جستجوی استاد راهنمای دانشگاهی

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Explainable Artificial Intelligence
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Brian Y. Lim is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the National University of Singapore (NUS), leading the NUS Ubicomp Lab. His research integrates Explainable AI (XAI) , Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) , and Ubiquitous Computing to address societal challenges in healthcare , wellness , and urban sustainability . He holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in Human-Computer Interaction from Carnegie Mellon University and a B.S. in Engineering Physics from Cornell University. Education: B.S., Engineering Physics, Cornell University M.S., Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University Ph.D., Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University His research focuses on designing human-centric AI systems that prioritize transparency and user trust. Key areas include explainable AI algorithms , context-aware computing , data visualization , and trustworthy machine learning . Projects like RexNet and Directed Diversity demonstrate his work in creating relatable AI explanations and enhancing crowd creativity through algorithmic prompting. Recent publications (2022–2025) highlight advancements in faithful visual explanations , user-centric XAI frameworks , and healthcare analytics . Notable awards include the CHI'22 Best Paper Award , IMWUT Distinguished Paper Award , and MOE Outstanding Mentor Award . He has advised numerous PhD and Masters students and leads the NUS Ubicomp Lab, which explores applications like TasteHealthy (food recommendation app) and Food Loves Fellowship (narrative data visualization).

WANG Yeمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Sound and Music Computing
• Music Information Retrieval
• eHealth
• +۱۲ مورد دیگر

WANG Ye is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS). He holds a PhD in Information Technology from Tampere University of Technology, Finland, and has been a tenured faculty member at NUS since 2002, following his industry research role at Nokia Research Center. He is the director of the Sound and Music Computing Lab at NUS, leading cutting-edge research in AI-driven music and health technologies. PhD, Information Technology, Tampere University of Technology, Finland (2002) MSc, Telecommunications, Braunschweig University of Technology, Germany (1993) BSc, Telecommunications, South China University of Technology, China (1983) His research is centered on Sound and Music Computing for Human Health and Potential (SMC4HHP) , with a focus on eHealth, eLearning, mobile/wearable computing, and music information retrieval. His work spans AI for stroke rehabilitation, language learning through singing, singing voice synthesis, and automatic music transcription. He has pioneered systems like SLIONS (language learning via karaoke), CocoLyricist (AI co-creation for stroke recovery), and SinTechSVS (expressive singing voice synthesis). The latest articles highlight a strong trend in AI-driven music and health technologies , particularly in controllable lyric generation, singing voice synthesis, automatic pronunciation assessment, and multimodal music transcription. The research increasingly integrates large language models, explainable AI, fairness, and real-world deployment, reflecting a shift from theoretical exploration to practical, human-centered applications in healthcare and education. Dr. Wang has received numerous scientific honors, including: Best Paper Awards at ACM MM, ISMIR, IEEE ISM, and CHI First Prize, Asia Pacific Assistive, Rehabilitative, and Therapeutic Technologies Challenge (2015) Faculty Teaching Excellence Award, NUS School of Computing (2024) Top Paper Award, ACM Multimedia 2022 AI in Medicine Collaborative Grant for CocoLyricist project He has supervised over 11 PhD and 20 MComp students and is currently guiding six PhD candidates. His grants come from MOE, NRF, A*STAR, Nokia, and Smule. He has served as General Chair of ISMIR2017 and TPC Co-Chair of ICOT2017, and is on the editorial boards of IEEE Transactions on Multimedia and Journal of New Music Research. He has also developed and taught the first course on Sound and Music Computing in Singapore. Dr. Wang leads the Sound and Music Computing Lab (SMC Lab) , a multidisciplinary team exploring the synergy of music computing, AI, mobile technology, and cloud systems for health and education. The lab actively collaborates with medical institutions such as NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, and is currently working on projects in AI-supported language learning, stroke rehabilitation, and intelligent music interfaces.

LEONG Tze Yunمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Responsible AI
• Dynamic Decision-Making
• Neurocognitive Modeling
• +۳ مورد دیگر

LEONG Tze Yun is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS). She holds S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Her academic career spans both research and industry experience, with significant contributions to the fields of artificial intelligence and health informatics. Dr. Leong's educational background includes: Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology S.M. in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology S.B. in Computer Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Her primary research interests focus on responsible AI, dynamic decision-making, neurocognitive modeling, reinforcement learning, artificial general intelligence, and biomedical and health informatics. Her work bridges the gap between theoretical AI development and practical healthcare applications, with an emphasis on ethical considerations and human-centered design. She directs the Medical Computing Laboratory at NUS, a multidisciplinary research program exploring human-aware decision modeling in complex environments. Analysis of her recent publications reveals a strong trend toward responsible AI development, with significant contributions to reinforcement learning techniques, causal inference methods, and applications of AI in healthcare. Her work increasingly integrates ethical considerations with technical AI development, particularly evident in her 2024 publications on medical AI and human values. Her scientific recognition includes: Fellow of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) Founding Fellow of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI) Member of Eta Kappa Nu (Honor Society for Electrical Engineers) Dr. Leong has supervised numerous doctoral and master's students throughout her career, many of whom have gone on to prominent positions at institutions like Google, Netflix, Mayo Clinic, and academic institutions worldwide. Her advisory work extends to significant policy development, including contributions to WHO guidance on ethics and governance of AI for health. She currently serves on the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Group on Ethics and Governance of AI for Health, the World Economic Forum (WEF) AI Governance Alliance, and the Advisory Council on AI in Uzbekistan. Her laboratory work focuses on developing adaptive systems that evolve with changing technical functionalities, system infrastructures, usage patterns, and operational contexts, with applications spanning prediction and decision analytics, human-aware robotics, game artificial intelligence, personalized education, and assistive care for elderly with neurocognitive disorders.

• Strategy
• Management
• Organisational Behaviour
• +۱۰ مورد دیگر

Sam Yam is a Professor and Head of the Management & Organisation Department at the National University of Singapore's (NUS) Business School. He holds the Jardine Cycle & Carriage Professorship and serves as Associate Dean. His research spans strategy, organisational behaviour, applied psychology, ethics, and human-technology interaction. Yam has contributed to over 125 publications, focusing on AI ethics, workplace dynamics, and cross-cultural management. He explores topics like robot replacement effects, abusive supervision, and financial anxiety's intergenerational impacts. His work bridges psychology, ethics, and organisational theory, addressing contemporary challenges in automation, leadership, and human-AI collaboration. Appointments: Head of Management & Organisation (2022–present), Joint Appointment in Arts & Social Sciences (2023–present). Key Research Themes: Future of work, human-technology interaction, ethical leadership, and Machiavellian dynamics. Notable Contributions: Multimodal ADHD diagnostics, leader biases toward robot-using employees, and cultural impacts on team performance. Yam’s interdisciplinary approach integrates psychology, technology, and management, addressing societal issues like AI ethics and workplace automation. His research frequently appears in top journals like the Journal of Management and Annual Review of Organizational Psychology .

Zhu Lailaiمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Fluid-Structure Interactions
• Active Matter
• Bio-inspired Design
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Dr. Zhu Lailai serves as Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore (NUS), appointed in January 2020. His research bridges fundamental fluid mechanics with cutting-edge engineering applications through computational and theoretical approaches. Dr. Zhu holds a PhD from KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden) and completed postdoctoral training at Princeton University. His research program centers on: Low-Reynolds-number fluid-structure interactions and bio-inspired adaptive systems Active matter dynamics (Janus colloids, active droplets, flagella/cilia) Intelligent fluids integrating machine learning for fluid dynamics Microrobotics with reinforcement learning-based chemotactic navigation Non-Newtonian/multiphase flows and microfluidics applications Analysis of his 2017-2025 publications reveals a clear trajectory toward AI-enhanced fluid mechanics, evolving from foundational theoretical models to machine learning integration. Recent work emphasizes foundation models for fluid dynamics prediction and topology-adaptive microrobotic navigation, demonstrating interdisciplinary convergence of physics, AI, and bionics. Scientific Awards: No major scientific awards specified in source materials Advising and Grants: While specific advisees and grants aren't detailed, his active publication record across high-impact journals (Nature Communications, Journal of Fluid Mechanics) indicates ongoing supervised research and likely grant funding through NUS and collaborative projects. Research Group: Dr. Zhu leads a computational/theoretical research team at NUS investigating active and intelligent fluids, with current projects on PCM thermal systems, microrobotic navigation, and active matter phase transitions, collaborating with experimentalists globally.

• Additive Manufacturing
• Aerospace Engineering
• Thermofluids
• +۱ مورد دیگر

Associate Professor Ng Bing Feng leads research in Additive Manufacturing, Aerospace Engineering, and Thermofluids at Nanyang Technological University's School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering. As Cluster Director for Smart & Sustainable Building Technologies at NTU's Energy Research Institute, he oversees projects spanning energy-efficient cooling technologies, advanced filtration systems, and bio-inspired materials. His interdisciplinary work integrates advanced manufacturing with environmental engineering, focusing on sustainable solutions for air quality management and thermal regulation. Current research explores radiative cooling technologies, acoustic agglomeration for emissions control, and crashworthy structures via biomimetic design. Professor Ng's publications demonstrate consistent innovation in multi-scale manufacturing and fluid dynamics, with growing emphasis on sustainable urban technologies. Methodologies combine experimental fluid dynamics with computational modeling and AI-driven design. Leadership Roles: Cluster Director, Energy Research Institute @ NTU Principal Investigator for multiple industry collaborations in sustainable materials Research Output: 42+ publications in high-impact journals Multiple patents in filtration technologies and cooling systems

Ian Yi Hanمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Programme Evaluation
• Population Health
• Health Services Research
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Ian Yi Han is an Assistant Professor at the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), and Co-Director of the Center for Health Intervention and Policy Evaluation Research (HIPER). His research focuses on evaluating community-based health interventions, telehealth programs, and the impact of built environments on health behaviors. He holds a Ph.D. in Behavioral Nutrition from Columbia University, an M.A. in Psychology in Education, and a B.Sc. in Neural Science & Psychology from New York University. Key research areas include programme evaluation, population health, health services research, and dietary behaviors. He explores how interventions can improve patient experiences and population health outcomes, particularly through telemedicine and lifestyle modifications. His work has been published in journals like npj Digital Medicine, Metabolism, and the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. Notable projects include studies on blood pressure telemonitoring, diabetes management during the pandemic, and supermarket intervention strategies for obesity prevention. Dr. Han has contributed to policy initiatives through roles such as Senior Research Fellow at the National University Health System and Lecturer at Columbia University. He advises on primary care research and collaborates on global health projects, emphasizing interdisciplinary solutions to public health challenges.

Tulika Mitraمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Hardware-Software Co-design
• Real-Time Embedded Systems
• Energy-Efficient Computing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Professor Tulika Mitra is the Dean of the School of Computing and Vice Provost (Special Projects) at the National University of Singapore (NUS). She holds the Provost’s Chair Professor in the Department of Computer Science and has been instrumental in shaping academic policies and strategic initiatives at NUS since joining in 2001. PhD in Computer Science, Stony Brook University (2000) M.E. in Computer Science, Indian Institute of Science (1997) B.E. in Computer Science, Jadavpur University (1995) Her research focuses on hardware-software co-design for energy-efficient computing systems, particularly in real-time embedded systems, heterogeneous architectures, and AI accelerators. She leads major research programs such as the NRF Competitive Research Programme on Low-Power Edge Accelerators and the MOE Tier-3 Programme on Green AI , collaborating with industry leaders like ARM, AMD, and Meta. Her recent publications highlight innovations in CGRA optimization , sparse attention mechanisms , photonic-digital hybrid architectures , and low-power ML inference . These works often integrate compiler techniques, architectural design, and real-time constraints for edge computing applications. Scientific Awards : ESWEEK Test-of-Time Award (2022), ACM SIGDA Distinguished Service Award, IEEE CEDA Outstanding Service Recognition Award, Teaching Excellence Award (2006), and multiple best paper recognitions. Education Leadership : Spearheaded the Computer Engineering (CEG) Programme at NUS, a joint initiative between Engineering and Computing. As a mentor , she has supervised over 25 PhD students , many now in prominent academic or industrial roles. Her research group eCO Lab focuses on embedded computing challenges, while her grant collaborations include projects on 5G base stations, reconfigurable architectures, and IoT-optimized SoCs.

Ambuj Varshneyمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Wireless Communication
• Internet of Things
• Embedded Systems
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Ambuj Varshney is an Assistant Professor at the National University of Singapore (NUS) School of Computing , leading the WEISER research group . His work bridges electronics, wireless communication, computer science, and AI with a focus on creating ultra-low-power embedded systems for sustainable IoT deployments. University of California, Berkeley: Postdoctoral Scholar (2020-2022) Uppsala University: PhD in Sustainable Networked Systems NXP Semiconductors: Software Engineer (prior to PhD) Bachelors in Information & Communication Technology Research interests center on overcoming wireless systems' energy asymmetry through tunnel diode oscillators , LiFi-RF hybrid networks , and battery-free communication architectures . His group develops STICORS —sticker-like computers for industrial and medical monitoring. Recent publications demonstrate AudioCast 's FM-band utilization for 130m transmission, TunnelSense 's vital monitoring, and PixelGen 's diffusion model cameras. These works combine IoT sustainability, spectrum efficiency, and hardware innovation . 2024: Google Research Scholar Award 2023: MobiSys Best Demonstration 2021: Berkeley FORM+FUND Fellowship 2019: ABB's $300K Research Award As an educator, he teaches CS4222 Wireless Networking and CS5272 Embedded Software Design . Past students include Wenqing Yan (NUS/UCB PhD), Qiao Yukai , and Kunjun Li . His team collaborates with Prabal Dutta (UCB), Christian Rohner (Uppsala), and Prateek Saxena (NUS).

• Urban and Regional Planning
• Real Estate Economics
• Housing Markets and Policy
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Roles and Affiliations: Tien Foo Sing is the Provost's Chair Professor in the Department of Real Estate at the NUS Business School, National University of Singapore. He serves on the Management Board of the Institute of Real Estate and Urban Studies (IREUS) and was its former Director (2017–2022). He has held leadership roles including Head of the Department of Real Estate (2020–2022) and past President of the Asian Real Estate Society (AsRES). He is a CLC Fellow (2024–2026), Fellow of AsRES, and a Fellow of the Weimer School of Advanced Studies. He edits the International Real Estate Review and serves on editorial boards of journals like Real Estate Economics and Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. Education: PhD (Land Economy) and MPhil (Land Economy) from the University of Cambridge, UK; BSc (Estate Management) from NUS. Research Interests: Focuses on urban planning, real estate economics, housing markets, climate finance, transport economics, and environmental policy. His work bridges theory and policy, addressing issues like urban resilience, intergenerational mobility, and environmental externalities. Recent studies include impacts of sea level rise on housing prices, ESG-REIT linkages, and PropTech adoption. Awards: Recognized with the Outstanding Referee Award (2017) for Real Estate Economics, Fellowships from AsRES and the Weimer School, and book awards for his 'Kiasunomics' series. Professional Activities: Serves on government boards (e.g., Valuation Review Board, Singapore Chapter of APREA) and advises organizations like the PropTech Association of Singapore. His work influences policy on housing, transportation, and sustainable development. Labs/Teams: Leads research initiatives through IREUS and collaborates with institutions like the Sustainable & Green Finance Institute (SGFIN). His projects often involve large-scale data analysis (e.g., smart card transit data, housing transactions).

GONG Jiangbinمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Topological Phases of Matter
• Quantum Computation
• Quantum Information
• +۶ مورد دیگر

GONG Jiangbin serves as Professor and Head of Department at the National University of Singapore (NUS), holding the prestigious Provost's Chair Professorship (2020-2026). He is a Principal Investigator at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) with office S12-02-10 and contact email phygj@nus.edu.sg. Education: PhD, University of Toronto, Canada (2001) His research program centers on topological quantum phenomena, with primary focus on novel topological phases of matter and their applications in quantum computation and information transfer. The group actively investigates quantum dynamics control, quantum simulation frameworks for metrology/sensing applications, disorder physics in few/many-body systems, quantum chaos, and emerging quantum machine learning paradigms to bridge theoretical advances with practical quantum technologies. Analysis of recent publications (2018-2024) reveals consistent expertise in topological quantum systems, spanning non-Abelian braiding in Majorana time crystals, Thouless pumping with single spins, exotic Floquet semimetals, acoustic topological platforms, and KPZ physics in Anderson localization - demonstrating deep integration of theoretical modeling with experimental quantum platforms. Scientific Awards: Provost's Chair Professorship (2020-2026) National Research Foundation Investigatorship (class of 2017) No explicit information regarding student advising or specific research grants was provided in the source material, though his leadership role suggests significant mentorship responsibilities and grant oversight. Gong leads a multidisciplinary research group at CQT/NUS that synergizes theoretical quantum physics with experimental quantum technologies, maintaining active collaborations across quantum simulation, topological materials, and quantum information science to advance next-generation quantum computing architectures.

ONG Soh Khimمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing
• Intelligent Manufacturing Systems
• Sustainable Product Design
• +۴ مورد دیگر

ONG Soh Khim is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and a member of the NUS Graduate School. She is a Fellow of CIRP (International Academy for Production Engineering), the first Asian and fourth female Fellow globally. Her research focuses on augmented reality (AR) and digital twins in manufacturing, with applications in assistive technology and sustainable design. She has authored/co-edited 6 books, over 300 journal/conference papers, and holds an H-index of 66 (Google Scholar) and 52 (Scopus). She has held leadership roles, including serving as a Nominated Member of the Singapore Parliament (2005–2006) and on multiple NUS governance boards. Her honors include the Singapore Youth Award (2004), M. Eugene Merchant Award (2004), and the 2021 Long Service Medal. She advocates for gender diversity in STEM, leading initiatives like the Girls2Pioneers program. Her current roles include Senior Principal Investigator at NUS Research Institutes in Suzhou and Guangzhou, and Visiting Professorships at Chinese universities.

Sanjay Jainمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Inductive Inference
• Recursion Theory
• Complexity Theory
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Sanjay Jain is a Provost's Chair Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS). His research focuses on theoretical computer science with particular emphasis on inductive inference, recursion theory, complexity theory, and computational learning theory. Education: B.Tech. in Computer Science from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India (1986) M.S. in Computer Science from University of Rochester, USA (1988) Ph.D. in Computer Science from University of Rochester, USA (1990) Professor Jain's research spans multiple areas of theoretical computer science. His primary contributions are in computational learning theory, where he has made significant advances in understanding the intrinsic complexity of language identification and the limits of inductive inference. His work on recursion theory explores fundamental questions about computability and complexity, while his research in complexity theory addresses structural aspects of computational problems. A notable achievement was his work on "Deciding Parity Games in Quasipolynomial Time," which won the prestigious STOC 2017 best paper award and later the EATCS-IPEC Nerode Prize. Professor Jain's publication record shows a consistent focus on theoretical foundations of computer science, particularly in learning theory and computational complexity. His recent work has expanded into automatic structures, semiautomatic models, and connections between computational learning and algebraic structures. There is a clear progression from foundational work on language identification to more complex models involving automatic functions, transducers, and connections to mathematical logic. Scientific Awards: STOC 2017 Best Paper Award for "Deciding Parity Games in Quasipolynomial Time" EATCS-IPEC Nerode Prize (2021) Professor Jain has served on the editorial board of Information and Computation and has been actively involved in the academic community through program committee memberships for major conferences including COLT, ALT, LATA, TAMC, and PRICAI. He has held leadership roles as program co-chair for ALT 2000 and ALT 2013, and conference chair for ALT 2005. His work has been supported by various research grants, though specific details are not provided in the available materials. Professor Jain leads research in theoretical computer science at NUS, where he has built a strong research group focused on computational learning theory and related areas. His work often involves collaborations with researchers from around the world, particularly with Frank Stephan, with whom he has co-authored numerous papers. His research group has made significant contributions to understanding the fundamental limits and possibilities of computational learning models.

Aaron Theanمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Semiconductor Technology
• Advanced Electronics
• Nanoelectronics
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Prof Aaron Thean is the Deputy President (Academic Affairs) and Provost at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Formerly, he served as Dean of the College of Design and Engineering at NUS and held senior roles at IMEC (Belgium) as Vice President of Logic Technologies and Director of Logic Devices Research. His expertise spans advanced semiconductor device technologies, including FinFETs, nanowire FETs, III-V/Ge channels, and emerging beyond-CMOS architectures. He holds degrees from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering) and has published over 300 papers with 50+ patents. His awards include the Gregory Stillman Award (2001) and Compound Semiconductor Innovation Award (2014). Research interests focus on semiconductor innovation, device-process co-optimization (DTCO), and monolithic 3D integration. Notable contributions include industry-first Gate-First HKMG technologies, advanced strained silicon platforms, and neuromorphic computing hardware. His work bridges academia and industry through collaborations with Qualcomm, IBM, and foundry partners. Current initiatives emphasize energy-efficient computing and wearable sensor systems. Prof Thean’s leadership spans NUS-wide academic strategy and global research partnerships. His technical legacy includes foundational advancements in transistor scaling, low-power CMOS design, and AI-driven failure analysis methodologies.

Bimlesh Wadhwaمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Software Engineering
• Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
• Computing Education
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Bimlesh Wadhwa is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and serves as Assistant Dean for Student Life at Tembusu College. She holds dual affiliations as a Residential Fellow at Tembusu College and an active member of the School of Computing's academic community. Her work bridges software engineering, human-computer interaction (HCI), and computing education. Dr. Wadhwa's research focuses on gender issues in HCI, software design quality, and digital well-being. She has pioneered initiatives like the Code for Community program to bring computing education to underserved groups. Her pedagogical contributions include developing courses on object-oriented design, software engineering principles, and interaction design. She actively engages with professional communities through roles such as Faculty Representative at the Singapore Computer Society Student Chapter and advisor to the Computing Club at NUS. Her recent work addresses pressing societal challenges like technology-facilitated sexual violence and integrates AI into educational contexts. She has organized major competitions including CodeXtreme and the Singapore Science and Engineering Fair, fostering innovation among students. Her interdisciplinary collaborations span healthcare applications, smart city technologies, and educational equity initiatives. Dr. Wadhwa’s scholarly contributions include over 80 publications in top venues such as FSE, CHI, and IEEE conferences. She has co-edited book chapters for Springer and Wiley on HCI and informatics, reflecting her commitment to advancing both technical and societal dimensions of computing. In addition to her academic roles, she leads MakerLab initiatives and contributes to national educational policies on computational thinking. Her work emphasizes bridging academia-industry gaps through projects like the GEAR mobile game-assisted rehabilitation system and cloud service brokerage frameworks.