جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

• Digital Journalism
• Fact-checking
• Media Platforms
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Oscar Westlund serves as Professor at the Department of Journalism and Media Studies within the Faculty of Social Sciences at Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), where he co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group. He maintains a secondary appointment at the University of Gothenburg and acts as Editor-in-Chief of Digital Journalism . His research spans digital journalism, fact-checking, platform dynamics, media management, news consumption, and mobile media. Westlund's scholarly focus centers on journalism safety in digital environments, sociotechnical dimensions of misinformation combat, and platform-induced challenges for news organizations. His work examines professional fragilities of journalists, epistemological foundations of data journalism, and legitimacy paradoxes in public service media-platform relationships. Current projects address disinformation countermeasures through the SCAM initiative (Source Criticism And Mediated Disinformation). Analysis of his 2022-2024 publications reveals dominant themes: journalism safety frameworks (33%), platform-journalism tensions (27%), and fact-checking as sociotechnical practice (23%). Key methodological approaches include cross-national comparative studies, epistemological analysis, and practice theory applied to digital news production. Westlund actively contributes to academic discourse through editorial leadership at Digital Journalism and special issue guest editing. His research group coordinates interdisciplinary collaboration on digital journalism studies, while the SCAM project develops practical methodologies for disinformation detection in democratic contexts. Recent work demonstrates increasing emphasis on mobile news ecosystems and journalist safety cultures. He co-leads the OsloMet Digital Journalism Research Group, which investigates platform impacts on news production, mobile journalism evolution, and epistemological shifts in data-driven reporting. The group maintains strong international partnerships, particularly with Swedish institutions through his University of Gothenburg affiliation.

Cecilie Schou Andreassenمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Behavioral Addictions
• Social Media Psychology
• Workaholism
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Cecilie Schou Andreassen is a Professor at the Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen . She specializes in behavioral addictions , including workaholism, social media addiction, and substance use interactions. Email: cecilie.andreassen@uib.no Visitor Address: Alrek Health Cluster, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen Research Focus: Andreassen's work examines the psychosocial antecedents of addictive behaviors, with emphasis on personality traits , workplace dynamics , and digital platform interactions . Her research spans cross-cultural validation studies and longitudinal health outcomes related to technology and substance misuse. Article Trends (2017-2022): Analyzing 15 recent publications reveals a consistent focus on addiction scale validation , social media epidemiology , and workaholism's health impacts . Key themes include measurement invariance , digital-chemical addiction comorbidity , and psychological withdrawal mechanisms . Scientific Contributions: Co-developer of Bergen Work Addiction Scale Creator of Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale Leadership in behavioral addiction epidemiology Recipient of Norwegian Research Council grants Advising & Collaborations: While no direct advisees are listed, Andreassen collaborates extensively with international researchers in work psychology , social media studies , and public health . Her work involves partnerships with Nottingham Trent University , Yale University , and National Competence Service for Sleep Disorders . Labs & Teams: Affiliated with the Department of Clinical Psychology and previously with the Department of Social Psychology at University of Bergen, she contributes to national health registry studies and cross-occupational research on addiction patterns.

Aleksander Madsenمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Social stratification
• Segregation
• Intergenerational mobility
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Aleksander Madsen is a Researcher at the University of Oslo (UiO), affiliated with the Department of Sociology and Human Geography under the Faculty of Social Sciences. His primary research interests include social stratification, immigrant assimilation in labor markets, welfare state policies, and statistical methods. He holds a PhD from Oslo Metropolitan University and an MA from UiO. Education: PhD in Sociology, Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo Metropolitan University (2014–2018) MA in Sociology, University of Oslo (2013) His research explores labor market integration of immigrants, gender disparities in male-dominated workplaces, and the impact of education-occupation mismatch on health outcomes. He has conducted longitudinal studies on long-term sickness absence and labor market trajectories using sequence analysis. Dr. Madsen has held postdoctoral and research positions at UiO and NIFU, and was a visiting scholar at Stanford University's SCANCOR (2024) funded by the Fulbright Foundation. His work spans interdisciplinary collaborations, including projects on workplace diversity, ethnic stratification, and policy evaluations. Awards: U.S. - Norway Fulbright Foundation Grant (2023–2024) His research group affiliations include the Social Inequalities and Population Dynamics team and the ORGMIGRANT project, investigating work organizations and immigrant assimilation. Recent publications address residential networks among immigrants, workplace ethnic diversity, and women’s attrition from male-dominated sectors.

• Railway Engineering
• Transportation Systems
• Structural Engineering
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Albert Lau is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), located in Trondheim, Norway. He specializes in railway engineering, structural dynamics, and transportation systems. Lau holds leadership roles as the Study Program Leader for the MSc in Road, Railway, and Transportation Engineering, overseeing curriculum development and program coordination. His research focuses on railway track design, dynamic modeling of train-track interactions, and infrastructure maintenance, with projects such as the MeTinT initiative (Measurement with Train in Regular Traffic). He has extensive experience supervising master’s and PhD students, and his work emphasizes innovation in rail infrastructure and sustainable transportation solutions. Education and Professional Background: Lau earned his PhD from NTNU in 2018, focusing on numerical simulations of railway turnouts. Prior roles include Postdoc (2018–2020) and Assistant Professor (2017–2018) at NTNU, and teaching at Oslo Metropolitan University (2020). His industry experience includes roles as a Design Engineer (2010–2012) and Project Engineer (2013–2014) in Malaysia, where he managed construction projects and structural design. Research Interests: Lau’s work spans railway track dynamics, infrastructure health monitoring, and machine learning applications in transportation. Key projects include developing digital twins for railway test sites and analyzing ground displacement impacts on track anomalies. His contributions to the Road, Railway and Transport Group at NTNU aim to advance rail safety and efficiency through interdisciplinary approaches. Teaching and Outreach: Lau coordinates courses such as TBA4225 (Railway Engineering) and BA6012 (Fundamental Railway Technology). His outreach includes expert commentary on railway incidents, such as an interview on NRK (2024) discussing potential causes of a train accident. Current initiatives focus on revitalizing regional rail services and optimizing train positioning systems.

Maj Schian Nielsenمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Multilingualism
• Language Education
• Crosslinguistic Awareness
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Maj Schian Nielsen is a Senior Research Librarian at the University Library of the University of Agder. Her work focuses on multilingualism, crosslinguistic awareness, and German language pedagogy. She is affiliated with the research groups 'Media and Communication Studies' and 'Multilingualism in Society and Education (MUSE).' University of Agder Research Groups: Media and Communication Studies, MUSE Her research explores how multilingual awareness can enhance grammar instruction in German third-language (L3) teacher education programs across Denmark and Norway. Recent publications analyze curriculum structures, educational materials, and the integration of generative AI tools like ChatGPT in multilingual education contexts. Scientific output trends reveal a focus on: Cross-linguistic pedagogy L3 German acquisition Grammar teaching methodologies AI applications in language learning Teacher training for multilingual classrooms Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) frameworks She has not been publicly recognized with scientific awards listed in the available data.

• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Deep Learning
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Habib Ullah is an Associate Professor in Data Science at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway, where he conducts research at the intersection of computer vision and machine learning. He is affiliated with the Institute of Data Science under the Faculty of Science and Technology. He has previously held academic positions at COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, and the University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia, and served as a postdoctoral researcher at The Arctic University of Norway. Educational Background: PhD in Information and Communication Technology (Computer Vision), University of Trento, Italy (2011–2015) MSc in Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, South Korea (2007–2009) BSc in Computer Systems Engineering, NWFP University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan (2002–2006) Habib Ullah's research is primarily focused on computer vision and machine learning, with applications in aquaculture, agriculture, and human behavior analysis. He investigates underwater fish feeding sounds using audio classification, develops zero-shot learning models for recognizing unseen classes, and applies deep learning to detect stress in salmon via skin dot patterns. He also explores AI-driven controlled environment agriculture, leveraging sensors and automation for optimal crop growth. His work emphasizes practical AI solutions for real-world challenges in environmental and biological domains. The recent publications highlight a strong trend in leveraging deep learning for zero-shot and semi-supervised learning, particularly in computer vision tasks such as sea ice classification, crowd anomaly detection, and agricultural monitoring. His research spans remote sensing, biomedical signal processing, and human activity recognition, demonstrating interdisciplinary versatility. The keywords reflect a focus on robust feature representation, knowledge transfer, and model generalization. Scientific Awards and Funding: Industrial PhD grant 'Advancing Controlled Environment Agriculture AI' from The Research Council of Norway (Project number 354125, 2 million NOK, 2024) Team member (Coordinator-Participant) in the Battery Cell Assembly Twin (BatCAT) project funded by Horizon Europe (7 mEuro, 2023–2027) Development of an AI-Based Image Analysis System for Monitoring Plant Status (Funding: 1.8 mNOK, starting 2025) Habib Ullah actively supervises PhD projects and contributes to academic service through editorial and organizational roles. He has served as an Associate Editor for IEEE Access, Guest Editor for MDPI Remote Sensing, and Editor of the Springer book Machine Learning Techniques and Sensor Applications for Human Emotion, Activity Recognition, and Support (ML-SHEARS) . He has also been a Track Chair and Program Committee Member for several international conferences, reflecting his leadership in the academic community. His research is supported by significant grants and collaborative projects, indicating strong institutional and international engagement. He is involved in multiple research teams and projects, including the BatCAT project on battery manufacturing and AI applications in controlled environment agriculture with RIFT LABS AS. His lab work integrates deep learning, sensor fusion, and data analytics for environmental and biological monitoring systems.

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• AI Alignment
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Michael Riegler is a Researcher at the AI Department, Simula Research Laboratory , focusing on interdisciplinary applications of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, sports analytics, and multimedia systems. His work bridges Machine Learning , AI Alignment , and Applied AI across clinical and real-world domains. Key Affiliations: Simula Research Laboratory (AI Department Head) Research Themes: Explainable AI in medicine, multimodal data analysis, and AI-driven health monitoring Research Interests include: Developing AI/ML algorithms for medical imaging (e.g., polyp detection, embryo analysis) Addressing missing data challenges in healthcare through novel imputation techniques Creating multimodal virtual avatars for investigative interview training Designing edge AI systems for sports analytics and sustainable fishing Recent Publications highlight collaborations with institutions in Norway and globally, with a focus on: Medical Applications: Polyp segmentation, ECG analysis, and explainable models for disease detection Sports Analytics: Athlete performance prediction and soccer video processing Data Infrastructure: Lifelogging datasets (ScopeSense), semantic representation frameworks Labs & Teams include leadership in Simula’s AI Department and participation in projects like Medico Multimedia Task , ImageCLEF , and MediaEval workshops. His work emphasizes responsible AI innovation in public sectors and privacy-preserving systems for edge environments.

Inga Berreمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Applied Mathematics
• Geothermal Energy
• Porous Media
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Inga Berre is a Professor at the Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, and serves as Director of the Center for Modeling of Coupled Subsurface Dynamics (CSD). She leads the Porous Media Research Group and was appointed Argyris Visiting Professor at the University of Stuttgart's SimTech Cluster of Excellence in 2023. Research Interests: Mathematical modeling, partial differential equations, numerical methods for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes in subsurface systems, and fault reactivation induced by injection/production. Scientific Leadership: Member of SIAM Council (2022-2027), Chair of SIAM GS activity group (2021-2022), Co-Chair of SET-Plan Deep Geothermal Implementation Working Group (2019-2021), and Chair of the Joint Program Geothermal, European Energy Research Alliance (2018-2021). Awards: 2011 Meltzer Award for Young Researchers. Advisory Roles: Member of Scientific Advisory Boards for GFZ (2024-2027) and SFB1313 (2018-), among others. Teaching: Developed courses on calculus, functional analysis, mathematical modeling, and numerical methods at the Bergen Summer Research School.

Kari Ingstadمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Healthcare Management
• Sociology
• Health Services Organization
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Kari Ingstad is a Professor of Sociology at the Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, and currently serves as Vice-Dean for Research. Her work bridges academia, clinical practice, and policy, focusing on healthcare organization, leadership, and innovation in Norway's health sector. She holds a PhD in Sociology from NTNU (2011) and has extensive clinical experience in municipal and specialist healthcare. Education: PhD in Sociology, NTNU, 2011 Nursing background from municipal and specialist healthcare sectors Research Interests: Workforce planning and staffing strategies in healthcare Impact of shift scheduling on employee well-being and patient safety Integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare operations Cross-sectoral collaboration and innovation in health services Recent Research Trends: Her 2024 publications emphasize strategic staffing solutions, AI-driven shift planning, and long-shift work-life balance. Key projects include the OptiCare-AI initiative (Norwegian Research Council-funded), exploring AI applications for optimizing healthcare resource allocation. Leadership & Grants: Leads the Acute Care, Innovation and Patient Safety (AKIP) research group Principal Investigator on OptiCare-AI (2023–present) Labs/Teams: Active collaborations with the AKIP group and national/international networks on healthcare workforce issues.

• Combustion Engineering
• Alternative Fuels
• Hydrogen Energy
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Terese Løvås serves as Vice Dean of Research and Innovation at the Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), where she leads strategic development of research and innovation activities. She concurrently holds the position of Professor of Combustion and Thermodynamics within the Department of Energy and Process Engineering. Her leadership responsibilities include oversight of Centers of Excellence, Horizon Europe projects, and PhD researcher training. Her research focuses on combustion engineering and alternative fuel technologies , particularly investigating ammonia and hydrogen combustion for zero-emission engines, biomass gasification processes, and reactive multiphase flow modeling. She heads the Engine Lab at NTNU and teaches Thermodynamics, Heat, and Combustion courses. Her work bridges theoretical modeling with experimental validation in sustainable energy systems. Løvås actively contributes to major research initiatives including LowEmission (SFI center), ACTIVATE (ammonia-powered agricultural vehicles), AMAZE (ammonia zero-emission), and CAHEMA (marine ammonia/hydrogen engines). Her publications reveal strong trends in ammonia combustion chemistry , emissions reduction , and advanced computational modeling for sustainable fuel systems, with increasing focus on nitrogen oxide formation mechanisms and dual-fuel strategies. Member of the Board of Directors, Combustion Institute (2022–present) Joint Editor, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute (2019–present) Alumni Fellow in Engineering, Churchill College, Cambridge University As Vice Dean, she manages NTNU's Research and Innovation Committee and represents the faculty in NTNU's Research and Innovation Committee. She supervises multiple PhD candidates and leads international collaborations through projects funded by the Norwegian Research Council, Nordic Energy Research, and EU programs. Her laboratory work focuses on optical engine diagnostics and advanced combustion testing. Løvås maintains active industry engagement through her leadership in the ComKin Research Group and membership in the Institute of Physics and Scandinavian-Nordic Section of the Combustion Institute. Her current work emphasizes practical implementation of ammonia-fueled engine technologies for marine and agricultural applications.

• EEG Signal Processing
• Brain-Computer Interfaces
• Artificial Intelligence
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Marta Molinas is a Professor at the Department of Engineering Cybernetics within the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Her research spans multiple interdisciplinary domains with a focus on EEG technology and brain-computer interfaces. She actively supervises numerous Master's projects and maintains extensive international collaborations with institutions including Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, University of Tsukuba, Juntendo University, and several European universities. Professor Molinas' research interests center on developing innovative EEG technologies, particularly her FlexEEG concept for reduced-channel EEG systems with brain imaging capabilities. Her work integrates signal processing, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience to create practical applications in mental health, sleep research, neurorehabilitation, and human-computer interaction. She specializes in EEG source imaging, machine learning for brain signal analysis, and the development of brain-computer interfaces for various applications including locked-in syndrome communication, ADHD treatment, and driver monitoring systems. Her publication portfolio demonstrates strong trends in interdisciplinary research combining neuroscience with electrical engineering and artificial intelligence. The work shows particular emphasis on developing practical EEG-based systems that minimize invasiveness while maintaining analytical power, with applications spanning healthcare, rehabilitation, and human augmentation. Her research bridges theoretical signal processing with real-world implementations through numerous student projects and international collaborations. Professor Molinas actively supervises a large team of Master's and PhD students across multiple projects, with each project typically requiring two students working collaboratively. Her research is supported through numerous international collaborations with institutions in Japan, India, and Europe, indicating substantial research funding and project leadership. She has developed a pipeline of student projects that build upon previous work, creating a cumulative knowledge base within her research group. She leads the EEG ITK research team at NTNU, which focuses on developing the FlexEEG headset prototype featuring flexible, wireless, dry electrodes designed to move across the scalp. This team works at the intersection of neuroscience, electrical engineering, and computer science, developing applications for sleep research, mental health monitoring, neurorehabilitation, and brain-computer interfaces. The team collaborates extensively with international partners including the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, the International Institute of Integrative Sleep Medicine at University of Tsukuba, and several engineering departments across Europe and Asia.

Anders Åkermanمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Applied Microeconomics
• International Trade
• Labor Economics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Anders Åkerman is a Professor in the Department of Economics and Finance at the UiS School of Business and Law, University of Stavanger. He is an active researcher in applied economics with a focus on labor, trade, technology, and environmental policy. His research interests span applied microeconomics , international trade , labor economics , and environmental economics . He investigates how technological change, market structure, and global shocks affect firms, workers, and policy outcomes. His work often combines empirical methods with policy relevance. The recent articles reflect a strong trend in analyzing digital transformation (e.g., broadband and trade), environmental impacts of trade and production , and economic resilience during crises such as the pandemic. His publications appear in leading journals like the Quarterly Journal of Economics and American Economic Journal: Applied Economics . He has contributed to public discourse through op-eds in Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet , and has been involved in policy commissions like Sweden's Coronakommissionen. He regularly presents research at seminars and international conferences, including the Nordic International Trade Seminar and Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics. Anders Åkerman has advised or collaborated with several researchers and policy experts, including Torsten Persson, Magne Mogstad, and Karolina Ekholm. While formal student advisees are not listed, his collaborative work suggests active mentorship and team leadership. He is affiliated with research networks and institutes such as IFN (Research Institute of Industrial Economics) and participates in interdisciplinary teams focused on economic policy and transition. His upcoming work continues to explore the intersection of technology, environment, and labor markets.

• Microelectronics
• Analog/Digital Circuit Design
• Ultra Low Power Circuits
• +۱ مورد دیگر

Snorre Aunet is a Professor at the Department of Electronic Systems at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), with additional roles as an Adjunct Professor at the Department of Informatics, University of Oslo. His academic career spans institutions in Norway, Germany, and the USA, including sabbaticals at Bielefeld University and University of California, San Diego. Education: Electronics Engineering (Trondheim Technical College, 1987), Informatics (UiO, 1993), and Physical Electronics (NTNU, 2002) Research Focus Dr. Aunet specializes in ultra-low-power mixed-signal integrated circuits and nanoscale CMOS technologies . His work includes innovative MEMS transducer designs for energy harvesting, digital IC development, and robust circuit solutions for emerging semiconductor challenges. Recent Publications His recent contributions include advancements in MEMS technology for sustainable energy systems, editorial leadership at NorCAS conferences, and policy discussions on the European Chips Act. These reflect expertise in both cutting-edge design and strategic technology development. Scientific Recognition 2019: Elected to Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences (NTVA) 2015: Best Paper Award at Asia Symposium on Quality Electronic Design 2006: IEEE Senior Member (Electron Devices Society) 2003: Best Poster Award at Int'l Conf. on Evolvable Systems Leadership & Grants He has chaired multiple IEEE conferences and contributed to projects like Robust Ultra-Low-Power Circuits for Nano-Scale CMOS (NTNU/University of Paderborn). His career combines academic leadership with industry collaboration through Nordic Semiconductor and international research councils.

Kjetil Taskénمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Immunoregulation
• Cancer Immunology
• Precision Medicine
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Kjetil Taskén is a full Professor at the Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , and serves as the Director of the Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital . He leads the OUS Center for Precision Medicine in Cancer (SEPREK) since 2021 and has held multiple leadership roles in molecular medicine initiatives, including Director of the Norwegian Centre for Molecular Medicine (NCMM) and co-founder of Bioteknologisenteret. Current affiliations: University of Oslo | Oslo University Hospital Education: Dr.med. (Molecular Cell Biology) | Cand.med. | Research Leadership Course Research interests include immunoregulation in cancer , precision oncology , cellular signal transduction in disease , and drug development targeting immune checkpoints . His work bridges translational immunology and molecular oncology , with a focus on regulatory T cell modulation for cancer therapy. Scientific contributions span high-impact publications on regulatory T cell inhibition , precision medicine implementation , and signal pathway drug targeting . Recent articles highlight collaborations across Europe (PCM4EU, PRIME-ROSE) and Norway (IMPRESS-Norway), with methodological advances in tumor microenvironment modeling and mutation timing analysis . Awards : King Olav V Cancer Research Prize | Anders Jahre Medical Prize | Faculty Medal (UiO) | Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Leadership : Director of NCMM | Founder of Bioteknologisenteret | Head of multiple national cancer research initiatives Labs and teams include the Cancer Immunology Section at Oslo University Hospital and affiliations with the K. G. Jebsen Center for B-Cell Malignancies , where he co-leads research groups.

• Classroom Research
• Initial Teacher Education
• Critical Thinking
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Emilia Andersson-Bakken is an Associate Professor at Oslo Metropolitan University, affiliated with the Faculty of Education and International Studies and the Department of Primary and Secondary Teacher Education. She teaches and supervises student teachers at bachelor’s, master’s, and PhD levels, contributing significantly to initial teacher education. Her academic work is deeply rooted in classroom research, with a focus on critical thinking, creativity, and classroom discourse in primary education. Her research interests include classroom research , initial teacher education , critical thinking , creativity , and classroom discourse . These themes are reflected in her ongoing involvement in key research projects such as KriT (Critical Thinking in Primary Education), Beyond access: improving quality of early years reading instructions in Ethiopia , and Classroom activities for the six-year-olds – 20 years on (Klassprax_20) . These projects emphasize pedagogical innovation, teacher facilitation, and literacy development in early schooling. The trends in her recent publications reveal a strong commitment to advancing critical thinking through children’s literature, dialogic teaching, and teacher-led inquiry. Her work spans both theoretical and practical dimensions, with a recurring emphasis on how teachers can foster student agency and reflective thinking in primary classrooms. She frequently publishes in educational journals and contributes to edited volumes focused on pedagogy and literacy. She has received no explicitly mentioned scientific awards in the provided text. Emilia supervises students at multiple levels and is actively involved in research funding and dissemination efforts through national and international conferences. Her work is supported by collaborative research teams and institutional frameworks at OsloMet. While no specific grants are named, her participation in multi-year, interdisciplinary projects indicates substantial research support and academic leadership. She is part of the research group Classroom Research and contributes to Research and Development Work on the Lower Primary Level With a Focus on Initial Education . These groups focus on observational studies, curriculum evaluation, and teacher development in early education contexts.