جستجوی استاد راهنمای دانشگاهی

Bahar Asgariمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Computer Architecture
• Domain-Specific Architecture Design
• Near Memory Processing
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Bahar Asgari is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Maryland, College Park. She holds appointments in CS, UMIACS, and ECE, and directs the Computer Architecture and Systems Lab (CASL). Her research focuses on domain-specific architecture design, near memory processing, and reconfigurable computing. Before joining UMD, she worked at Google, contributing to system optimization and memory utilization strategies. Education: Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2021. Research Interests: Developing energy-efficient architectures for sparse problems, scientific computing acceleration, FPGA optimizations, and reconfigurable hardware systems. Her work addresses challenges in memory efficiency, parallelization, and hardware-software co-design across domains like machine learning and IoT. Key Awards: 2024 UMD Excellence in Teaching Award 2023 DOE Early Career Award Advising & Grants: Supervises 9 graduate students and leads projects sponsored by NSF, DOE, and industry partnerships. Her lab explores systolic arrays, near-data processing, and fault-tolerant computing. Labs/Teams: Directs CASL, which builds next-generation computing systems through hardware innovation and algorithm-architecture co-design.

Ram Rajagopalمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Smart Grids
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Power Systems Optimization
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Ram Rajagopal is an Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, and a Senior Fellow at the Precourt Institute for Energy. He leads the Stanford Sustainable Systems Lab (S3L), focusing on large-scale monitoring, data analytics, and stochastic control for infrastructure networks, particularly power systems. His research emphasizes renewable energy integration, smart distribution systems, and demand-side data analytics. Education: PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences & MA in Statistics (UC Berkeley), MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering (UT Austin), and BEng in Electrical Engineering (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). Research interests include power grid optimization, renewable energy systems, and data-driven approaches to infrastructure challenges. He has pioneered work in grid flexibility, distributed energy resources, and machine learning applications for energy systems. His lab develops technologies like Smart Dim Fuses and the EV-EcoSim platform for EV charging infrastructure optimization. Received NSF CAREER Award, Powell Foundation Fellowship, and Berkeley Regents Fellowship Over 30 patents and best paper awards Advises/founded companies in sensor networks, power systems, and data analytics Labs/Teams: Stanford Sustainable Systems Lab (S3L), Powernet Project. His work spans grid resilience, energy equity, and scalable energy solutions.

Malcolm McCullochمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Renewable Energy Integration
• Electric Vehicle Powertrains
• Demand Side Management
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Malcolm McCulloch serves as Professor of Energy Systems and Group Leader of the Energy and Power Group within the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford. He also holds the position of Co-Director for the Oxford Martin Programme on Integrating Renewable Energy and maintains affiliation with Christ Church college. His research spans four primary domains: domestic energy systems, electric vehicle technology, renewable generation, and energy solutions for developing regions. McCulloch's research focuses on practical energy transition challenges. His domestic energy work develops user-centric demand side management technologies and behavior change interventions, leading to the spin-out Intelligent Sustainable Energy (now Navetas Energy Management). In transportation, he pioneered the Morgan LifeCar hydrogen sports car project, resulting in high-efficiency motors and the Oxford Yasa Motors spin-out. His renewable generation research includes lightweight tidal turbines through Kepler Energy, while his Energy for Development work creates nano/micro grid solutions for distributed electrification. Analysis of his recent publications reveals a strong emphasis on integrating variable renewables through innovative market mechanisms, grid flexibility solutions, and electric vehicle integration. His work consistently addresses the technical and economic barriers to decarbonization, with increasing focus on peer-to-peer energy trading, thermal storage, and climate-resilient cooling solutions since 2020. McCulloch previously served as Co-Director of the Institute for Carbon and Energy Reduction in Transport (2008-2013) under the Oxford Martin School. His leadership extends to creating the Integrated Transport Network for Oxford and developing practical applications through multiple successful spin-out companies that bridge academic research and commercial implementation.

• Aerosols, Air Quality and Climate Change
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Solar Farm Designs
• +۱۱ مورد دیگر

Dr. K. Max Zhang is a Professor in the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University. He is the director of the Energy and the Environment Research Laboratory (EERL) and a fellow at the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. His research is deeply interdisciplinary, focusing on sustainable energy systems, air quality, and environmental justice, with significant impacts on policy and community development in New York and beyond. Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Davis, 2004 B.S., Thermal Engineering, Tianjin University, 1998 B.A., English Language, Tianjin University, 1998 Dr. Zhang’s research centers on the integration of energy and environmental systems. He investigates air pollution dynamics using advanced numerical models like CTAG, with applications in near-source pollution, indoor air quality, and environmental justice. His work on renewable energy systems includes designing sustainable solar farms and managing distributed energy resources such as heat pumps to enhance grid flexibility. He also leads a pioneering initiative to create the first statewide public IoT network in the U.S., enabling hyperlocal weather forecasting and microclimate monitoring. His recent publications reflect a strong trend toward agrivoltaics, peer-to-peer energy markets, and IoT-based environmental monitoring. These works demonstrate a consistent focus on data-driven modeling, community-scale energy solutions, and the integration of social considerations into technical systems. The keywords across his articles highlight expertise in sustainability, machine learning, air quality, and energy transition. Cornell Town-Gown Achievement Award (2022) Engaged Scholar Prize, Cornell University (2017) People's Choice Sign of Sustainability Award, Sustainable Tompkins (2016) Scientific and Technological Achievement Award, Environmental Protection Agency (2015) Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Dr. Zhang is actively involved in mentoring students and securing research grants from agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). His projects often involve interdisciplinary collaboration across eight Cornell colleges and 16 academic departments. He has led initiatives such as the Cornell Atkinson Academic Venture Fund projects and the development of a county-level energy roadmap for Tompkins County. He also teaches courses in engineering thermodynamics, future energy systems, and air quality, emphasizing experiential and community-based learning. Dr. Zhang leads the Energy and the Environment Research Laboratory (EERL) and collaborates with the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. His lab functions as a hub for innovation in sustainable communities, combining advanced modeling with real-world applications. Through partnerships with community organizations, government agencies, and industry, his team develops science-driven solutions to urban and rural sustainability challenges.

Jennifer Wilcoxمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Carbon Management
• Carbon Capture and Storage
• Direct Air Capture
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Jennifer Wilcox is the Presidential Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering and Energy Policy at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science. She holds the James H. Manning Chair and directs the Clean Energy Conversions Lab, which focuses on carbon management strategies to mitigate climate change. Wilcox also served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management at the U.S. Department of Energy from January 2021. Her research spans carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), direct air capture (DAC), mineral carbonization, life cycle assessment, and techno-economic analysis of carbon management technologies. Wilcox's work examines both mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize negative climate impacts associated with society's dependence on fossil fuels. She takes a multi-perspective approach that includes experimental work, materials characterization, geo-spatial analyses, systems modeling, and techno-economic analysis while considering environmental and social contexts. Wilcox's research has been featured in major publications including the first textbook on Carbon Capture and Storage, the California Getting to Neutral report, the CDR primer, Greenhouse Gas Removal Technologies, the State of CDR Volume 2, and the Roads to Removal report. Her work has received recognition including the DOE Secretary's Achievement Award for contributions to the Getting to Neutral report. Secretary's Achievement Award for work on the Getting to Neutral Report Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (2021) Author of the first textbook on Carbon Capture and Storage Lead contributor to the California Getting to Neutral report Co-author of the CDR primer with nearly 40 subject matter experts Wilcox mentors several PhD candidates and research associates including Maxwell Pisciotta, Shelvey Swett, Hélène Pilorgé, Shrey Patel, Aline Uwase, Katherine Vaz Gomes, and Abby Lunstrum. Her lab examines various carbon management strategies from technology development to deployment optimization, with a focus on maximizing climate change mitigation while minimizing adverse social and environmental impacts. The Clean Energy Conversions Lab tracks public funding for carbon management projects across the United States and analyzes lessons from recent legislation like the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act to identify opportunities for carbon management.

Michael Baldeaمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Process Systems Engineering
• Energy Systems
• Nonlinear Optimization
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Michael Baldea is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin . He holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Minnesota (2006), with prior degrees from 'Babeş-Bolyai' University in Romania (M.Sc. 2001, Diploma 2000). His research group develops theoretical and computational methods for Process and Energy Systems Engineering , focusing on integrated decision-making, performance optimization, and process intensification with industrial validation. Education: Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota (2006) M.Sc., Interface Process Engineering, 'Babeş-Bolyai' University (2001) Diploma, Chemical Engineering, 'Babeş-Bolyai' University (2000) Research Thrusts: Integrated decision-making in chemical/energy supply chains Process performance monitoring and optimization Process integration and intensification Key applications include grid-responsive chemical plants, intensified distillation/column designs, and renewable energy integration for building systems. Scientific Awards: Frank A. Liddell, Jr. Fellowship NSF CAREER Award (2015-2020) Moncrief Grand Challenges Faculty Award (2014) AIChE Outstanding Young Researcher Award (2017) Implementation : His group has translated research into commercial tools through partnerships with industrial test beds and is working to integrate methods into commercial simulators. They explore predictive approaches for building energy management and strategic capital investment analysis in next-generation energy systems.

Steven Rogakمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Aerosol Science
• Nanoparticle Transport
• Combustion Processes
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Steven Rogak is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Applied Science. He holds a P.Eng. license and degrees including a B.A.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from UBC, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. from Caltech. P.Eng., University of British Columbia B.A.Sc., University of British Columbia M.Sc., Ph.D., California Institute of Technology His research focuses on aerosol science, particularly solid nanoparticles from combustion processes, their climate and health impacts, and mitigation strategies. Key areas include: Soot morphology and transport properties Engine emission reduction via fuel injectors Indoor air filtration systems Membrane-based energy exchangers Atmospheric particulate analysis The 15 most recent articles span experimental and theoretical studies on soot characterization, membrane technologies, and aerosol dynamics, with applications in climate modeling, healthcare ventilation, and sustainable materials. Collaborations include Westport Innovations and interdisciplinary teams. Rogak leads the Aerosol Laboratory at UBC, where he applies fluid mechanics and heat transfer fundamentals to address environmental and health challenges. He emphasizes experimental rigor and welcomes graduate students with expertise in these areas.

Daniel Adelmanمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Business Analytics
• Management Analytics
• Operations Research
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Daniel Adelman is the Charles I. Clough, Jr. Professor of Operations Management at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He joined the faculty in 1997 after completing his PhD in industrial engineering and operations research at Georgia Tech. Adelman is a leading expert in Business Analytics and Management Analytics, helping companies deploy data and decision analysis to build world-class strategic and tactical management capabilities. Adelman received his PhD in industrial engineering and operations research in 1997, along with a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering and a master's degree in operations research, all from the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Daniel Adelman's research focuses on applying analytical models to solve complex business problems across multiple industries. He has worked with firms from diverse sectors including internet services, chemical distribution, airlines, third party logistics, fiber-optics manufacturing, semiconductor manufacturing, oil, and healthcare. His research integrates real-world data with analytical models to bring structure and discipline to decision and control processes, enabling firms to achieve higher profits with lower risk. Adelman's recent work has concentrated heavily on healthcare analytics, where he leads the Healthcare Analytics Laboratory at Chicago Booth. This lab works with teams of doctoral and MBA students on projects with major healthcare institutions to optimize clinical, operational, and financial outcomes. His research spans foundational operations research including approximate dynamic programming, inventory theory/supply chain management, and revenue management/pricing optimization, as well as examining the linkage between operational performance metrics and financial performance of firms. Adelman's publications show a clear trend toward increasing focus on healthcare applications while maintaining strong theoretical foundations in operations research. His earlier work focused more on general operations management problems like inventory control and supply chain optimization, while his recent publications demonstrate a strategic shift toward healthcare analytics, particularly examining surgical team dynamics, hospital performance metrics, and resource allocation during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. George B. Dantzig Prize (1998) for the best dissertation in operations research and management sciences that is innovative and relevant to practice Adelman regularly advises doctoral and MBA students through the Healthcare Analytics Laboratory at Chicago Booth. He has served as Associate Editor for Management Science, currently serves as Associate Editor for Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, and is the Area Editor for Operations and Supply Chain at Operations Research. His industry collaborations include significant projects with Akamai on internet pricing, with GE Global Research Labs on the electricity smart grid, with BP on gasoline supply contract portfolio optimization, and with Symantec on software release planning. Adelman leads the Healthcare Analytics Laboratory at Chicago Booth, which brings together interdisciplinary teams of doctoral and MBA students to work on a portfolio of projects with major healthcare institutions. The lab focuses on optimizing clinical, operational, and financial outcomes through advanced analytics and decision modeling.

Michael Waraمشاهده پروفایل

پژوهشگر

• Climate Change Law & Policy
• Energy Law & Policy
• Carbon Pricing
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Michael Wara is a Senior Research Scholar at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and Director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program. He holds a JD from Stanford Law School, a PhD in Ocean Sciences from UC Santa Cruz, and a BA from Columbia University. His work bridges legal, scientific, and policy domains to address climate and energy challenges through bipartisan technical assistance and research collaboration with economists, engineers, and scientists. His research focuses on carbon pricing mechanisms, energy innovation, and regulatory solutions for climate policy. He advises policymakers on designing effective laws and regulations, with particular expertise in international environmental treaties like the ozone and climate regimes. Wara also teaches courses on energy law, wildfire policy, and carbon taxation at Stanford Law School. Key contributions include analyzing the economic impacts of EPA regulations, evaluating California’s carbon market mechanisms, and advancing strategies to decarbonize building electrification. His interdisciplinary approach emphasizes practical solutions to global environmental challenges, leveraging Stanford’s expertise in energy systems and policy. Wara’s policy practicum courses engage students in real-world projects such as evaluating carbon pollution standards and wildfire management policies. His work frequently appears in peer-reviewed journals and media outlets like The Atlantic and New York Times , addressing topics like the Supreme Court’s EPA rulings and wildfire insurance issues.

Binbin Xieمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Wireless Sensing
• Mobile Health
• Cyber-physical Systems
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Dr. Binbin Xie is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). She holds a Ph.D. from the Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she was a recipient of the prestigious Google PhD Fellowship in Mobile Computing. Her research focuses on wireless sensing, mobile health, cyber-physical systems, smart IoT, and wireless networking. Dr. Xie’s academic journey includes a tenure-track position at UTA since September 2024. She has received notable awards such as the Emerging Rockstar (IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2025), Rising STARs Award (UT System, 2024), and multiple scholarships including the Krithi Ramamritham Computer Science Scholarship (2023). Her work spans innovative applications in wireless sensing, leveraging LoRa, mmWave radar, and RFID technologies for real-world challenges like in-vehicle sensing and indoor localization. Her recent publications highlight advancements in LoRa sensing coexistence with communication, mmWave radar human sensing using secondary reflections, and combating interference in multi-target localization. She actively contributes to the academic community through service roles, including Technical Program Committee memberships for MobiSys 2025 and EWSN 2025, and as a reviewer for top-tier conferences like IMWUT/UbiComp and journals such as ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks. Dr. Xie’s teaching includes courses like CSE 4321 (Software Testing & Maintenance). Her research and educational efforts aim to bridge theoretical innovations with practical implementations in wireless and IoT systems.

Sophie Kochمشاهده پروفایل

مدرس

• Bio-based composites
• Circular wood use
• Wood recycling
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Dr. Sophie Koch is a Lecturer at ETH Zürich's Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering. Her research focuses on bio-based composites, circular wood use, and enhancing wood properties. She leads the research streams 'Enhanced wood properties' and 'Resource-efficient wood utilization.' Education: PhD Candidate (2020-2023): ETH Zurich, Wood Materials Science Group MSc in Biobased Materials (2018-2020): Maastricht University BSc in Wood Technology (2013-2017): UAS Rottenburg Key Research Themes: Her work emphasizes sustainable material innovation through bio-based composites, wood recycling, and functionalization of wood for advanced applications like soft actuators and energy-harvesting systems. Recent publications highlight advancements in transparent wood films, triboelectric nanogenerators, and durable delignified composites. Professional Experience: Postdoctoral Researcher & Lecturer (2024-2024) Master’s Thesis at Swiss Wood Solutions AG (2019-2020) Research Assistant at UAS Rottenburg (2017-2018) Journalist at Holz-Zentralblatt (2014-2017) Labs & Teams: Active in the Professur Holzbasierte Materialien research group at ETH Zürich's HIF E 20.1 laboratory.

Meng Liمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Human-Centered AI
• Managerial Behavior
• Human-Algorithm Interaction
• +۵ مورد دیگر

Meng Li is a Professor and the Endowed C. T. Bauer Chair of AI at the C. T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston. He also serves as the founding Director of the Bauer Human-Centered AI Institute and the SCM PhD coordinator, highlighting his leadership in AI and operations research. His research centers on human-centered AI , managerial behavior , and human-algorithm interaction , with applications in supply chain management, operations, and strategic decision-making. His work explores cognitive biases, behavioral operations, and the integration of AI in business contexts. The 15 most recent publications demonstrate a consistent focus on behavioral aspects of operations management, particularly overconfidence, regret, and trust in AI systems. The research spans journals such as Management Science , Production and Operations Management , and Strategic Management Journal , indicating interdisciplinary impact across operations, strategy, and information systems. Scientific Awards and Honors: The President’s Circle Awards, University of Houston, 2025 Energy Transition Institute Award ($62.5K), 2024 John Aure Buesseler Distinguished Lectureship, Texas Tech, 2024 Shell Sustainability Research Grant ($100K), 2022 Management Science Distinguished Service Award, 2022 Rutgers Research Council Award, 2020 Finalist for INFORMS Best Service Science Paper Award, 2019 Meng Li advises PhD students as SCM PhD coordinator and leads major research initiatives through the Bauer Human-Centered AI Institute . His work is supported by grants from Shell, HPE, and NIST. He serves as Department Editor for Journal of Operations Management and Decision Sciences Journal , and Senior Editor for Production and Operations Management , and has guest-edited AI-focused special issues in top journals. He is actively building interdisciplinary teams at the intersection of AI, operations, and behavioral science, fostering collaborations across business, engineering, and health domains.

Di Shiمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Power System Data Analytics
• Energy Storage Systems
• Artificial Intelligence
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Di Shi is an Associate Professor at the Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering , New Mexico State University (NMSU), holding the Paul W. and Valerie Klipsch Distinguished Professorship. He previously founded the AI energy startup AInergy, LLC and held leadership roles at GEIRI North America, NEC Laboratories America, and Arizona State University. Education: PhD in Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University (2012) MS in Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University (2009) BS in Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University (2007) His research focuses on power system data analytics , energy storage , artificial intelligence , and IoT applications for grid stability and renewable integration. His work bridges theoretical innovation with real-world deployment, including software adopted by 15 utility companies. Recent publications highlight his leadership in deep reinforcement learning for grid control, blockchain frameworks for energy management, and tensor decomposition for efficient load modeling. He has secured a $6M NSF grant for AI-driven digital twinning to address climate-aware energy resilience. Awards & Recognition: 2025 Paul W. and Valerie Klipsch Distinguished Professorship 2024 University Research Council Mid-Career Award 2024 IET Fellow Multiple IEEE Best Paper Awards (2019–2022) 2019 L2RPN AI Competition Championship He serves as an editor for IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution , and other journals, and leads the IEEE Task Force on IoT for Power Systems . His team’s patents cover AI-driven load modeling , energy storage scheduling , and state estimation , with 42 granted or pending.

• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Industrial Ecology
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Prof. Dr. Stefanie Hellweg serves as a Full Professor for Ecological Systems Design at the ETH Zürich , Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering. She is Deputy Head of the Institute of Environmental Engineering and leads groundbreaking research at the intersection of industrial ecology, life cycle assessment, and circular economy systems. PhD in Environmental Engineering (ETH Zürich, 2000) Industrial Engineering Degree (Karlsruhe University, 1996) Her research develops advanced methodologies for environmental impact assessment of products and technologies, focusing on: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with correlated uncertainty modeling Circular economy implementation in chemical and energy sectors Industrial symbiosis optimization for heat and nutrient flows Urban wastewater systems redesign for resource recovery Chemical pollution analysis in plastic materials Key publication trends reveal expertise in: Hybrid wastewater treatment systems Energy-efficient greenhouse cultivation Exergy analysis for sustainability metrics Machine learning applications in environmental modeling Policy-relevant industrial ecology studies She actively participates in global sustainability initiatives as: President of the International Society of Industrial Ecology (ISIE) Member of UN Environment's International Resource Panel Editorial board member for leading environmental journals

Tim Ibellمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Structural Engineering
• FRP Reinforcement of Concrete
• Sustainable Construction Materials
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Tim Ibell is a Professor in the Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering at the University of Bath, affiliated with the Centre for Climate Adaptation & Environment Research (CAER). He has held leadership roles including Head of Department, Associate Dean (Graduate Studies), and Associate Dean (Research). His career includes a Fulbright Distinguished Scholar Award (2002) and a stint as Sir Kirby Laing Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Cambridge. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and has received six best journal-paper awards. Education: Postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge following industry experience. Joined Bath in 1997. Research focuses on sustainable construction materials, FRP reinforcement, and embodied carbon reduction in concrete structures. His work aligns with UN SDGs on climate action and sustainable cities. Key innovations include fabric-formed concrete structures and low-carbon pile foundations. Recent projects include EPSRC-funded studies on pile optimization, creative design teaching, and resource efficiency in industrial strategy. Collaborations span UK and international institutions. Awards include the Institution of Structural Engineers' recognition and Royal Academy of Engineering Fellowship. Advising and grants: Supervises PhD students in sustainable construction. Leads multi-million-pound research projects addressing embodied carbon and material efficiency. Labs/Teams: Directs CAER and collaborates with interdisciplinary teams on projects like ACORN (Automating Concrete Construction) and MEICON (Minimising Energy in Construction).