of lipid droplet regulation, metabolic disorder prevention, and immune system function. Notable contributions include studies on Rab GTPases in lipid storage and ELOF1’s role in antibody diversification. Labs & Affiliations: He is affiliated with the West Campus Integrative Science & Technology Center at Yale University, focusing on interdisciplinary research in cellular and molecular biology.

Elemir Simkoمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Honey bee health
• Agricultural sustainability
• Comparative pathology
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dr. Elemir Simko is a Professor in the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the University of Saskatchewan, affiliated with Prairie Diagnostic Services. He holds a DVM from the University of Belgrade (Yugoslavia) and a DVSc from the University of Guelph, and is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists. Since 1998, he has coordinated core anatomic pathology courses at both undergraduate and graduate levels. His research focuses on honey bee health, agricultural sustainability, comparative pathology, and innate immunity. Recent work includes studies on honey bee pathogen dynamics, pesticide impacts, and equine septic arthritis diagnostics using biomarkers. He collaborates extensively with researchers on investigative pathology and contributes to diagnostic services. Education: DVM (University of Belgrade), DVSc (University of Guelph), ACVP Diplomate Key Research Themes: Honey bee health, infectious disease pathogenesis, antimicrobial resistance, and diagnostic pathology Collaborations: Prairie Diagnostic Services, multiple veterinary and agricultural researchers Dr. Simko’s publications span veterinary pathology, honey bee health, and equine medicine. His recent articles highlight advancements in diagnostic techniques for septic arthritis in horses and interventions to mitigate honey bee colony threats. He has no listed awards but maintains active roles in teaching and applied research.

Sharon Peacockمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Microbial Genomics
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Professor Sharon Peacock is a leading academic in medical microbiology and public health at the University of Cambridge. She holds the position of Executive Director & Chair of the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (COG-UK) since 2020. Previously, she served as Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and University College London (2015-2019), and at the University of Cambridge Department of Medicine (2009-2015). Her research focuses on bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic surveillance of infectious diseases. Education and professional roles include non-executive directorships at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Public Health England (seconded roles). She has been recognized with significant honors including Commander of the British Empire (CBE), MRC Millennium Medal, and Unilever Colworth Prize. Her work bridges laboratory research and public health policy, particularly in genomic epidemiology of pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 and MRSA. Key contributions include defining transmission patterns of nosocomial pathogens through genomic studies, developing strategies for antimicrobial resistance, and leading international responses to infectious disease outbreaks. Her research integrates clinical microbiology with advanced genomic technologies to inform global health strategies.

• Malaria Research
• Infectious Diseases
• Antibiotic Resistance
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Martina Wade is a Researcher in the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases at Yale School of Public Health. Her work focuses on infectious diseases, particularly malaria and antibiotic resistance, with a global health perspective emphasizing sub-Saharan Africa. She collaborates on projects in Cameroon, Uganda, and Burkina Faso, addressing drug resistance mechanisms, diagnostic innovations, and public health interventions. Her research spans clinical trials (e.g., ivermectin mass drug administration protocols), microbiota analysis in livestock and human populations, and environmental transmission dynamics of pathogens. She has published extensively on malaria treatment efficacy, microbiome disruptions from antibiotic use, and novel diagnostic technologies like photoacoustic detection. Her work bridges laboratory science with field epidemiology, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and public health strategies. Key collaborations include Sunil Parikh, Justin Goodwin, and Fangyong Li, focusing on antimalarial resistance tracking and pediatric infection dynamics. Her laboratory is located at 60 College Street, Ste Room 711, New Haven, CT. Contact: martina.wade@yale.edu.

• Medical Microbiology
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Biofilm Research
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Andrew Mcbain is a Professor of Microbiology at the University of Manchester, specializing in bacterial physiology, biofilm dynamics, and human microbiome research. He leads a research team supported by grants from research councils and industry, focusing on antimicrobial resistance, microbial community modeling, and host-microbe interactions. His work contributes to sustainable development goals related to health and environmental sustainability. Education: PhD in Medical Microbiology (University of Cambridge, 1997); BSc in Microbiology (University of Liverpool, 1993). Teaching: Courses include The Public (Year 2) , Medicines into Practice , and Drug Development Workshop . Research interests include in vitro modeling of microbial communities (e.g., biofilm reactors), probiotic applications, and clinical microbiota dynamics. He has supervised 39 PhD/MD students and collaborates with experts like Prof. Catherine O'Neill and Prof. Sheena Cruickshank. Key projects include Developing New Biocides (2019–2022) and Maternal Obesity and Extracellular Vesicles (2024–2027). His work has led to the creation of SkinBiotherapeutics PLC , advancing probiotic technologies for skin health. Grants: Includes funding from the Medical Research Council and industry partnerships. Lab Affiliations: Lydia Becker Institute and Christabel Pankhurst Institute at Manchester. Publications span over 213 articles, with recent focus on microbiome profiling, antimicrobial peptides, and light-based therapies. Awards include the W H Pierce Prize (2005) from the Society for Applied Microbiology.