جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

Esther Dufloمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Development Economics
• Poverty Alleviation
• Health
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Esther Duflo is the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics in the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is also co-founder and co-director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), holds the Chaire, Pauvreté et politiques publiques at the Collège de France, and serves as President of the Paris School of Economics. Her research focuses on understanding the economic lives of people living in poverty to help design and evaluate social policies. Her work spans multiple domains including: Development Economics Poverty Alleviation strategies Health interventions Educational programs Financial inclusion initiatives Environmental policy Governance improvements Duflo revolutionized developmental economics by pioneering the use of randomized controlled trials to test poverty reduction measures. Her empirical approach has challenged conventional opinions about development and has helped improve the efficient use of resources in poverty alleviation programs worldwide. She co-authored the influential books "Poor Economics" and "Good Economics for Hard Times" with Abhijit Banerjee, demonstrating through field experiments how specific interventions (like providing lentils to mothers for child immunization) can dramatically improve social outcomes. Her notable scientific achievements include: Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (2019) Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences (2015) Infosys Prize (2014) John Bates Clark Medal (2010) MacArthur "Genius Grant" Fellowship (2009) A.SK Social Science Award (2015) Duflo has established J-PAL as a global network of over a hundred affiliated professors who use scientific evidence to inform policy decisions in the fight against poverty. J-PAL has offices across Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, and South and Southeast Asia. Her work has demonstrated the crucial importance of information in policymaking, with numerous field experiments showing how carefully designed interventions can have significant impacts on social outcomes across multiple domains including health, education, and economic opportunity.

Sheng Shenمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Nanophotonics
• Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion
• Advanced Manufacturing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Sheng Shen is a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) , with courtesy appointments in the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering . He earned his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (Minor in Electrical Engineering) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , and his B.S. and M.S. from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China. Prior to joining CMU in 2011, he conducted postdoctoral research at UC-Berkeley . Education: Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, MIT (2010) B.S. & M.S., Power Engineering & Engineering Thermophysics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (2000 & 2003) Research interests include nanophotonics , nanoscale energy transport and conversion , nanofabrication , and advanced manufacturing , with applications in thermal management , light sources and devices , thermal emission control , solar energy conversion , infrared sensing , and multifunctional materials . His work leverages interdisciplinary expertise in thermal and optical measurements , material synthesis , device fabrication , and theoretical modeling . Recent publications highlight advancements in infrared radiation control , thermal interface materials , metasurface engineering , and graphene-based nanosystems . His scientific awards include: NSF CAREER Award DARPA Director's Fellowship DARPA Young Faculty Award Elsevier/JQSRT Raymond Viskanta Award CMU Dean's Early Career Fellowship Philomathia Foundation Research Fellowship Hewlett-Packard Best Paper Award Best Paper Award, Julius Springer Forum Advising spans Ph.D. and postdoctoral researchers in nanoscale energy systems, with alumni contributing to solar energy conversion , infrared sensing , and flexible electronics . His lab receives funding from ARL, DARPA, DOE, DTRA, NASA, NSF, and ONR , and recently secured a DURIP award for instrumentation.

Hassan Qudrat-Ullahمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Sustainability
• Global/Climate Change
• System Dynamics
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Dr. Hassan Qudrat-Ullah is a Professor at the School of Administrative Studies, York University, and Coordinator of the Certificate in Logistics Management. He holds a PhD in Decision Sciences from NUS Business School and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at Carnegie Mellon University. His research focuses on dynamic decision making, system dynamics modeling, energy planning, and interactive learning environments. He teaches courses on quantitative methods, logistics, and decision analysis, informed by global industry experience across 20+ countries. Research interests include sustainability, climate change, systems thinking, and educational applications of decision sciences. He serves as Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Technology and is a member of IEEE, DSI, and the International System Dynamics Society. His work has been published in Energy , Decision Support Systems , and others. Key projects include studies on 'structured-debriefing in dynamic decision making' and renewable energy policies in Africa. His recent articles (2023–2025) address AI integration in energy governance, system dynamics for supply chain resilience, and education for sustainability. Hassan advocates for systems thinking in K-12 education and enjoys traveling (visited 129 countries) and bird-watching.

Klaus F.X. Mayerمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Plant Genomics
• Bioinformatics
• Crop Science
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Klaus Mayer serves as Director of the Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB) research group at Helmholtz Zentrum München and holds an Honorary Professorship at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) School of Life Sciences since 2015. His work bridges environmental health research and academic instruction, focusing on genomic solutions for global food systems under climate stress. His academic foundation includes: PhD in Plant Developmental Biology from Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen (1994-1997) Postdoctoral research at Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry (1997-1999) Mayer's research decodes genomes of staple crops (wheat, rye, barley, sorghum) to develop climate-resilient varieties, enhance food security, and investigate plant allergen-human health interactions. His team employs advanced bioinformatics and big data analytics to study genetic diversity in orphan crops and plant-microbe ecosystems, prioritizing translational applications for sustainable agriculture under extreme environmental conditions. Scientific Recognition: IWGSC Outstanding Leadership Award (2015) for wheat genome sequencing leadership Leading the PGSB group, Mayer coordinates international consortia including the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium. His current DFG-funded projects explore plant-microbe interaction genomics and virtual research data infrastructure, demonstrating commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration for planetary health solutions.

Kingsley Edneyمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• International Relations
• Chinese Politics
• Soft Power
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr Kingsley Edney is an Associate Professor in International Relations of China at the University of Leeds' School of Politics and International Studies. He holds a PhD (International Relations) and MA (Political Science) from the University of Melbourne, along with a BA(Hons) in Politics and Anthropology from Victoria University of Wellington. Fluent in Chinese and with experience living in Shanghai and Beijing, his research focuses on China's non-material international security dynamics, including cultural diplomacy, propaganda, and ideological strategies to manage global information flows. His expertise includes Chinese soft power, the role of ideology in foreign policy, and the intersection of domestic political cohesion with international security objectives. He teaches undergraduate and master's courses on China's domestic and international politics. Current postgraduate researchers under his supervision are Jinru Huang, Yanyu Lu, and Hengfeng Zhao. Edney's research outputs span topics like public perceptions of China in the Anglosphere, Chinese youth nationalism, and environmental governance. His work often bridges theoretical frameworks with empirical analysis of China's evolving global engagement strategies. He maintains active academic engagement through platforms like Google Scholar and ORCID.

Peninah Murageمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Environmental Epidemiology
• Climate Change
• Health Geography
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr Peninah Murage is an Assistant Professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the Department of Public Health, Environments and Society under the Faculty of Public Health and Policy. She specializes in environmental epidemiology with a PhD in Health Geography and focuses on health impacts of environmental changes, particularly climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Affiliation: Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health Her research explores climate change effects on health outcomes like heat-related mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive development in children. She integrates GIS/spatial analysis with public health and policy frameworks to identify nature-based solutions for sustainable development. Current work examines systemic inequalities in heat risk exposure and interventions such as tree-based strategies in low-income settings. Key grants include: Health Protection Research Unit on Climate Change and Health Security (2025-2030, NIHR) Climate Change and Non-Communicable Diseases in Senegal (2024-2027) Pathfinder 2: Accelerating Climate Action for Health (2023-2026) She actively contributes to the Lancet Pathfinder Commission and serves on the Executive Committee of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (African Chapter).

Katherine Brickellمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Social Geography
• Cultural Geography
• Historical Geography
• +۱۰ مورد دیگر

Katherine Brickell is Professor of Human Geography at Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL), where she serves as Research Lead for the Department of Geography. She is editor of the journal Gender, Place and Culture and former Chair of the RGS-IBG Gender and Feminist Geographies Research Group. Her work spans social, political, development, urban and legal geography with a feminist orientation. Brickell's research centers on three interconnected themes: home and home unmaking, labor precarity, and feminist legal geographies. Her longstanding interest in the domestic sphere and home unmaking aims to reaffirm the home as a political entity. Her monograph Home SOS: Gender, Violence and Survival in Crisis Ordinary Cambodia brings together 15 years of research on domestic violence and forced eviction. Since 2017, she has conducted collaborative work in London and Dublin on modular housing for homeless families. She has also led significant research on labor conditions in Cambodia, including the ESRC-DFID funded 'Blood Bricks' project (2016-2019) studying climate change impacts on rural families migrating to brick kilns. Her recent publications reveal a strong focus on debt, microfinance, and climate vulnerability in Cambodia, with multiple 2022-2024 articles examining how over-indebtedness intersects with social reproduction and climate adaptation. Her work consistently applies feminist lenses to understand spatial dimensions of power, particularly in Southeast Asia. Brickell has published in top journals including Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , Progress in Human Geography , Antipode , and Annals of the American Association of Geographers . Gill Memorial Award (2014) Philip Leverhulme Prize (2016) Times Higher Education Research Project of the Year (2020) Brickell has supervised numerous doctoral students and mentored postdoctoral fellows working on topics including remittances during COVID-19, climate mobilities, moral geographies of garment work, and women's experiences with domestic violence. Her research has been funded by ESRC-DFID, UKRI GCRF, and the Urban Studies Foundation, among others. She collaborates extensively with colleagues in Cambodia and across Europe, with current projects examining climate resilience, credit-taking, and nutrition in Cambodia and South India, as well as the economic impacts of the pandemic on Cambodian garment workers.

Hugo Jose Herrera de Leonمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر ارشد

• System Dynamics
• Socio-Ecological Resilience
• Climate Change Policy
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Hugo Jose Herrera de Leon is a Research Fellow at the Department of Geography, University of Bergen. His work focuses on socio-ecological resilience, system dynamics modeling, and policy planning for climate change adaptation. He is affiliated with the System Dynamics research group and has presented at major international conferences like the European Conference on Operational Research and the International System Dynamics Conference. His research explores bioeconomy transitions in Norwegian agriculture, resilience in farming systems, and participatory policy design. He has been funded by the Research Council of Norway (2021-2025) for projects investigating sustainable transitions in rural systems. Notable contributions include developing frameworks for assessing resilience through hybrid simulations and collaborative modeling approaches. Publications span topics like microworld simulations for policymaking, organizational impacts of group model-building, and system dynamics applications in food security. His doctoral thesis (2018) addressed public policy strategies for enhancing resilience in socio-ecological systems under climate change.

Per Krusellمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Macroeconomics
• Inequality
• Climate Economics
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Per Krusell is Professor of Economics at Stockholm University and holds the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Chair at the Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES). He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and served as President of the European Economic Association in 2020. He is currently the Secretary of the Prize Committee for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Education: PhD in Economics, University of Minnesota Research Interests: Per Krusell’s research spans macroeconomics , inequality , climate economics , labor markets , and political economy . He has made foundational contributions to understanding incomplete markets, wealth distribution, optimal taxation, and the macroeconomic effects of climate change. His work often integrates dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with heterogeneous agents to study long-run outcomes and policy impacts. Publications Trend: His recent publications (2022–2025) reflect a strong focus on climate policy , integrated assessment modeling , and macro-labor dynamics . Key themes include carbon taxation, labor supply responses to productivity growth, fiscal multipliers in heterogeneous-agent settings, and the macroeconomic consequences of vaccination and epidemic control. Awards & Honors: Fellow of the Econometric Society Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Chair in Economics President, European Economic Association (2020) Secretary, Nobel Prize Committee in Economic Sciences Advising & Grants: While specific student names are not listed, his leadership roles in global economic associations and policy committees indicate extensive academic advising and grant involvement in macroeconomic policy and climate economics. Labs & Teams: He is affiliated with the Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES) at Stockholm University, a leading research institute in macroeconomics and international economics.

Rizwan Ahmedمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس ارشد

• Sustainable Finance
• Green Finance
• FinTech
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Rizwan Ahmed is a Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance at the University of Kent 's Kent Business School . He serves as Director of Studies for the Department for Accounting and Finance, with prior experience as an Assistant Professor at institutions like the University of Birmingham, Cardiff Business School, and Birkbeck University of London. His research focuses on Sustainable Finance , FinTech , and Corporate Governance , with funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) for collaborative projects. Fellowship of Higher Education Academy (HEA-UK) Associate Fellow Member, Chartered Institute of Securities and Investment (CISI-UK) His publications in journals like Energy Economics and International Journal of Finance and Economics examine intersections between climate risk, financial markets, and regulatory frameworks. He supervises PhD research in areas including Sustainable Finance, Climate Finance, and Corporate Governance in the financial sector. Research Trends Recent articles analyze climate change impacts , energy market spillovers , and ESG performance under sanctions, utilizing empirical methods and data from the UK, China, and emerging economies. Methodological innovations include cross-quantilogram analysis and portfolio optimization frameworks. Scientific Awards Fellowship of Higher Education Academy (HEA-UK) Associate Fellow Member, Chartered Institute of Securities and Investment (CISI-UK) Rizwan also acts as a peer reviewer for journals including International Review of Financial Analysis and Technological Forecasting & Social Change .

Amy Maguireمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Human Rights
• Public International Law
• Indigenous Rights
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Professor Amy Maguire is a leading academic in human rights and public international law at the University of Newcastle, Australia. She holds roles as Deputy Head of the School of Law and Justice (2021-2024) and co-founder Director of the Centre for Law and Social Justice. Her research focuses on human rights accountability, Indigenous rights, climate change displacement, and refugee rights. She has secured over $2.7 million in grants, including an ARC Mid-Career Industry Fellowship (2024-2028) for national human rights reform initiatives. Maguire advises the Queensland Parliament on human rights compliance and collaborates with global institutions like the Australian Human Rights Commission. Her work has influenced policy, including Australia’s death penalty abolition strategy and Indigenous rights frameworks. She has been awarded multiple accolades for research and teaching excellence, including the 2020 Leadership Excellence Award and 2016 Early Career Researcher of the Year. Maguire’s education includes a BA, LLB (Hons), and PhD from the University of Newcastle. Her interdisciplinary approach bridges law and social justice, addressing issues like climate migration and legal responses to global crises. She leads projects such as the Hunter Region climate displacement study and the Human Rights Measurement System. Maguire’s public engagement includes over 70 articles for The Conversation, reaching 920,000+ readers, and expert media commentary globally. She advocates for inclusive education through initiatives like early entry programs for Indigenous and refugee students, earning a 2021 Senior Fellowship from Advance HE. Her research outputs span 60+ publications, with key works on MH17 litigation, climate justice, and Indigenous legal frameworks. Grants include a 2021 stimulus grant to establish the Centre for Law and Social Justice, supporting postdoctoral research and international collaborations. Maguire’s leadership extends to global networks, including the UN Human Rights Council evaluation project and the Human Rights for NSW Alliance. She remains committed to translating research into policy, education, and community impact through clinics, youth forums, and law reform advocacy.

Elaine Faheyمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• EU Law
• Global Governance
• Transatlantic Relations
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Professor Elaine Fahey is a leading scholar in EU law and global governance at the City Law School, City St George's, University of London, where she serves as Professor of EU Law and Deputy Head of Department (academic programmes). She is co-convener of the Institute for the Study of European Law (ISEL) and the UACES James Madison Trust EUFUtures initiative (2022–2025). Her academic career includes visiting professorships at Washington College of Law (American University), Keio University, and NYU, as well as fellowships at the European University Institute and the University of Graz. LLB, Trinity College Dublin LLM, Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge PhD, Trinity College Dublin Barrister-at-Law, Honorable Society of King’s Inns, Ireland Attorney-at-Law, State of New York Senior Fellowship, Higher Education Authority UK Her research focuses on the intersection of EU law with global governance, digital regulation, transatlantic relations, and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. She explores how the EU navigates legal frameworks beyond the nation-state, particularly in digital trade, cybersecurity, and data protection. Her work critically examines the EU’s role as a global regulatory actor and its interactions with international institutions. Her extensive publication record includes the monograph The EU as a Global Digital Actor (Hart, 2022) and numerous articles on digital sovereignty, data transfers, and transatlantic cooperation. Recent research analyzes the EU–US Trade and Technology Council (TTC), the evolution of the Privacy Shield, and strategic litigation in digital rights. Her work reveals a strong trend toward understanding how soft law, institutional design, and judicial decisions shape EU external relations and digital governance. Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Chair in Law & Transatlantic Relations (2019–2022) Emile Noël Fellow, NYU Law School Max Weber Fellow, European University Institute Senior Land Steiermark Fellow, University of Graz Senior Fellowship, Higher Education Authority UK Professor Fahey has supervised multiple PhD students, including Isabella Mancini, Giulio Kowalski, and Christos Karetsos, on topics such as algorithmic collusion, digital markets, and investment law. She has led significant research projects, including the ESRC-funded TRILATTRADE grant and the Marie Curie ITN on EU and Transatlantic Investment and Trade (EUTIP). She previously held leadership roles as Associate Dean (International) and interim Associate Dean (Research) at the City Law School. She is an elected member of the EU Studies Association (EUSA) Executive (2021–2025). She has also contributed to public policy through briefings for the Welsh Parliament and reports on CJEU litigation in Ireland. She is associated with research initiatives such as the Institute for the Study of European Law (ISEL) and has collaborated on interdisciplinary projects on Facebook regulation, transatlantic relations, and EU technological sovereignty. Her work bridges legal scholarship, policy, and international academic collaboration.

Patrizia Rigantiمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Sustainable Cultural Tourism
• Heritage Conservation
• Economic Valuation Methods
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Patrizia Riganti is a Professor in Tourism at the University of Glasgow's School of Interdisciplinary Studies. She holds an MPhil in Urban Design, MSc in Urban Planning, and PhD in Economic Valuation Methods in Heritage Conservation. Affiliations include ICCROM (Fellow) and ICOMOS International Scientific Committees (Economics of Conservation, Energy & Sustainable Development). Her research focuses on heritage-led sustainable development, cultural tourism policies, and non-market valuation techniques. She has secured over €8.5M in research grants from RCUK, EU, and World Bank. Notable projects include the CAVEAT Project on cultural heritage valuation and the Scoping Culture and Heritage Capital Report for UK government. She chairs international conferences on Culture, Economics, and Cities with Prof David Throsby. Her work spans urban regeneration (e.g., Milan’s Navigli, Syracuse’s Ortigia), smart cities integration with heritage conservation, and post-pandemic blue economy recovery. Over 58 peer-reviewed articles and 28 invited speeches highlight her contributions to cultural heritage economics and sustainable development.

• Aerosols, Air Quality and Climate Change
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Solar Farm Designs
• +۱۱ مورد دیگر

Dr. K. Max Zhang is a Professor in the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University. He is the director of the Energy and the Environment Research Laboratory (EERL) and a fellow at the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. His research is deeply interdisciplinary, focusing on sustainable energy systems, air quality, and environmental justice, with significant impacts on policy and community development in New York and beyond. Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Davis, 2004 B.S., Thermal Engineering, Tianjin University, 1998 B.A., English Language, Tianjin University, 1998 Dr. Zhang’s research centers on the integration of energy and environmental systems. He investigates air pollution dynamics using advanced numerical models like CTAG, with applications in near-source pollution, indoor air quality, and environmental justice. His work on renewable energy systems includes designing sustainable solar farms and managing distributed energy resources such as heat pumps to enhance grid flexibility. He also leads a pioneering initiative to create the first statewide public IoT network in the U.S., enabling hyperlocal weather forecasting and microclimate monitoring. His recent publications reflect a strong trend toward agrivoltaics, peer-to-peer energy markets, and IoT-based environmental monitoring. These works demonstrate a consistent focus on data-driven modeling, community-scale energy solutions, and the integration of social considerations into technical systems. The keywords across his articles highlight expertise in sustainability, machine learning, air quality, and energy transition. Cornell Town-Gown Achievement Award (2022) Engaged Scholar Prize, Cornell University (2017) People's Choice Sign of Sustainability Award, Sustainable Tompkins (2016) Scientific and Technological Achievement Award, Environmental Protection Agency (2015) Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Dr. Zhang is actively involved in mentoring students and securing research grants from agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). His projects often involve interdisciplinary collaboration across eight Cornell colleges and 16 academic departments. He has led initiatives such as the Cornell Atkinson Academic Venture Fund projects and the development of a county-level energy roadmap for Tompkins County. He also teaches courses in engineering thermodynamics, future energy systems, and air quality, emphasizing experiential and community-based learning. Dr. Zhang leads the Energy and the Environment Research Laboratory (EERL) and collaborates with the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. His lab functions as a hub for innovation in sustainable communities, combining advanced modeling with real-world applications. Through partnerships with community organizations, government agencies, and industry, his team develops science-driven solutions to urban and rural sustainability challenges.

Malcolm McCullochمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Renewable Energy Integration
• Electric Vehicle Powertrains
• Demand Side Management
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Malcolm McCulloch serves as Professor of Energy Systems and Group Leader of the Energy and Power Group within the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford. He also holds the position of Co-Director for the Oxford Martin Programme on Integrating Renewable Energy and maintains affiliation with Christ Church college. His research spans four primary domains: domestic energy systems, electric vehicle technology, renewable generation, and energy solutions for developing regions. McCulloch's research focuses on practical energy transition challenges. His domestic energy work develops user-centric demand side management technologies and behavior change interventions, leading to the spin-out Intelligent Sustainable Energy (now Navetas Energy Management). In transportation, he pioneered the Morgan LifeCar hydrogen sports car project, resulting in high-efficiency motors and the Oxford Yasa Motors spin-out. His renewable generation research includes lightweight tidal turbines through Kepler Energy, while his Energy for Development work creates nano/micro grid solutions for distributed electrification. Analysis of his recent publications reveals a strong emphasis on integrating variable renewables through innovative market mechanisms, grid flexibility solutions, and electric vehicle integration. His work consistently addresses the technical and economic barriers to decarbonization, with increasing focus on peer-to-peer energy trading, thermal storage, and climate-resilient cooling solutions since 2020. McCulloch previously served as Co-Director of the Institute for Carbon and Energy Reduction in Transport (2008-2013) under the Oxford Martin School. His leadership extends to creating the Integrated Transport Network for Oxford and developing practical applications through multiple successful spin-out companies that bridge academic research and commercial implementation.