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Zongyuan GeView profile

Associate Professor

• Medical Artificial Intelligence
• Computer-aided Diagnosis
• Biomedical Engineering
• +7 more

Associate Professor Zongyuan Ge is an interdisciplinary researcher in Medical Artificial Intelligence, Computer-aided Diagnosis, and Biomedical Engineering at Monash University, holding tenure in both the Faculty of IT and the Faculty of Engineering. He leads the Monash Medical AI group, supervising over 30+ PhD students and 5 Research Fellows. His research focuses on leveraging AI for medical imaging, genomics, and clinical decision-making, addressing diseases like diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders. Ge has attracted over $35M in funding from NHMRC, MRFF, and industry partners like NVIDIA and Airdoc, with a h-index of 40 and 10,000+ citations. Awards: Wu Wenjun Award (2019, 2022), NVIDIA AI Fellowship, APRS Early Career Award (2021) Entrepreneurship: Founded Eyetelligence (venture-backed $25M) and serves as Chief Scientist at Airdoc, whose products have served millions globally. Community Engagement: NVIDIA DLI instructor, program committee member for AAAI/IJCAI, and editorial roles in journals like IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. Ge’s work bridges academia and industry, contributing to AI-driven healthcare solutions such as eye disease screening systems and the HELIX healthcare data platform. His research emphasizes ethical AI frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Dieter SaurView profile

Professor

• Translational Cancer Research
• Genetic Alterations in Cancer
• Personalized Medicine
• +3 more

Prof. Dieter Saur is a Professor of Translational Tumor Research at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Head of the Department at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). His research focuses on developing personalized cancer therapies through mechanistic studies of tumor-relevant genetic alterations, with a particular emphasis on pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers. Education: Studied medicine at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, earned a doctorate in neurogastroenterology, completed specialist training in gastroenterology and gastrointestinal oncology, and habilitation in internal medicine. He became a senior physician at University Hospital rechts der Isar before his current roles at TUM and DKFZ. Research Interests: Translational cancer research, genetic drivers of tumor progression, early detection methods, and targeted therapies for pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers. He uses genetically engineered mouse models and organoid systems to study tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Awards: Recipient of prestigious grants like the ERC Consolidator Grant (2015) and awards such as the Martin Wienbeck Award (2014) and Rising Star Award (2006). His work bridges basic science and clinical translation, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches. Labs/Teams: Leads the Translational Tumor Research group at TUM and collaborates with the DKFZ to advance preclinical and clinical cancer research. Key projects include exploring KRAS signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment dynamics, and immune checkpoint therapies.

• Psychometrics
• Educational Measurement
• Statistical Modeling
• +3 more

Prof. Dr. Steffi Pohl is a Professor of Methods and Evaluation/Quality Assurance at the Department of Methods and Evaluation/Quality Assurance, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin. She holds editorial roles in prominent journals like Psychometrika and Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics . Her research focuses on psychometrics, log data analysis, missing data mechanisms, and causal inference in educational assessments. Steffi Pohl's academic journey includes a Diplom in Psychology from Freie Universität Berlin (1998–2004) and a Ph.D. in Psychometrics (2005–2010) from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. She has held various research positions, including at the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) and the University of Hertfordshire, UK. Her work emphasizes methodological advancements in testing, missing data, and measurement invariance across populations. Her research interests span psychometric modeling, log data analysis, and addressing challenges in large-scale educational assessments. Key contributions include innovations in response time analysis, disentangling engaged/disengaged test behaviors, and improving cross-cultural comparisons in educational rankings. She has been recognized with the 2020 Early Career Award from the Psychometric Society and the 2011 Gustav A. Lienert Dissertation Prize. In addition to research, Pohl teaches courses on empirical social research methods and multivariate analysis techniques. She actively contributes to university governance as a member of the Academic Senate at Freie Universität Berlin and serves as a trusted advisor for the German National Academic Foundation.

• Concurrency and Parallelism
• Real-time Systems
• Distributed Systems
• +6 more

Lukasz (Luke) Ziarek serves as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University at Buffalo's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. His work bridges theoretical computer science with practical systems engineering, focusing on real-time capabilities in distributed environments and safety-critical applications. His educational foundation includes a PhD in Computer Science from Purdue University (2011) and a BS in Computer Science from the University of Chicago (2003). Ziarek's research centers on formal verification of distributed protocols , real-time systems engineering , and mobile/embedded computing . He pioneers session type theory for IoT security, develops real-time variants of Android (RTDroid) and Standard ML (RTML), and investigates UAV software reliability. His work consistently addresses the tension between theoretical guarantees and practical system constraints in concurrency, timing, and security. Recent publications (2022-2025) reveal three dominant trajectories: formal methods for rate-based session types in IoT protocols, performance analysis of visual SLAM systems for robotics, and security vulnerabilities in embedded platforms like ARM TrustZone. These threads converge on ensuring correctness and timeliness in resource-constrained distributed systems. His scientific accolades include the IEEE Region One Technological Innovation Award (2023) and NSF CAREER Award (2018), reflecting dual excellence in research and education. IEEE Region One Technological Innovation (Academic) Award, 2023 President Emeritus and Mrs. Meyerson Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching and Mentoring, 2022 NSF CAREER Award, 2018 SEAS Early Career Teacher of the Year, 2016 Halstead Award for Outstanding Research in Software Engineering, 2009 Intel Fellowship, 2008 GAANN Fellowship, 2004 Ziarek directs significant research initiatives including a $900K NSF UAV infrastructure project (as PI) and a $1.7M MRI grant for connected vehicle testing. His funding portfolio spans real-time systems, compiler design, and pocket-scale data management, emphasizing collaborative, interdisciplinary approaches to software reliability. CRI:CI-New UAV Infrastructure ($900K, PI 31%) NSF CAREER: Real-time Object-Oriented Systems ($500K, PI 100%) MRI: iCAVE2 Vehicle Testing ($1.7M, co-PI 14%) III: Just-in-Time Data Structures ($499K, co-PI 50%) II-EN: MLton Compiler Research ($606K, PI 63%) He leads an open-source ecosystem including RTDroid (real-time Android), Multi-MLton (parallel SML compiler), and BlueSeal (Android security analyzer), fostering community-driven advances in systems software.

Pierre MégevandView profile

Professor

• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Epilepsy
• Human Neuron Physiology
• +7 more

Pierre Mégevand is a Professor and group leader at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, where he leads the Human Neuron Lab. His research is centered on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying human cognition and epilepsy, using intracranial recordings from awake patients. He is actively involved in both clinical and basic neuroscience research, with a focus on speech, language, and seizure dynamics. His research interests span cognitive neuroscience, clinical neurophysiology, and neuroengineering. He investigates how neurons encode sensory stimuli and behavioral responses, particularly in the context of speech and language. His lab uses stereo-EEG and microelectrode recordings to identify seizure-specific neural patterns and develop patient-tailored biomarkers for seizure detection and prediction. Key areas include multisensory integration, functional brain networks in epilepsy, and neural decoding of imagined speech. His recent publications reflect a strong trend in human intracranial electrophysiology, with studies on audiovisual illusions, electrode localization tools, functional networks in epilepsy, and neural correlates of speech and emotion. His work combines clinical data with advanced computational methods to uncover the dynamics of human brain function. Among his scientific contributions are methodological advancements and clinical insights in epilepsy monitoring and treatment. Though no specific awards are listed, his publications in top journals like Nature Communications and Epilepsia indicate high recognition in the field. Mégevand advises graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, including Lora Fanda and Jonathan Monney. His lab collaborates on grants related to neurotechnology, brain-computer interfaces, and epilepsy research, though specific grant details are not provided. He is part of a multidisciplinary team at the University of Geneva that includes engineers, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The Human Neuron Lab, based at the Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), is equipped for advanced human electrophysiology studies. The team includes a master assistant, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers, reflecting an active and collaborative research environment focused on translational neuroscience.

Anis ZarradView profile

Associate Professor

• Search-Based Software Engineering
• Machine Learning in Software Testing
• Collaborative Virtual Environments
• +7 more

Dr. Anis Zarrad is an Associate Professor in the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, Dubai Campus, where he has been serving since 2018. He previously held the role of Digital Lead for computer and engineering programs from 2020 to 2022. His academic base is firmly rooted in computer science with a focus on innovative research and educational contributions. Education: Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE), University of Birmingham PhD in Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada, 2010 MSc in Computer Science, Concordia University, Canada, 2014 BSc in Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada, 2010 BSc in Software Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada, 2012 Dr. Zarrad's research interests span Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) , Machine Learning applied to software testing , and teaching and learning through collaborative virtual environments . His work integrates algorithmic optimization, AI-driven testing, and cloud-based systems, reflecting a multidisciplinary approach to modern software challenges. During his PhD, he developed a routing protocol for mobile collaborative virtual environments to reduce network traffic and improve efficiency. The recent publications highlight a strong trend in applying decision-making models like AHP-TOPSIS to technical debt evaluation, leveraging deep transfer learning for medical diagnosis (e.g., COVID-19 detection), and designing cloud-based disaster management systems. These works reflect his expertise in combining software engineering principles with machine learning and real-world applications in healthcare and emergency systems. Professional Service: Member of over ten conference and workshop program committees Reviewer for journals published by Elsevier, Springer, and IEEE Dr. Zarrad has collaborated extensively with researchers such as Professor Azzedine Boukerche in the PARADISE Computer Science Lab. While no formal students are listed, his role as an associate professor and active researcher suggests mentorship and advising responsibilities. He has not received any explicitly mentioned scientific awards. There is no indication of grant details, but his publication record suggests involvement in funded research projects. Laboratory and Research Group Affiliation: He was actively involved in the PARADISE Lab (Parallel, Ad-hoc, and Distributed Systems Laboratory) during his PhD at the University of Ottawa, working under the supervision of Professor Azzedine Boukerche. This lab focuses on networking, distributed systems, and simulation environments, aligning closely with his early work on routing protocols for mobile CVEs.

• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Genomic Surveillance
• Wastewater-Based Epidemiology
• +7 more

Crystal Hepp is an Associate Professor in the School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems at Northern Arizona University. Her interdisciplinary research bridges computational biology, public health, and infectious disease genomics, with a strong emphasis on genomic surveillance and wastewater-based epidemiology. She actively collaborates with public health agencies in Arizona and contributes to statewide pathogen monitoring efforts. Research Interests: Dr. Hepp's work spans infectious disease epidemiology, genomic surveillance, zoonotic pathogens (including Onchocerca lupi and rabies virus), whole genome sequencing, and computational modeling. Her research integrates molecular data with public health frameworks to track and respond to emerging pathogens. She has published extensively on wastewater-based monitoring of SARS-CoV-2, genomic epidemiology of bacterial infections like Group A Streptococcus and MRSA, and the evolution of parasitic nematodes. The recent publications reveal a consistent focus on applying genomic tools to real-world public health challenges, particularly in rural and underserved settings. Her work often involves multidisciplinary teams and addresses both human and wildlife health, aligning with the One Health approach. Themes include pathogen detection, transmission dynamics, and the development of surveillance methodologies. Scientific Contributions: Developed frameworks for integrating wastewater data into public health decision-making. Advanced genomic surveillance of infectious agents in healthcare and community settings. Contributed to understanding the phylogeography of tick-borne pathogens and their endosymbionts. Published in high-impact journals including Frontiers in Public Health , Journal of Infectious Diseases , and PLoS ONE . Dr. Hepp has co-authored numerous datasets related to tick and nematode genomics, indicating strong data science and bioinformatics expertise. While specific advising roles or grants are not mentioned in the text, her collaborative publication record suggests active engagement in research teams and projects focused on emerging infectious diseases and genomic public health.

• Alzheimer's Disease
• Social Cognition
• Vascular Dementia
• +4 more

Fijanne Strijkert is an active researcher at University Medical Center Groningen's Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, specializing in cognitive disorders among elderly populations. Her research primarily focuses on comparative analysis of social and non-social cognitive impairments across different dementia syndromes including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dr. Strijkert's research interests center on social cognition , emotion recognition , and comparative dementia profiles . Her work investigates how different dementia types affect patients' ability to recognize emotions and navigate social situations, with particular attention to distinguishing features between vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. This research has significant implications for differential diagnosis and tailored care approaches. Her recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on practical clinical applications, including cognitive screening tools for hospital settings and community-based detection methods. The research shows increasing attention to implementation science and real-world application of cognitive assessment protocols. Dr. Strijkert has received recognition for her research contributions, including the Publication Price 2018 for established researchers and being among the top 5 best publications in 2018 by the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. These awards, though shared with multiple collaborators, highlight the impact of her research contributions. Professionally, she serves as Chair of Ouderenpsychologie Noord (Northern Geropsychology) since 2023 and has organized professional events including the Netwerksymposium OP Noord in March 2024. Her collaborative network extends across Dutch healthcare institutions with numerous co-authorships on dementia-related research.

Kevin M. JohnsonView profile

Associate Professor

• Medical Imaging
• MRI Technology
• Biomedical Engineering
• +4 more

Kevin M. Johnson is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison with primary affiliation in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and joint appointments in Medical Physics and Radiology within the School of Medicine and Public Health. His laboratory focuses on advancing MRI technologies for quantitative disease assessment. Education: BS in Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison MS in Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison PhD in Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison Research Focus: Dr. Johnson's work centers on overcoming MRI limitations through accelerated acquisition techniques, motion artifact reduction, and novel quantification methods. Key areas include 4D flow imaging, non-Cartesian reconstruction, vascular remodeling analysis, and patient-friendly MRI protocols. His research enables new applications in neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, MS), cardiovascular diseases, and oncological imaging. Publication Trends: Over 50 peer-reviewed articles demonstrate consistent innovation in MRI pulse sequence design, flow quantification, and reconstruction algorithms. Recent work (2015-2016) shows strong emphasis on 4D flow applications in neurovascular diseases, hepatic hemodynamics, and ultra-short echo time techniques for pulmonary and oncological imaging. Advising & Collaboration: As primary advisor in Medical Physics, Dr. Johnson mentors graduate students and collaborates widely across radiology, neurology, and engineering departments. Specific student and grant details are not provided in source materials.

• Bioprocess Technology
• Liposomal Drug Delivery
• Bio-layer Interferometry
• +7 more

Karola Vorauer-Uhl is an Associate Professor at the Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). She is based at Muthgasse 18, Vienna, and holds a doctorate in life sciences and biotechnology. Her work is deeply rooted in biopharmaceutical technology, particularly in liposomal drug delivery and recombinant protein production. Her research interests center on advanced bioprocess technologies. She specializes in liposomal formulations for therapeutic and vaccine delivery, with a focus on protein encapsulation and liposome-protein interactions. A key methodological expertise is bio-layer interferometry (BLI) , which she uses for real-time, label-free analysis of molecular binding. Her work also encompasses CHO cell culture processes , quality by design (QbD) , process analytical technology (PAT) , and the development of recombinant proteins like erythropoietin and HIV envelope proteins for biomedical applications. The 15 most recent publications highlight a consistent research trajectory in biopharmaceutical process development and nanoparticle-based delivery systems . Early works focused on protein purification and liposome production, while recent contributions emphasize advanced analytical methods like BLI for characterizing protein-liposome interactions and implementing QbD/PAT in mammalian cell cultures. The dominant themes are liposome technology , protein characterization , and bioprocess optimization , with applications in drug and vaccine delivery. ao.Univ.Prof. (Associate Professor), BOKU Vienna Habilitation in Biopharmaceutical Technology, 2002 Promotion (PhD) in Food and Biotechnology, 1993 Dipl.-Ing. in Food and Biotechnology, 1988 Karola Vorauer-Uhl has made significant contributions to the development of liposomal therapeutics and vaccines. Her work on GMP-compliant liposome production and novel techniques like the cross-flow injection method demonstrates a strong focus on translating research into industrial applications. She has been involved in projects related to HIV vaccine development using virosomes and the therapeutic use of liposomal superoxide dismutase. Her community service includes participation in numerous scientific conferences and workshops, particularly in the fields of bioprocessing and liposome research. She is actively engaged in academic advising, as evidenced by her supervision of university theses. Her laboratory or research group appears to focus on bioprocess engineering, with expertise in recombinant protein expression, liposome formulation, and advanced analytical characterization. Collaborations with industry partners and other research institutions, especially in the area of biopharmaceuticals, are a consistent feature of her work.

Lijing XinView profile

Assistant Professor

• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
• Brain Energy Metabolism
• Neuroimaging
• +3 more

Lijing Xin is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Physics and a research staff scientist at the Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) at Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. She teaches courses on Biomedical Imaging and Translational MR Neuroimaging, while also contributing to academic administration. PhD in Physics (2010, EPFL) Master's Project (2002-2005) on MRI instrumentation Her research focuses on high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MRI for studying brain function and neurological diseases. She develops novel acquisition and quantification methods for 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P nuclei, particularly on 7T clinical platforms . Her work bridges preclinical and clinical research , with collaborations in psychiatry to explore pathophysiology and biomarkers for disorders like schizophrenia and mood disorders. Recent publications include studies on epilepsy , Alzheimer's disease , brain energy metabolism , and neurochemical profiling using advanced MRS and deep learning for psychosis classification. She has contributed to RF coil design , macromolecule suppression , and metabolic pathway analysis across multiple disciplines. She advises PhD students and collaborates on interdisciplinary projects involving neuroimaging hardware , metabolic disease research , and psychiatric biomarker identification . Her lab at EPFL CIBM-AIT develops cutting-edge techniques for high-resolution brain metabolism analysis and clinical translation .

Charlene McShaneView profile

Senior Lecturer

• Cancer Epidemiology
• Global Health
• Premalignant Disease
• +4 more

Dr. Charlene McShane is a Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Public Health within Queen's University Belfast's School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences. She actively supervises PhD/MD students in cancer epidemiology, premalignant disease research, early cancer detection, cancer education, and global health initiatives. Her research program focuses on: Cancer epidemiology with specialization in multiple myeloma and hematologic malignancies Global health equity in cancer screening and prevention Health services research examining care delivery models Population-based studies on treatment outcomes and disparities Recent publications (2025) demonstrate strong trends in: Global oncology implementation science (e.g., colorectal screening in Uganda) Health systems analysis (e.g., UK multiple myeloma services) Pharmacoepidemiology (e.g., psychotropic drug impacts on cancer outcomes) Methodologically diverse approaches including cohort studies, systematic reviews, and mixed-methods research Awards and honors include: Cancer Research UK New Investigator Award (2016) Multiple oral presentation prizes (2013-2015) Young Investigator Travel Awards from Cancer Translational Research Group (2013, 2014) Current projects involve: Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in Ireland and UK Myeloproliferative neoplasm case-control studies (MOSAICC) Colorectal cancer prevention strategies in Uganda Chronic disease caregiver support systems in low-resource settings

Stuart McIntoshView profile

Clinical Professor

• Breast Cancer
• Surgery
• Therapeutic Procedures
• +7 more

Stuart McIntosh is a Clinical Professor at Queen's University Belfast's School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, and a Consultant Breast Surgeon at Belfast City Hospital. His research focuses on breast cancer, surgical outcomes, therapeutic de-escalation, and clinical trials, with over 131 publications and 111 academic activities recorded. Primary Affiliation: Queen's University Belfast Current Role: Clinical Professor and Consultant Surgeon Research Themes: Breast Cancer, Surgical Innovation, De-escalation Trials, Public Health His work emphasizes optimizing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, evaluating surgical quality assurance processes (TADPOLE-TOGETHER project), and pioneering less invasive treatments for low-risk breast cancer (SMALL Trial). He has contributed to global surgical funding analysis and population health studies. Recent publications highlight his leadership in clinical trials comparing open surgery with minimally invasive techniques and investigating psychotropic medication impacts on cancer mortality. Awards and honors are not explicitly mentioned, but his peer-review activities and invited talks demonstrate significant academic influence. Contact details: s.mcintosh@qub.ac.uk . ORCID: 0000-0002-4123-9611 . Active in multidisciplinary collaborations and surgical education, with a focus on improving patient outcomes.

Jeff HuangView profile

Associate Professor

• Programming Languages
• Software Engineering
• Concurrency
• +1 more

Jeff Huang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, specializing in programming languages and software engineering with a focus on concurrency and runtime verification. His research develops advanced program analysis techniques and tools to enhance software performance and reliability. Programming Languages Software Engineering Concurrency Runtime Verification His work has been recognized with prestigious awards including the ACM SIGSOFT Early Career Researcher Award, NSF CAREER Award, Google Faculty Research Award, and DARPA Young Faculty Award. Notably, his research has earned multiple SIGPLAN Research Highlights and PLDI Distinguished Paper Awards. ACM SIGSOFT Early Career Researcher Award NSF CAREER Award Google Faculty Research Award Mozilla Research Award Facebook Research Award DARPA Young Faculty Award ACM SIGSOFT Outstanding Dissertation Award ACM SIGPLAN PLDI Distinguished Paper Award SIGPLAN Research Highlights Jeff Huang actively contributes to academic communities as a committee member in venues like SPLASH, ICSE, ISSTA, and PLDI. He has authored influential papers on concurrency bug detection, pointer analysis, and language translation tools, spanning both theoretical foundations and practical implementations.

Natalie PardeView profile

Associate Professor

• Natural Language Processing
• Interactive Systems
• Multimodality
• +2 more

Natalie Parde is an Associate Professor and Co-Director of Undergraduate Studies in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC). She co-directs the UIC Natural Language Processing Laboratory and holds affiliations with the AI.Health4All Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence as well as the UIC Honors College. Her research focuses on natural language processing with applications in healthcare, multimodal communication, and creative language analysis. Ph.D., Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas M.S., Computer Science, University of North Texas B.S., Computer Science, University of North Texas Parde's research spans three primary strands: NLP interfaces for educational technology, health-oriented summarization, and multimodal communication systems. Recent publications highlight advancements in dementia detection through spoken language analysis, empathy prediction in conversational systems, and multimodal emotion classification. Her work frequently addresses healthcare applications of NLP, including mental health assessment and medical self-disclosure detection. Scientific awards include the Dr. Hermann Zemlicka Award for Most Visionary Paper at Gmunden Retreat on NeuroIS 2024. She has advised numerous doctoral students, including Gyeongeun Lee working on empathy detection via figurative language, Shahla Farzana researching dementia detection methods, and Mohammad Arvan investigating reproducibility in NLP evaluations. The UIC NLP Lab under her direction focuses on developing NLP systems that positively impact society through educational technology interfaces and healthcare applications.