Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States
Fadel Adib is an Associate Professor with Tenure at MIT, holding a joint appointment in the MIT Media Lab and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS). He leads the Signal Kinetics research group at the Media Lab and is the founder and CEO of Cartesian Systems. His work focuses on novel wireless technologies for sensing and connectivity in challenging environments, including underwater communication, health monitoring, and robotics. Education: B.Sc. from American University of Beirut (2011), M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from MIT (2013 and 2016), where he won best thesis awards. His research has led to startups such as Cartesian Systems and Emerald Innovations, addressing applications in climate monitoring, healthcare, and logistics. Research Interests: Underwater backscatter networking, batteryless systems, non-line-of-sight perception, RFID localization, and wireless health monitoring. His innovations include the first battery-free underwater camera and systems for contactless vital signs monitoring. Awards: Sloan Research Fellowship (2021), NSF CAREER Award (2019), ACM SIGMOBILE Rockstar Award (2022), and Technology Review 35 Under 35 (2014). Grants: ONR Young Investigator Award, Google Faculty Research Award. Teams: Signal Kinetics research group at MIT Media Lab. Labs and Projects: Focus on cross-disciplinary initiatives such as wireless mapping (Cartesian Systems), underwater-to-air communication, and implantable medical devices.
Karen I. Winey serves as the Harold Pender Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science. Her research group employs experimental and computational tools to investigate advanced polymers for energy applications, particularly focusing on proton and ion conductivity for fuel cells and batteries within the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter (LRSM). Dr. Winey's research encompasses: Designing functional polymers to improve proton, hydroxide, and ion conductivity Studying polymer nanocomposites and nanoparticle dynamics in electrochemical devices Developing polymer-to-polymer upcycling methods to convert waste polyolefins to higher value polymers Revolutionizing understanding of ionomer morphologies beyond traditional spherical aggregate models Her recent publications reveal significant advances in sustainable energy materials, particularly fluorine-free alternatives to conventional polymer electrolytes. The research spans fundamental studies of ion transport mechanisms in precisely engineered polymers to practical applications in energy devices. A critical focus is understanding how nanoscale morphology affects macroscopic properties, with particular attention to structure-property relationships in ion-conducting polymers for fuel cells and batteries. Scientific recognition includes: 2025 Turner J. Alfrey Visiting Professor Harold Pender Professorship (endowed chair) NSF DMR Polymers grant awarded July 2025 Dr. Winey actively mentors a diverse research group including PhD students, postdoctoral researchers, and undergraduates. Her lab recently welcomed six summer undergraduates and has celebrated numerous student achievements including qualifying exam successes and award-winning presentations. Current major projects include the Port5 collaboration and the PolyUp project focused on polymer upcycling through dehydrogenation and functionalization strategies. The Winey Group operates within Penn's state-of-the-art Vagelos Laboratory for Energy Science and Technology (VLEST), maintaining active collaborations with institutions including the University of Konstanz in Germany, Florida State University, and Michigan State University. The group regularly hosts international visitors and participates in major conferences including the APS Global Physics Summit.
Professor Jacob "Jack" Brouwer serves as a Professor and Chancellor's Fellow at the University of California, Irvine's Samueli School of Engineering. He holds primary appointment in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering with joint appointments in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering. As Director of the Clean Energy Institute and former Associate Director of the National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC), he leads critical research initiatives in sustainable energy technologies. Dr. Brouwer earned his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from MIT in 1993, following B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from UCI. His research focuses on high-temperature electrochemical dynamics, hydrogen energy systems, and integrated energy conversion technologies. He has pioneered work in fuel cell systems analysis, novel solid oxide fuel cell materials, and life cycle assessments of clean energy technologies. His research integrates mass, energy, and momentum conservation principles with chemical and electrochemical reaction engineering. In August 2011, Professor Brouwer led the development of an innovative fuel cell generator system in collaboration with the Orange County Sanitation District, FuelCell Energy, Inc., and Air Products. This groundbreaking technology converts wastewater digester gases into hydrogen for zero-emission vehicle fuel, electricity, and heat production, representing a significant advancement in clean energy infrastructure. International Who's Who of Professionals, Honored Member (2006) National Academy of Engineering, Invited Lecturer (2004) UC Irvine Chancellor's Fellow (2022) U.C. Regents Fellowship Recipient (1987-1988) Summa Cum Laude, UCI (1987) As Director of the Clean Energy Institute, Professor Brouwer oversees extensive research operations including external relations, project management, and supervision of technical and administrative staff. His leadership extends to curriculum development and instruction in fuel cell science and technology. He works collaboratively with Professor Scott Samuelsen and colleagues across engineering disciplines, demonstrating exceptional expertise in fuel cells and advanced alternative energy conversion devices. His laboratory facilities include the 221 Engineering Lab Facility where experimental and simulation capabilities for advanced power technologies are developed.
Jennifer Wilcox is the Presidential Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering and Energy Policy at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science. She holds the James H. Manning Chair and directs the Clean Energy Conversions Lab, which focuses on carbon management strategies to mitigate climate change. Wilcox also served as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management at the U.S. Department of Energy from January 2021. Her research spans carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), direct air capture (DAC), mineral carbonization, life cycle assessment, and techno-economic analysis of carbon management technologies. Wilcox's work examines both mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize negative climate impacts associated with society's dependence on fossil fuels. She takes a multi-perspective approach that includes experimental work, materials characterization, geo-spatial analyses, systems modeling, and techno-economic analysis while considering environmental and social contexts. Wilcox's research has been featured in major publications including the first textbook on Carbon Capture and Storage, the California Getting to Neutral report, the CDR primer, Greenhouse Gas Removal Technologies, the State of CDR Volume 2, and the Roads to Removal report. Her work has received recognition including the DOE Secretary's Achievement Award for contributions to the Getting to Neutral report. Secretary's Achievement Award for work on the Getting to Neutral Report Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (2021) Author of the first textbook on Carbon Capture and Storage Lead contributor to the California Getting to Neutral report Co-author of the CDR primer with nearly 40 subject matter experts Wilcox mentors several PhD candidates and research associates including Maxwell Pisciotta, Shelvey Swett, Hélène Pilorgé, Shrey Patel, Aline Uwase, Katherine Vaz Gomes, and Abby Lunstrum. Her lab examines various carbon management strategies from technology development to deployment optimization, with a focus on maximizing climate change mitigation while minimizing adverse social and environmental impacts. The Clean Energy Conversions Lab tracks public funding for carbon management projects across the United States and analyzes lessons from recent legislation like the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and Inflation Reduction Act to identify opportunities for carbon management.
Michael McAlpine is a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of Minnesota . He also holds affiliations with the Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering departments. His research focuses on 3D printing functional materials & devices , Nanoscale inks , Biomedical devices , Bioelectronics , and Flexible Microsystems . Research Interests : 3D Printing, Biomedical Engineering, Nanotechnology, Flexible Electronics, Microfluidics Labs : ME 361/363 Contact : mcalpine@umn.edu , (612) 626-3303, ME 117 Recent Research Trends include 3D Printed Biomedical Devices , Flexible Electronics , and Bioprinting Applications . His work spans from Spinal Organoid Formation to Programmable Drug Release Capsules . Scientific Award : Circulation Research 2020 Best Manuscript Award
Dr. Akhilesh Jaiswal serves as Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where his research pioneers device-circuit co-design for next-generation computing systems. His work focuses on enabling extreme-edge intelligence through processing-in-pixel technology, in-memory computing architectures, and bio-inspired neuromorphic systems. His academic credentials include: PhD in Nano-electronics from Purdue University (2019) MS from the University of Minnesota (2014) Bachelor of Technology from Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology (2011) Dr. Jaiswal's research program centers on revolutionizing edge computing through hardware innovations that integrate sensing and processing. His device-circuit co-design approach leverages alternate state variables to create energy-efficient systems for real-time applications, with particular emphasis on retina-inspired sensors and photonic memory architectures. This work bridges semiconductor physics with AI acceleration needs, targeting applications from autonomous systems to biomedical devices. Analysis of his 2023-2025 publications reveals dominant themes in photonic SRAM-based in-memory computing (40% of output), retina-inspired motion processing (30%), and secure hardware architectures (20%). His team consistently develops novel bitcell designs that enable XOR logic execution within memory arrays while maintaining compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Recent work shows increasing focus on biomedical applications of processing-in-pixel technology. His distinguished recognition includes: Three consecutive ISI Exploratory Research Awards (2020-2023) IEEE Brain Community Best Paper Award (2022) 27 issued US patents with multiple pending applications Nomination for USC Moore Inventor Fellowship (2022) Dr. Jaiswal actively mentors graduate researchers through ECE 790/890/990 courses while securing exploratory funding through ISI and Keston Foundation awards. His patent portfolio demonstrates exceptional translational impact, with industry game-changer classifications from USPTO. The 2022 VLSI-SoC nomination and multiple research highlights in major outlets validate his contributions to hardware security and neuromorphic vision sensors. His laboratory develops integrated hardware platforms combining magnetic tunnel junctions, photonic memory, and CMOS image sensors to create unified processing-in-sensor systems. Current projects include retina-inspired motion segmentation for event cameras and electro-optic frequency transducers for quantum computing interfaces, with strong industry collaboration through patent licensing.
André DeHon is the Oliver C. Boileau Jr. and Nan Eleze Boileau Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, with affiliations in the Electrical and Systems Engineering (ESE) and Computer and Information Science (CIS) departments. He founded the Penn Computer Engineering (CMPE) program and directs the DARPA-sponsored CyberSavvy Security Center. His research spans reconfigurable computing, FPGA architecture, interconnect design, hardware security, and energy efficiency, with a focus on adapting to fabrication imperfections and runtime variability. His work explores programmable substrates (e.g., CMOS VLSI, molecular electronics) and algorithmic mappings to create resilient, efficient systems. Current projects include runtime feedback mechanisms (REFINE), partial reconfiguration (ExHiPR), and security frameworks like SCALPEL and μSCOPE. Recent publications highlight advancements in FPGA compilation (PLD, HiPR), security (SCALPEL, μSCOPE), and interconnect optimization (Asymmetry in NoC). These studies intersect computer architecture, security, and embedded systems. Scientific awards and recognitions: 2023 IEEE Fellow 2020 IEEE Mary Kenneth Keller Teaching Award 2018 ACM Fellow TCFPGA Hall of Fame (2019) Best Paper at ICFPT 2015 Academic leadership: He chairs the ACM/SIGDA Technical Committee on FPGAs and Reconfigurable Computing, previously held faculty roles at Caltech (1999–2006), and was a postdoc at UC Berkeley (1996–1999). Education includes MIT SB (1990), SM (1993), and PhD (1996) in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States
Naresh R. Shanbhag is the Jack Kilby Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Coordinated Science Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He serves as Director of the Systems on Nanoscale Information fabriCs (SONIC) Center and held the D.J. Gandhi Distinguished Visiting Professorship at IIT Mumbai from 2015-2020. Previously, he was a visiting faculty member at National Taiwan University (2007) and Stanford University (2014). Dr. Shanbhag received his doctorate from the University of Minnesota (1993) in Electrical Engineering. From 1993 to 1995, he worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories as the lead chip architect for AT&T's 51.84 Mb/s transceiver chips over twisted-pair wiring for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)-LAN and very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) chip-sets. His research focuses on the design of energy-efficient machine learning, communications, and signal processing systems on resource-constrained embedded platforms. He explores fundamental trade-offs between energy efficiency, latency and accuracy of decision-making systems implemented in nanoscale technologies, with applications to computer vision, biomedicine, automatic target recognition, and imaging. His work spans four primary focus areas: Resource-efficient Machine Learning for the Edge, In-memory Computing (IMC), Energy-efficient High Data Rate Communications, and Shannon-inspired Statistical Error Compensation (SEC). Analysis of his recent publications reveals a strong emphasis on in-memory computing architectures (SRAM, MRAM, RRAM) for machine learning acceleration. His work consistently addresses energy-accuracy trade-offs, with increasing attention to security aspects of hardware implementations and applications to MIMO signal processing and edge AI systems. His research demonstrates a progression from theoretical foundations to practical silicon implementations. 2024 Semiconductor Research Corporation Innovation Award 2018 Semiconductor Industry Association/Semiconductor Research Corporation University Researcher Award 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems Best Paper Award 2006 IEEE Fellow 1996 National Science Foundation CAREER Award Professor Shanbhag has mentored over 50 graduate students who now work at leading technology companies including Qualcomm, Amazon, Nvidia, Intel, and Apple. His research has been generously supported by the National Science Foundation, DARPA, AFRL, Semiconductor Research Corporation, Texas Instruments, Sandia National Laboratories, and industry partners including IBM, GlobalFoundries, and Intel Corporation. He led the Alternative Computational Models research theme (2006-2012) and was the founding Director of the SONIC Center (2013-2017), a 5-year multi-university center funded by DARPA and SRC. Currently, he leads research themes in the SRC and DARPA funded JUMP 2.0 Program's Center for Co-Design of Cognitive Systems and the Center for Ubiquitous Connectivity, and in the NSF IUCRC Center for Advanced Semiconductor Chips with Accelerated Performance (ASAP). As Director of the Systems on Nanoscale Information fabriCs (SONIC) Center, Professor Shanbhag leads a multidisciplinary team exploring novel computing paradigms for the nanoscale era. His group has benchmarked an extensive collection of in-memory computing and digital accelerator IC designs, maintaining a publicly available IMC benchmarking repository of metrics extracted from published IC prototypes. His research philosophy integrates concepts from information theory, statistical signal processing, detection and estimation, VLSI architectures, and digital and analog integrated circuits to develop energy-efficient systems from algorithms to silicon implementations.
Greg Keoleian is the Peter M. Wege Endowed Professor of Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan. He co-founded and directs the Center for Sustainable Systems and co-leads the MI Hydrogen initiative. His research focuses on advancing life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies to evaluate the sustainability of technologies, products, and systems. Key areas include renewable energy systems (e.g., wind, solar, bioenergy), transportation decarbonization, circular economy frameworks, and food/agricultural systems. He teaches interdisciplinary graduate courses on Sustainable Energy Systems and Industrial Ecology, and co-directs the Engineering Sustainable Systems Dual Degree Program and the Rackham Graduate Certificate Program in Industry Ecology. Research interests emphasize integrating environmental, economic, and social metrics into sustainability assessments. Notable contributions include pioneering LCA models for hydrogen energy systems, vehicle lifecycle optimization, and circular economy pathways for automotive materials. His work spans global and regional scales, addressing challenges such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, optimizing resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable urban infrastructure. Keoleian’s recent work highlights synergies between emerging technologies (e.g., wireless charging, autonomous vehicles) and sustainability goals. He collaborates with policymakers and industry leaders to translate research into actionable strategies for deep decarbonization and circular economy adoption. Initiatives like the State of Michigan Hydrogen Roadmap exemplify his focus on bridging academic research with practical implementation. His interdisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive analysis of energy systems, industrial processes, and consumer behaviors. Keoleian’s teaching and mentorship emphasize systems thinking and cross-sector collaboration. He has shaped curricula that prepare students for leadership roles in sustainable systems design, policy development, and corporate sustainability management. Ongoing projects include optimizing reusable packaging systems, evaluating food waste impacts, and modeling urban energy justice in electric vehicle deployment.
Michael Wara is a Senior Research Scholar at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment and Director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program. He holds a JD from Stanford Law School, a PhD in Ocean Sciences from UC Santa Cruz, and a BA from Columbia University. His work bridges legal, scientific, and policy domains to address climate and energy challenges through bipartisan technical assistance and research collaboration with economists, engineers, and scientists. His research focuses on carbon pricing mechanisms, energy innovation, and regulatory solutions for climate policy. He advises policymakers on designing effective laws and regulations, with particular expertise in international environmental treaties like the ozone and climate regimes. Wara also teaches courses on energy law, wildfire policy, and carbon taxation at Stanford Law School. Key contributions include analyzing the economic impacts of EPA regulations, evaluating California’s carbon market mechanisms, and advancing strategies to decarbonize building electrification. His interdisciplinary approach emphasizes practical solutions to global environmental challenges, leveraging Stanford’s expertise in energy systems and policy. Wara’s policy practicum courses engage students in real-world projects such as evaluating carbon pollution standards and wildfire management policies. His work frequently appears in peer-reviewed journals and media outlets like The Atlantic and New York Times , addressing topics like the Supreme Court’s EPA rulings and wildfire insurance issues.
Dr. Yayun Du is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Vanderbilt University School of Engineering. She holds a Ph.D. in Robotics and System Control (Minor: Solid Mechanics) from UCLA (2022) and was a postdoctoral scholar at Northwestern University's Rogers Group through 2024. Current faculty at Vanderbilt University Ph.D. from University of California, Los Angeles Postdoctoral experience at Northwestern University Her research integrates bioelectronics and robotics through three core directions: 1) Developing multimodal wearable/implantable sensors for health monitoring, 2) Creating human-in-the-loop interaction systems using brain-computer interfaces, and 3) Applying machine learning to medical environment robotics. She has deployed four sensor types across seven hospitals globally, serving users from neonates to elderly patients. Dr. Du's recent publications focus on wireless bioelectronic devices ( PNAS ), sustainable sensor materials ( ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ), and agricultural robotics ( ICRA , IROS ). She serves as Associate Editor for ICRA 2025 and has received two Best Paper Award final nominations at IROS 2021. Finalist - Best Paper Award in Agri-Robotics (IROS 2021) Finalist - Best Paper Award in Robot Mechanisms and Design (IROS 2021) As head of the Du Group, she leads interdisciplinary research with applications in both healthcare and agricultural contexts, collaborating with Vanderbilt Institute for Surgery and Engineering (VISE) and clinical partners. Her work emphasizes deployable systems that transition from academic research to real-world implementation in medical and industrial environments.
Marian Chertow is the Manufacturer’s Association Professor of Industrial Ecology at Yale University and Director of the Center for Industrial Ecology at the Yale School of the Environment. She holds an appointment at the Yale School of Management (SOM) and previously taught at the National University of Singapore (NUS) for 20 years, contributing to the development of their Master’s of Environmental Management program. Her research focuses on industrial ecology, circular economy, and industrial symbiosis—the study of material, energy, and byproduct exchanges among businesses. She pioneered frameworks for understanding industrial ecosystems and their resilience, emphasizing collaboration among firms for environmental and economic benefits. Her work spans global case studies, including China, India, and Singapore, and explores urban metabolism, resource reuse, and policy innovation. Chertow has received prestigious awards, including recognition from the U.S. EPA, the CT Women’s Hall of Fame, and the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE). She advises organizations like Trane Technologies and chairs initiatives like the Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium. Beyond academia, she founded a theater company staging Greek tragedies and teaches a course linking environmental themes to theater. Her research integrates complex adaptive systems theory, social network analysis, and policy design to address sustainability challenges in emerging economies. Current projects include analyzing waste management in China and urban resource flows in Singapore. Chertow’s interdisciplinary approach bridges environmental science, economics, and management to advance sustainable industrial practices globally.
Hadi Esmaeilzadeh is an Associate Professor at the University of California, San Diego in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering . He previously served as an Assistant Professor at Georgia Tech (2013-2017) and holds the Halicioğlu Chair in Computer Architecture . As founder/director of the Alternative Computing Technologies (ACT) Laboratory and associate director of UCSD's Center for Machine Integrated Computing and Security (MICS) , his research drives cross-stack solutions for next-generation computer systems. Early tenure recipient at UCSD Coined the term "dark silicon" in computer architecture Developed Tabla/DnnWeaver open-source frameworks Research Interests span: Approximate Computing Neural Acceleration FPGA/ASIC Hardware Design Machine Learning Systems Dark Silicon Challenges Security/Privacy in Accelerated Systems Scientific Recognition : 4 CACM Research Highlights 4 IEEE Micro Top Picks Distinguished Paper Award (HPCA 2016) Inducted to ISCA Hall of Fame (2018) Teaching : Developed courses on accelerator design (CSE 240D) and alternative computing (CS 8803 ACT) Advocates for hands-on FPGA-based learning in Processor Design with FPGAs courses
H.-S. Philip Wong is the Willard R. and Inez Kerr Bell Professor in the School of Engineering at Stanford University, where he has been since 2004. He holds the rank of Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and serves as the Director of the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility. Prior to Stanford, he spent 16 years at IBM’s T.J. Watson Research Center and served as Vice President of Corporate Research at TSMC (2018–2020), remaining as Chief Scientist in an advisory role thereafter. Leadership roles include founding the Stanford SystemX Alliance and leading the Microelectronics Commons AI Hardware Hub funded by the CHIPS Act. Research focuses on nanotechnology, semiconductor devices, and next-generation computing architectures, including carbon nanotube electronics, 3D integration (N3XT/MOSAIC), and neuromorphic computing. Awarded IEEE Fellow (2001), the IEEE Andrew S. Grove Award, and the J.J. Ebers Award for contributions to electron devices. His work spans device physics, fabrication, and system integration, with over 600 publications. Key contributions include advancements in phase-change memory, carbon nanotube transistors, and compute-in-memory systems. He advises numerous students and collaborates with industry through initiatives like the Stanford Non-Volatile Memory Technology Research Initiative. Recent efforts emphasize AI hardware acceleration, cryo-CMOS for quantum computing, and scalable memory architectures. His lab innovations include CellChips for synthetic biology and hyperdimensional computing using 3D RRAM.
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States
Wai Cheng is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), School of Engineering, and serves as Director of the Sloan Automotive Laboratory since 2009. His educational background includes: B.Sc. from California Institute of Technology (1974) M.Sc. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1975) Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1979) Professor Cheng's research centers on internal combustion engines , with expertise in engine performance, emissions, and combustion science. His work investigates cold-start phenomena in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, soot formation mechanisms, knock dynamics, and the impact of alternative fuels like ethanol. He integrates experimental diagnostics with computational modeling to develop energy-efficient transportation solutions while addressing societal environmental challenges. Recent projects focus on particulate emissions reduction and novel valve timing strategies for cleaner engine operation. His publication trends (2016-2019) reveal concentrated research on GDI engine cold-start emissions, with 70% of articles analyzing particulate matter formation and mitigation during engine start-up phases under varying fuel and operational conditions. Notable honors include: Fellow of the Society of Automotive Engineers (2003) SAE Oral Presentation Awards (2004, 2002) SAE Teetor Award (1984) Carl Richard Soderberg Professorship (1982) Professor Cheng has mentored numerous graduate students through MIT's mechanical engineering programs and secured research funding from automotive industry partners. His institutional service spans the Graduate Admission Committee (1980-2010, 2011-present) and editorial roles for the International Journal of Engine Research (2002-2019). He leads the Sloan Automotive Laboratory's multidisciplinary team in advancing sustainable propulsion technologies through engine optimization and alternative fuel research.
