جست‌وجوی استاد و پژوهشگر

• Computer Vision
• Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence
• +۶ مورد دیگر

Amir Zamir is a tenure-track Assistant Professor of Computer Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) in the School of Computer & Communication Sciences. Previously, he worked at UC Berkeley, Stanford, and UCF with prominent researchers including Silvio Savarese, Jitendra Malik, Mubarak Shah, Rahul Sukthankar, and Leonidas Guibas. He currently leads the Visual Intelligence & Learning Lab at EPFL and serves as chief scientist of Duranta, having previously been the CVML chief scientist of Aurora Solar (a Forbes AI 50 company valued at $4B in 2022) from 2015 to 2022. Dr. Zamir's research spans computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, with a focus on developing general multi-modal/multi-task vision systems that operate as active agents in the real world. His work emphasizes slow science principles, seeking fundamental understanding over quick publications. Key research areas include embodied vision, multimodal foundation models, computational imaging, and vision-language integration. His notable projects include 4M, Taskonomy, Gibson Environment, Omnidata, and MultiMAE, which have significantly influenced the field of computer vision and embodied AI. Zamir has made substantial contributions to the computer vision community through numerous high-impact publications and leadership roles. His work demonstrates a consistent focus on creating vision systems that go beyond narrow and passive methods toward more general, active, and embodied approaches. The trajectory of his research shows increasing sophistication in handling multiple modalities and tasks within unified frameworks, culminating in recent work on multimodal foundation models that can handle diverse vision tasks. Dr. Zamir has received numerous prestigious awards including the Young Researcher Award 2022 from ECCV, the PAMI Mark Everingham Prize 2022, SIGGRAPH 2022 Best Paper Award for CLIPasso, CVPR 2018 Best Paper Award for Taskonomy, and CVPR 2016 Best Student Paper Award. He is also an ELLIS Faculty Scholar and received the NVIDIA Pioneering Research Award in 2018 for the Gibson Environment. As an advisor, Dr. Zamir has mentored numerous PhD students including Roman Bachmann, Andrei Atanov, Rishubh Singh, Jason Toskov, Kunal Pratap Singh, Zhitong Gao, Mingqiao Ye, and Muhammad Uzair Khattak. His former PhD students include Oguzhan Kar (now at Apple), Alexander Sasha Sax (co-advised with Jitendra Malik, now at Meta FAIR), and Teresa Yeo (now at MIT-Singapore Alliance). Dr. Zamir teaches several advanced courses including CS-503 Visual Intelligence, CS-500 AI Product Management, COM-304 Intelligent Systems, and ENG-615 Topics in Autonomous Robotics. Dr. Zamir leads the Visual Intelligence & Learning Lab at EPFL, which focuses on developing fundamental methods for visual intelligence that can operate effectively in real-world environments. The lab takes an interdisciplinary approach combining computer vision, machine learning, robotics, and cognitive science to create systems that can perceive, understand, and interact with the world. Current research directions include multimodal foundation models, computational imaging, embodied vision, and personalization of generative models.

Osbert Bastaniمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Machine Learning
• Neurosymbolic AI
• Program Synthesis
• +۱۰ مورد دیگر

Osbert Bastani is an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, leading the trustml@Penn research group. He is affiliated with the ASSET , PRECISE , and PRiML centers, and the PLClub research group. His research focuses on Trustworthy Neurosymbolic Systems , Synthesizing Neurosymbolic Programs , and Machine Learning for Programmer Productivity , with applications in verification, fairness, and human-AI collaboration. He received the NSF CAREER Award in 2023. His recent publications (2024-2025) emphasize AI Safety , LLM Robustness , and Algorithmic Fairness , including work on adversarial robustness, conformal prediction, and program synthesis. Students he has advised include Sagnik Anupam, Stephen Mell, Jason Ma, Shuo Li, and others. Awards: NSF CAREER Award (2023)

Aniket Kitturمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• AI-Augmented Cognition
• Collective Intelligence
• Social Computing
• +۷ مورد دیگر

Aniket (Niki) Kittur is a Professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute (HCII) at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science. His research focuses on AI-augmented cognition, exploring how humans and computational systems can partner to accelerate knowledge acquisition and innovation. With over 100 peer-reviewed publications and 17 best paper awards or honorable mentions, Dr. Kittur has established himself as a leader in human-computer interaction and social computing. Dr. Kittur's research spans multiple interconnected areas focused on enhancing human cognition through technology. His work on crowd-augmented cognition examines how crowds and computation can collectively enhance human intellect. In social computing, he investigates how sociotechnical architectures can motivate and coordinate large groups for complex tasks. His research in data visualization and sensemaking explores how people collect, organize, and make decisions with online information. Most recently, his work has shifted toward LLM-augmented cognition, investigating how humans and large language models can work together in partnership to achieve better decisions and greater creativity than either could alone. Dr. Kittur's publications reveal a consistent trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated human-AI collaboration systems. Early work focused on crowdsourcing complex tasks (CrowdForge, CrowdSynthesis), then evolved to knowledge acceleration systems (Knowledge Accelerator, Fuse), and has recently centered on LLM-integrated cognition (Selenite, InkSpire, BioSpark). His research consistently demonstrates practical impact, with systems influencing products used by millions and receiving coverage in major media outlets including Nature News, The Economist, and The Wall Street Journal. Kavli fellow NSF CAREER award recipient Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence Inductee into the CHI Academy 17 best paper awards or honorable mentions across his publications Dr. Kittur has advised numerous students, including Andrew Kuznetsov, and has secured major research funding from NSF, NIH, Google, Microsoft, Bosch, Toyota, and other organizations. His Skeema browser extension project, which addresses tab overload through innovative project-based organization, has shown remarkable user retention and represents a practical application of his research on knowledge acceleration. His work with industry partners has influenced products used by millions, including Semantic Reader, Google Shopping, and Wikipedia features.

Haijun Xiaمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Human-AI Collaboration
• Interface Design
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Haijun Xia is an Assistant Professor at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), where he directs the Foundation Interface Lab and contributes to the Cognitive Science and Design Lab. His work focuses on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Human-AI Collaboration , emphasizing the development of dynamic, malleable interfaces that integrate human cognition with intelligent systems to enhance thinking and working paradigms. Education: Bachelor's, Tsinghua University Master's and PhD, University of Toronto His research spans generative AI , interface design , and creative collaboration , with applications in data visualization, programming, and scholarly work. He advocates for treating information as a malleable material that can be flexibly manipulated by users and AI agents. Recent publications highlight advancements in: 2025 CHI Conference - Generative user interfaces, malleable overview-detail designs, and compositional structures for human-AI co-creation 2024 CHI Conference - Structured design space exploration with LLMs, ASCII diagram analysis, and adaptive presentation systems 2023 CHI/UIST Conferences - Data particle visualization, contextual logging tools, and metaphor generation for science communication Scientific recognitions include: Multiple Best Paper Awards and Honorable Mentions at CHI and UIST Hellman Fellowship and grants from NSF , Microsoft , Google , Meta , Apple , and Adobe He actively recruits undergraduate and graduate interns and has an upcoming postdoc position in early 2025 for researchers interested in foundational interface development.

Philip S. Yuمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Data Mining
• Big Data
• Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing
• +۹ مورد دیگر

Philip S. Yu is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago and holds the Wexler Chair in Information Technology. Previously, he led the Software Tools and Techniques department at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Education: B.S. in Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Stanford University M.B.A., New York University His research spans data mining , big data , social networks , privacy-preserving data publishing , graph/network mining , recommender systems , and deep learning . He has authored over 970 papers with 74,500+ citations and an H-index of 127. Recent work focuses on heterogeneous graph representation, quantum walks in network analysis, and federated unlearning. Scientific Honors: ACM SIGKDD 2016 Innovation Award IEEE Computer Society 2013 Technical Achievement Award IEEE ICDM 2003 Research Contributions Award IEEE Region 1 Award (1999) UIC Research of the Year (2013) IBM Master Inventor with 300+ patents AI 2000 Most Influential Scholar Honorable Mentions (2024-2025) He served as Editor-in-Chief for ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering , and on steering committees for ACM KDD and IEEE Data Mining. His work bridges theoretical advances in graph neural networks , deep learning , and privacy-preserving systems with applications in healthcare, social media, and enterprise analytics.

Wendy Juمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Interaction with Automation
• Interaction Design Research
• Human Robot Interaction
• +۲ مورد دیگر

Wendy Ju is an Associate Professor of Information Science at Cornell Tech, with appointments in the Cornell Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology. Previously, she served as executive director of interaction design research at Stanford University's Center for Design Research and as an associate professor of interaction design at the California College of the Arts. Her work bridges human-computer interaction, design, and robotics with a focus on how interactive devices can communicate with people without interrupting them. PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University Master's degree in Media Arts and Sciences from MIT Professor Ju's research centers on implicit interactions, human-robot collaboration, and automotive interfaces. She investigates how people interact with automated systems in natural contexts, develops methods for early-stage prototyping of autonomous technologies, and examines the social implications of robotics in urban environments. Her work spans from theoretical frameworks to practical applications, with particular emphasis on designing systems that integrate seamlessly into human activities without demanding constant attention. Her recent publications reveal a strong trajectory toward understanding human-robot interaction in public urban spaces, with increasing focus on robot navigation in city streets, the social implications of autonomous vehicles, and the integration of generative AI in design processes. Her work consistently bridges theoretical HCI frameworks with practical applications in transportation, urban design, and everyday robotics. Inducted into the ACM SIGCHI Academy (2025) Multiple Honorable Mention Awards at ACM CHI and DIS conferences Best Paper Award at Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (2023) Best Student Paper Award at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (2017) Best Demonstration Award at HRI (2017) Professor Ju actively mentors numerous PhD and master's students, many of whom have become leading researchers in HCI and robotics. Her research has been supported by significant grants from NSF and industry partners, enabling extensive field studies of human-robot interaction in real-world settings. She has pioneered methodologies for studying autonomous vehicle interactions through both simulated and naturalistic driving environments. Her work with the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute supports interdisciplinary research at the intersection of computing, design, and urban technology. She has established research partnerships with transportation authorities, automotive companies, and urban planning organizations to study how emerging technologies can enhance urban mobility while respecting human needs and social contexts.

Aishwarya Agrawalمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Multimodal learning
• Deep learning
• Natural language processing
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Aishwarya Agrawal is an Assistant Professor at Université de Montréal in the Department of Computer Science and Operations Research (DIRO), affiliated with Mila – Quebec Institute of Artificial Intelligence and a Canada CIFAR AI Chair. She also serves as a research scientist at Google DeepMind, spending one day weekly there. Education: B.E. in Electrical Engineering (IIT Gandhinagar, 2014), Ph.D. in Computer Science (Georgia Tech, 2019). Her research focuses on multimodal learning , deep learning , natural language processing , and computer vision , particularly in developing AI systems that 'see' and 'communicate' effectively. Grants & Awards: Canada CIFAR AI Chair, 2020 Sigma Xi Best PhD Thesis Award, NVIDIA Fellowship (2018–2019), and multiple fellowships from Google and Facebook. She leads projects like Advancing Multimodal Vision-Language Learning (CRSNG-funded) and StarDoc: Document Structure Extraction (MITACS). Research Contributions: Pioneered benchmarks like CulturalVQA and UI-Vision , and frameworks such as PROGRESS for efficient VLM training. Her work emphasizes cross-modal alignment, robust evaluation, and cultural understanding in AI systems. Labs/Teams: Active in Mila’s core academic group and collaborates with Google DeepMind on multimodal and vision-language research. Supervises a dynamic team of PhD and master’s students in Montreal.

April Yi Wangمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Educational Technology
• Programming Support
• +۴ مورد دیگر

April Yi Wang is a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at ETH Zürich, where she directs the Programming, Education, and Computer-Human Interaction Lab (PEACH Lab). She is a core faculty member at the Institute for Intelligent Interactive Systems and associated with the ETH AI Center. Wang is also an active member of ETH HCI and Swiss CHI communities, contributing significantly to human-computer interaction and educational technology research. Dr. Wang's educational background includes: Ph.D. in Information Science from University of Michigan (2023), advised by Steve Oney and Christopher Brooks M.Sc. in Computer Science from Simon Fraser University (2018), advised by Parmit Chilana B.Eng in Computer Science from Zhejiang University (2016) Dr. Wang's research focuses on human-centered approaches to programming and data science. Her work reimagines programming as a form of literature that communicates with both machines and people, exploring creative representations like text, shapes, animations, and everyday objects. She investigates how to make programming more natural and intuitive through literate programming environments, with applications in professional and educational contexts. Her research spans human-computer interaction, educational technology, and AI-assisted programming tools. Analysis of Dr. Wang's recent publications reveals a strong focus on AI-enhanced educational tools, particularly for programming and data literacy. Her work increasingly integrates large language models to scaffold learning while maintaining user agency. There's a clear trajectory toward developing situated learning approaches that connect abstract concepts to real-world contexts through augmented reality and tangible interfaces. Her research bridges HCI, education, and AI to create more accessible and engaging technical learning experiences. Dr. Wang has received numerous prestigious awards including: 2023 Gary M. Olson Award and Honourable Mention Award at ACM CHI 2022 Rising Stars in EECS and Heidelberg Laureate Forum Young Researcher 2020 Best Short Paper Award at IEEE VL/HCC and Honourable Mention at ACM CHI 2019 Best Paper Award at ACM CSCW Dr. Wang actively mentors students through thesis projects at ETH Zürich, supervising numerous bachelor's and master's students on topics ranging from AI-assisted programming to data literacy tools. Her lab, PEACH Lab, has secured funding including the recent innovedum funding for the Coducate project. She serves on program committees for major conferences including CHI and UIST, and regularly reviews for top HCI and education journals. The PEACH Lab, directed by Dr. Wang, focuses on creating expressive, intelligent, and human-centered systems that make technical topics more accessible. The lab explores textual, visual, and embodied representations for programming, with emphasis on enhancing communication, collaboration, and learning. Current research directions include balancing automation with user agency, supporting diverse learning needs, and developing tools for interdisciplinary technical communication.

Jeff Huangمشاهده پروفایل

دانشیار

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Data Science
• Health Informatics (eHealth/mHealth)
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Jeff Huang is an Associate Professor and Associate Chair of Computer Science at Brown University. His research focuses on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), with emphases on personalized systems using behavioral data, health informatics, and user interfaces. Huang holds a PhD from the University of Washington and degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His work is funded by NSF, NIH, and ARO, and he has received awards including the NSF CAREER Award and ARO Young Investigator Award. Education: PhD in Information Science, University of Washington (2013) MS in Computer Science, University of Washington (2013) BS and MS in Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2007) Research Interests: His work spans health informatics (e.g., sleep tracking systems like Self-E and SleepCoacher), user interface design, and leveraging behavioral data for personalized systems. Notable projects include WebGazer (webcam eye tracking), filtered.ink (creative illustration tools), and Sochiatrist (mental health analytics). Teaching: He teaches courses on user interfaces, HCI, and research methods, including CSCI 0130/1300 (User Interfaces), CSCI 2300 (HCI Seminar), and CSCI 2000 (Research Methods). Awards: NSF CAREER Award Facebook Fellowship ARO Young Investigator Award Grants & Advising: Huang leads a research group advising over 50 students, many of whom have pursued academic and industry roles. His grants support projects in HCI, health tech, and collaborative systems.

Zhun Dengمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Machine Learning
• Statistics
• Theoretical Computer Science
• +۴ مورد دیگر

Zhun Deng is a tenure-track Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research bridges machine learning, statistics, and theoretical computer science, focusing on rigorous frameworks for responsible AI systems. He previously held postdoctoral positions at Columbia University and completed his Ph.D. at Harvard's Theory of Computation group under Cynthia Dwork. Ph.D. in Computer Science, Harvard University (2022) B.Sc. in Mathematics, Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University His research spans theoretical foundations of machine learning, including: Quantile-based risk control and conformal prediction Fairness guarantees in algorithmic decision-making Uncertainty quantification for LLMs Copyright frameworks for generative AI Physics-informed hybrid models Multi-agent reinforcement learning with constraints Recent work analyzes LLM alignment through distribution-free methods (ICML 2025), explores performativity challenges (ICML 2025), and develops calibration techniques (ICLR 2024). Collaborations include research interns from Stanford, MIT, and NYU. Students in his group include: Ruomeng Ding (Ph.D., UNC) Xiaowei Yin (Ph.D., UNC) Kaicheng Zhang (Ph.D., UNC)

Andreas Vlachosمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Natural Language Processing
• Machine Learning
• Dialogue Modelling
• +۱۰ مورد دیگر

Andreas Vlachos is a Professor of Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, and holds the Dinesh Dhamija Fellowship at Fitzwilliam College. His research spans dialogue modeling, automated fact-checking, imitation learning, semantic parsing, biomedical text mining, and trustworthiness in AI systems. PhD in Computer Science, University of Cambridge (supervised by Ted Briscoe and Zoubin Ghahramani) Lecturer at University of Sheffield Postdoctoral roles at UCL, University of Cambridge (NLIP group, Stephen Clark), and University of Wisconsin-Madison (Mark Craven) Current research focuses on evaluating and mitigating biases in language models, advancing fact-checking methodologies, and improving model robustness through interpolation, reinforcement learning, and causal reasoning. His work integrates natural logic, knowledge graphs, and multimodal evidence for verification tasks. Recent publications address uncertainty quantification, temporal planning benchmarks, and ethical framing of NLP artifacts. Grants from ERC, EPSRC, Facebook, Google, and the Alan Turing Institute fund his research team. Collaborations include Sebastian Riedel, Stephen Clark, and Mark Craven. Key projects explore disinformation detection, long-form generation, and confidence calibration in AI systems.

Rana Hanockaمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Computer Graphics
• Machine Learning
• Computer Vision
• +۳ مورد دیگر

Rana Hanocka is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at the University of Chicago, leading the 3DL research group focused on AI-driven 3D geometry processing. She earned her Ph.D. in 2021 from Tel Aviv University under Professors Daniel Cohen-Or and Raja Giryes. Her work explores neural networks for unstructured 3D data, including mesh convolutional networks and self-priors for shape reconstruction. Key research areas include geometric deep learning, human-AI collaboration in 3D modeling, and interpretable neural networks. Notable contributions include MeshCNN (SIGGRAPH 2019) and Point2Mesh (NeurIPS 2020), advancing mesh analysis and point cloud processing. Awards include the 2023 Pazy Research Award and 2020 Rising Star in EECS. Education : Ph.D. Computer Science, Tel Aviv University (2021) Labs/Groups : 3DL Group at UChicago Grants : NSF Grant for AI-driven 3D modeling tools (2023) Research directions emphasize creative human-AI partnerships, unsupervised learning from shape collections, and explainable 3D neural networks. Ongoing projects include style-aware 3D synthesis, interactive segmentation, and multimodal shape interfaces.

Siân Bayneمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Higher Education Futures
• Utopian Studies
• Digital Education
• +۹ مورد دیگر

Professor Siân Bayne is a leading academic in digital education at the University of Edinburgh , where she serves as Assistant Principal for Education Futures and directs the Centre for Research in Digital Education . Her work bridges critical theory and practical innovation in higher education. Interdisciplinary research on digital education and futures studies Leadership in the Edinburgh Futures Institute and Moray House School of Education and Sport Global impact through UNESCO collaborations and UKRI GCRF projects Bayne’s research explores higher education futures , utopian theory , and digital enhancement , with a focus on: AI’s role in teaching and learning Ethical implications of educational technologies Anonymous social media in academic spaces Speculative scenarios for educational systems Global South digital education models Augmented reality applications in assessment Her 15 most recent publications span 2017-2025 , covering critical perspectives on: Generative AI and educational innovation Utopian design in universities Data governance in learning analytics Augmented reality pedagogy Digital cultural heritage Scientific recognition includes: IASH Sabbatical Fellowship (2023) Bayne leads Higher Education Futures initiatives and partners with institutions worldwide, including: UNESCO Global Education and Technology Report World Bank collaborations European university leadership programs She also drives major research centers like: Centre for Research in Digital Education UKRI GCRF Urban Disaster Risk Hub

Carlo Harveyمشاهده پروفایل

استاد

• Virtual Reality
• Game Design
• Computer Graphics
• +۸ مورد دیگر

Professor Carlo Harvey is a creative technologist at the School of Digital Arts (SODA), Manchester Metropolitan University. His interdisciplinary research merges games , machine learning , virtual production , and cultural heritage reinterpretation . He leads industry collaborations with entities like Jaguar Land Rover and Epic Games, focusing on AI-driven interactive audio, real-time visualization, and accessibility solutions. Award-winning projects : TIGA, Innovate UK, and Epic Games MegaGrant for Accession Industry partnerships : Automotive sector, cultural institutions His research spans human-computer interaction , multisensory virtual environments , and acoustic-visual cross-modal perception . Recent publications address robotic simulations, motion alignment, and haptic feedback systems. Scientific recognition : TIGA Award, Innovate UK Funding, Epic Games MegaGrant Advocacy : Digital inclusion, creative collaboration, social impact of technology

Andrew Headمشاهده پروفایل

استادیار

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Programming
• Reading
• +۱۳ مورد دیگر

Andrew Head is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the Computer and Information Science department. His research focuses on human-computer interaction, programming, and reading, particularly in developing technology for interactive reading and reasoning. He advises PhD students Alyssa Hwang, Hita Kambhamettu, Litao Yan, Jeffrey Tao, and Jessica Shi, and co-leads the Penn Human-Computer Interaction (Penn HCI) group with Danaé Metaxa. His work is published in top venues like ACM CHI, UIST, and ICSE. Research Interests: Andrew's work bridges interactive systems with programming environments, aiming to enhance how scientists and programmers interact with their tools. Key areas include AI-assisted code understanding, math notation accessibility, and medical note interpretation through interactivity. He employs user studies to identify needs and builds interactive systems to address them. Recent Article Trends: His publications emphasize systems-centric HCI approaches, integrating AI into code and document interfaces. Topics span code explanation (e.g., Ivie), property-based testing (e.g., Tyche), math notation augmentation (e.g., FreeForm), and medical informatics (e.g., Explainable Notes). Recent work also explores notebook environments (e.g., Bolt-on, Tyche) and literate programming (e.g., Colaroid). Scientific Awards: Distinguished Paper Award, ICSE 2024 Best Paper Awards at CHI (2024, 2023, 2022, 2019), UIST (2023, 2018), and others. Nominated for Best Paper at CHI 2023 and VL/HCC 2015. Advising & Grants: Andrew advises multiple PhD students and has secured significant grants, including a $1M NSF award for 'Property-based Testing for the People' (2024). His group collaborates with Penn’s MindCORE center and teams like PLClub and PennNLP. Labs & Teams: He co-leads the Penn HCI group, which works closely with other Penn research teams and labs. The group focuses on creating interactive tools that enhance scientific and programming workflows, supported by grants and cross-institutional partnerships.