Joseph Francois is a Professor of Economics and Director at the World Trade Institute (WTI) , affiliated with the Economic Institute at the University of Bern. He previously served as Deputy Director of the NCCR Trade Regulation (2015–2017) and held professorships at Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Erasmus University Rotterdam, and other institutions. His research spans international economics, trade policy, globalization, environmental economics, and computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Key focus areas include cross-border production chains, trade in services, open economy competition policy, financial market integration, and the interplay between trade agreements and sustainability goals. Scientific distinctions include a Fellowship at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (London). His methodological expertise includes CGE modeling, econometric estimation of large nonlinear systems, and policy analysis of trade disputes, carbon border adjustments, and non-tariff measures. Education: Ph.D. in Economics, University of Maryland BA in Economics and History, University of Virginia He has contributed extensively to policy briefs and technical reports, particularly in analyzing trade impacts on employment, economic development, and environmental outcomes.
Dr. Sameer A Ansari, MD, PhD is a Professor of Radiology (Interventional Neuroradiology), Neurological Surgery, and Neurology at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. He holds appointments in multiple departments reflecting his interdisciplinary expertise in neurovascular interventions and stroke care. His educational background includes: MD from Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University (2000) PhD from College of Graduate Studies, Thomas Jefferson University (2000) Radiology Residency at University of Illinois at Chicago (2005) Neuroradiology Fellowship at University of Michigan Health System (2006) Interventional Neuroradiology Fellowship at University of Michigan Health System (2008) Dr. Ansari is board certified in both Neuroradiology and Diagnostic Radiology by the American Board of Radiology. His primary research interests focus on endovascular treatment of neurovascular diseases, particularly advanced MRI techniques to optimize patient selection for acute ischemic stroke interventions and intracranial atherosclerotic disease treatments. He has published extensively on stroke thrombectomy outcomes, intracranial aneurysm management, and neurointerventional oncology. His recent publications (2025) demonstrate significant contributions across multiple domains including probabilistic modeling for stroke outcomes prediction, racial disparities in aneurysm treatment, novel approaches to medium vessel occlusion, and the emerging field of neurointerventional oncology. His work frequently leverages the NeuroVascular Quality Initiative-Quality Outcomes Database (NVQI-QOD) registry to generate real-world evidence. Dr. Ansari maintains active leadership roles in professional societies: Scientific Exhibits Committee-Interventional, ASNR (2010-Present) Session Moderator-Adult Brain: Vascular, Intracranial, ASNR (2010-Present) AHA/ASA Abstract Grading Subcommittee, International Stroke Meeting (2010-Present) Presentation Award Committee-Interventional, ASNR (2010-Present) His professional society memberships include the American Heart/Stroke Association, American Society of Neuroradiology, Society of Neurointerventional Surgery, American Roentgen Ray Society, American University Radiologists, American College of Radiology, and Radiological Society of North America. In 2024, he served on boards for the American Board of Radiology, American College of Radiology, American Heart Association, and multiple medical device companies including Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and MicroVention. Dr. Ansari's clinical work focuses on the endovascular treatment of neurovascular diseases, with particular expertise in acute stroke intervention and complex cerebrovascular disorders. His research bridges clinical practice with advanced imaging techniques to improve patient outcomes in neurointerventional procedures.
Chelsey R. Carter is an Assistant Professor of Public Health in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Yale School of Public Health with a secondary appointment in the Department of Anthropology. A Black feminist anthropologist of medicine, public health, and race from St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Carter's interdisciplinary work bridges public health, anthropology, and critical race studies to address health inequities, particularly focusing on neurodegenerative diseases like ALS in Black communities. Dr. Carter received her BA in Anthropology from Emory University (2012), followed by an MPH and PhD from Washington University in St. Louis (2021), and completed a Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship at Princeton University (2022). Her educational background reflects her commitment to both anthropological theory and public health practice. Her research examines the relationship between social determinants of health (particularly anti-Black racism, socioeconomic status, and gender) and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and motor neuron diseases. Dr. Carter employs ethnographic research and qualitative methodologies to investigate how embodied inequality impacts diagnosis, treatment, and engagement in clinical trials for Black individuals with ALS. She also leads research on precision medicine and genomic research in Black communities through The Black Genome Project and studies caregiving among persons impacted by ALS. Her scholarship has been funded by the National Science Foundation, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, and the Wenner Gren Foundation. Analysis of Dr. Carter's recent publication trends reveals a strong focus on health equity, particularly examining how systemic racism manifests in medical settings and contributes to health disparities. Her work spans multiple domains including neurodegenerative diseases, HIV/AIDS care, genomics, and mental health, with consistent attention to intersectional approaches that consider race, gender, and socioeconomic status. A notable pattern in her scholarship is the use of qualitative and mixed methods to center the lived experiences of marginalized communities, challenging dominant biomedical paradigms through a Black feminist lens. Principal's Development Fund Visiting Scholar (2024) Distinguished Teaching Award from Yale School of Public Health (2023) Funding from the National Science Foundation Support from the Andrew Mellon Foundation Wenner Gren Foundation grant Dr. Carter actively mentors students and has developed innovative teaching approaches, including her course 'Biomedical Justice: Public Health Critiques and Praxis,' which encourages students to bring their full selves into the classroom. Her research has been supported by significant grants that enable community-engaged work addressing health disparities. She emphasizes the importance of community partnerships in her research, ensuring that academic work serves and is accountable to the communities being studied. Dr. Carter is Founder and Director of The LEITH (Lived Experiences Igniting Transformations in Health) Lab, which addresses Black invisibility and misdiagnosis for rare neurodegenerative and genetic diseases. The lab brings together persons and caregivers impacted by rare diseases, researchers, clinical providers, educators, students, and activists to develop more humanizing and critical approaches in the rare neurodegenerative field. The LEITH Lab's vision centers on advancing anti-racist research, fostering awareness through education, creating palliative networks for support, and developing a pipeline of health equity scholars.
Joel Greenhouse is a Professor of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), affiliated with the Department of Statistics & Data Science. He has been on the faculty since 1983 and held leadership roles, including serving as Associate Dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences from 1997 to 2002. He also holds an adjunct appointment as Professor of Epidemiology and Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. His expertise spans statistical methodology, clinical trial design, and meta-analysis, with a focus on integrating data from multiple sources to address complex healthcare and public health challenges. Greenhouse earned his Ph.D. in Biostatistics from the University of Michigan and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at CMU. His research emphasizes developing statistical tools for observational studies, clinical trials, and meta-analytic frameworks, particularly in neurology, mental health, and public policy contexts. Notable contributions include analyzing the impact of media on youth suicide rates, improving aphasia classification through automated speech analysis, and evaluating highway safety through driver health data. Education: Ph.D. in Biostatistics, University of Michigan Affiliations: Adjunct Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Member of National Academy of Sciences’ committees Professional Service: Data and safety monitoring boards for NIH/VA studies, co-chair of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration review panels His awards include CMU’s Doherty Award for Education, Ryan Teaching Award, and E. Dunlop Smith Award for teaching excellence. His work bridges theoretical statistics with real-world applications, particularly in interdisciplinary collaborations across medicine, psychology, and public policy. Greenhouse’s recent articles highlight trends in leveraging large datasets for clinical insights (e.g., aphasiaBank), re-evaluating environmental and behavioral health associations, and advancing causal inference methods. His interdisciplinary approach ensures statistical rigor addresses societal challenges, from suicide prevention to highway safety.
John Z. Ayanian serves as the Alice Hamilton Distinguished University Professor of Medicine and Healthcare Policy at the University of Michigan, holding joint appointments as Professor of Internal Medicine in the Medical School, Professor of Health Management and Policy in the School of Public Health, and Professor of Public Policy in the Gerald R Ford School of Public Policy. As inaugural Director of the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation (IHPI), he leads a consortium of 700 faculty members across 15 schools and maintains clinical practice as a general internist at Michigan Medicine. His academic foundation includes a Bachelor of Arts in history and political science from Duke University (1982), medical degree from Harvard Medical School (1987), and master's in public policy from Harvard Kennedy School (1987), followed by residency and fellowship at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and post-doctoral training in health services research at Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ayanian's research program investigates health equity, access to care, and quality of care with particular attention to social determinants including race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage. His work critically examines Medicaid expansion impacts, Medicare Advantage disparities, and policy responses to health inequities, often utilizing large-scale claims databases and cross-institutional collaborations. Current projects include the federally-authorized evaluation of Michigan's Medicaid expansion program serving over 700,000 adults. Analysis of his 15 most recent publications (2025) reveals three dominant research thrusts: (1) Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare comparisons across diverse clinical conditions, (2) Medicaid policy evaluation including unwinding impacts and expansion effects, and (3) innovative measurement of health equity through new indices and AI applications. His work consistently emphasizes methodological rigor in health services research while maintaining strong policy relevance. His scientific honors include: Election to the National Academy of Medicine Master status in the American College of Physicians John Eisenberg National Award for Career Achievement in Research Distinguished Investigator Award from AcademyHealth Election to Alpha Omega Alpha and Association of American Physicians Dr. Ayanian leads the federally-funded Healthy Michigan Plan evaluation team of 15 faculty members and serves as founding Editor-in-Chief of JAMA Health Forum, previously holding editorial positions at the New England Journal of Medicine. His research receives substantial federal support focused on health policy evaluation, with particular emphasis on vulnerable populations. He actively mentors students and junior faculty across multiple disciplines. As Director of IHPI, he fosters interdisciplinary collaboration across 15 schools at the University of Michigan. His leadership extends to center memberships in AI and Digital Health Innovation, Caswell Diabetes Institute, and Center for Global Health Equity, where he promotes data-driven solutions to health disparities through cross-campus partnerships and innovative research methodologies.
Benjamin Shore, MD, MPH, FRCSC, is Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School and a practicing pediatric orthopedic surgeon at Boston Children’s Hospital. He serves as Co-Director of the Cerebral Palsy and Spasticity Center and Director of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Fellowship. Education and Training Undergraduate: Biology, University of Victoria, 1999 MPH: Harvard School of Public Health, 2013 MD: University of Western Ontario, 2003 Residency: Orthopedic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, 2008 Fellowship 1: Pediatric Orthopedics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, 2009 Fellowship 2: Pediatric Orthopedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 2010 Research Focus Dr. Shore’s research centers on improving outcomes for children with cerebral palsy and other complex musculoskeletal conditions. His work spans hip surveillance and reconstruction, gait abnormalities, trauma care, and the implementation of evidence-based surgical pathways. He has pioneered investigations into anesthesia protocols, infection prevention, and patient-reported outcome measures for pediatric orthopedic populations. Scientific Awards St. Giles Young Investigator Award (POSNA) Clinician Scientist Development Program Award (CSDP) Charles H. Hood Foundation Child Health Research Award Leadership & Multi-Disciplinary Teams At Boston Children’s Hospital, Dr. Shore leads a high-performance team within the Cerebral Palsy and Spasticity Center that integrates orthopedic surgery, neurology, physical therapy, and social work to deliver patient- and family-centered care. He mentors fellows and residents and actively contributes to national consensus projects using Delphi methodology to standardize surgical indications in cerebral palsy.
Tyler Simko is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan, specializing in US state and local politics, political geography, and computational social science. His research focuses on understanding and addressing inequality in American public policy through innovative methodological approaches. Education: Ph.D. in Government, Harvard University (2024) A.B. in Politics, Princeton University Simko's research examines state and local politics in the United States with particular focus on political geography and subnational policymaking. His active research agendas include legislative redistricting ("gerrymandering"), local public meetings, school segregation, affordable housing, and data privacy. Methodologically, he develops new techniques in computational social science and machine learning to evaluate subnational inequality and how it can be reduced. His work regularly involves partnerships with federal, state, and local officials to improve the design of public policy. His recent publications demonstrate a strong focus on applying computational methods to address real-world policy challenges, particularly in school desegregation, redistricting, and local government transparency. His research often leverages large-scale data collection efforts, such as LocalView (the largest database of local government meetings in the US), to analyze patterns of political behavior and policy outcomes across different jurisdictions. Awards and Recognition: APSA 2024-25 Best Paper in Education Politics and Policy Award APSA 2024-25 Best Paper in Urban and Local Politics, Honorable Mention MPSA 2024 Robert H. Durr Award for "the best paper applying quantitative methods to a substantive problem" Derek C. Bok Award for Excellence in Graduate Student Teaching of Undergraduates (2023) Simko teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in American Politics and Political Methodology at the University of Michigan. His teaching experience spans multiple institutions, including Harvard University and Princeton University. He has designed innovative courses on US Local Policymaking, data science, and computational social science. As a Data Scientist at the Office of Evaluation Sciences, he partners with federal, state, and local officials to improve program design and reduce administrative burdens. He is a co-PI of the Algorithm-Assisted Redistricting Methodology (ALARM) Project and co-creator of LocalView, the largest audio, video, and text database of local government meetings in the United States. These projects represent significant contributions to the field of computational social science and provide valuable resources for researchers studying local governance and policy-making.
Manuel Kleiner is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plant and Microbial Biology at North Carolina State University. His research focuses on metabolic and physiological interactions in host-microbe systems, microbial ecology, and the application of metagenomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry to study complex microbiota-host relationships. Research Highlights: Development of metaproteomic techniques to quantify protein expression, analyze community structure via biomass contributions, and track isotope ratios to understand nutrient flow between hosts and microbiota. Creator of the "transductomics" approach to detect horizontal gene transfer via viral transduction in intestinal systems. Collaborates with researchers such as Theriot, Sartor, Sheikh, Ziegler, and Gonzalez. Recent Trends: His 2025 publications emphasize gut microbiome dynamics, maize root-microbe interactions, transplantation biology, and advancements in metaproteomic methodologies. Key themes include dietary impacts on microbiota, stable isotope probing, and synthetic microbial communities for plant and human health. Laboratory Tools: The Kleiner Lab utilizes quantitative metagenomics, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and computational modeling to dissect functional interactions in symbiotic systems across diverse environments, from marine organisms to agricultural crops.
Sarah Boyd, MD is an Associate Professor specializing in Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery. She focuses on optimizing patient outcomes for pelvic floor disorders through surgical and non-surgical approaches. Board-certified in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2017) and Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery (2021), her expertise spans pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and minimally invasive gynecologic procedures. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship, Hartford Hospital (2016-2019) Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency, Christiana Care Health System (2012-2016) MD from Marshall University John C. Edwards School of Medicine (2008-2012) Her research explores adverse outcomes in pelvic reconstructive surgery, postoperative opioid consumption, catheter management, and non-surgical interventions for prolapse. She collaborates in multi-institutional research groups analyzing perioperative outcomes. Articles demonstrate trends in data-driven surgical optimization and pain management protocols. Scientific Awards: Pyrtek Research Paper Distinction Award in Clinical Research (2019)
Lynn Blewett is a Professor in the Division of Health Policy & Management at the University of Minnesota's School of Public Health. She serves as the Director of the State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC), a research and policy center funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that supports state efforts to monitor and evaluate programs to increase access and coverage. PhD in Health Services Research, Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota MA in Public Affairs, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota BA in Psychology, University of Wisconsin Dr. Blewett's research focuses on health care policy and access to care, with expertise in health disparities, Medicaid/CHIP, immigrant health, survey research, and international health systems. As an advocate for information access, she helped bring a Census Research Data Center to the University of Minnesota, which is the only RDC with a health services and policy focus. Her work bridges academic research with practical policy applications at the state level. Analysis of Dr. Blewett's publications reveals a consistent focus on health insurance coverage, access to care, and state-level health policy implementation. Her research spans methodological approaches including survey research, policy analysis, and data resource development. Recent work has increasingly addressed the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare access and material hardship, while maintaining her longstanding focus on underinsurance, Medicaid policy, and state health policy monitoring systems. Dr. Blewett directs SHADAC, which provides high-level access to federal surveys for state policymakers. Her work has been instrumental in developing state capacity to monitor health coverage and access. While specific awards aren't listed in the available information, her leadership of a major Robert Wood Johnson Foundation-funded center indicates significant recognition in her field. As Director of SHADAC, Dr. Blewett leads a team focused on supporting state efforts to monitor and evaluate health access and coverage programs. Her work involves collaborating with state policymakers, researchers, and advocates to translate data into actionable policy insights. The Census Research Data Center she helped establish at the University of Minnesota serves as a critical resource for health services and policy researchers requiring access to restricted federal data.
Helen Suh is a Professor at Tufts University, jointly appointed in the departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Community Health . As an internationally-recognized expert in air pollution health effects, she combines environmental epidemiology , exposure science , and data analytics to investigate how pollutants impact human health. Sc.D. , Harvard University (1993) M.S. , Harvard University (1990) S.B. , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1985) Her research focuses on three areas: air pollutant impacts on cognitive performance and child development , multi-pollutant health effects , and GIS-based spatio-temporal modeling for epidemiological studies. Recent publications highlight her work on PM2.5 measurement error correction , hormonal disruptions in pregnancy , and machine learning applications in environmental health analysis. Current trends include: Advanced statistical methods for exposure assessment Multi-omics approaches to cardiometabolic health International comparative studies (e.g., Tehran, Puerto Rico) Long-term mortality analysis in Medicare populations Pollution-immune system interactions in vulnerable groups Policy-relevant modeling for air quality standards Helen Suh has served as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology and advised major U.S. and international health organizations. Her work spans over 150 publications and integrates multidisciplinary team leadership in environmental health science. Her laboratory develops large-scale data analytics tools and spatio-temporal exposure models to support population-level health research. Current projects include air pollution and aging cohorts , urban environmental noise measurement , and epigenetic responses to pollutants .
Søren Lundbye-Christensen is an Associate Professor and Biostatistician affiliated with the Clinical Institute at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Aalborg University, and Aalborg University Hospital in Denmark. He specializes in biostatistical support for medical research, with a strong emphasis on cardiovascular and epidemiological studies. His research interests include biostatistics, survival analysis, cohort studies, clinical epidemiology, and statistical modeling in public health. He has contributed to a wide array of healthcare research, particularly in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, maternal health, and infectious diseases. His methodological expertise spans time-to-event analysis, registry-based research, and interval-censored data modeling. The recent publications highlight a strong trend in applying advanced statistical methods to large-scale clinical and population-based datasets. His work often involves collaboration with medical researchers to derive prognostic models, validate clinical databases, and assess public health outcomes. Key themes include cardiovascular risk, fertility, cancer biomarkers, and implementation of medical training programs. Scientific Contributions and Recognition: Published over 320 research articles and datasets. Active contributor to methodological advancements in biostatistics. Regular peer reviewer, including for journals like the R Journal. Public engagement through media appearances on statistics and health. Academic Advising and Grants: Søren has supervised 31 student theses, formally serving as PhD supervisor for 14 theses and as a biostatistical advisor for 19 others, primarily in mathematics and statistics. He has participated in numerous research projects funded through institutional and national grants, including studies on seasonal disease trends, postoperative complications, and metabolic disease prediction. His work often involves interdisciplinary collaboration across medicine, public health, and data science. Labs and Research Teams: He is embedded in collaborative research networks at Aalborg University Hospital and Aalborg University, contributing statistical expertise to clinical research groups. He is involved in projects utilizing Danish national health registries and has contributed to the development and validation of clinical databases. His work supports both hypothesis-driven medical research and methodological innovation in biostatistics.
Taiwo Amoo is an Assistant Professor of Business and Quantitative Methods at Brooklyn College, CUNY , where he has been employed since 1999. His academic career spans institutions including Baruch College (substitute and adjunct roles, 1993-1999) and Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria (1987-1988). With a PhD in Operations Research (University of Exeter, 1992) and a BSc in Statistics (University of Ibadan, 1986), Amoo specializes in operations management, statistical analysis, and educational innovation. Current position: Assistant Professor (Brooklyn College, CUNY) Key expertise: Operations Management, Queueing Theory, Rating Scale Methodology Technological proficiency: SAS, SPSS, Oracle Database Systems His research focuses on optimizing rating scale design , integrating technology in education , and interdisciplinary approaches to business programs . Publications from 2000-2002 examine biases in survey construction, humor as an educational tool, and the relevance of traditional disciplinary structures in modern academia. Notable awards include PSC CUNY Grants and recognition as the Best Statistics Student at the University of Ibadan. Current affiliations: Brooklyn College (CUNY) Past affiliations: Baruch College (CUNY), University of Exeter, Kaduna Polytechnic
Murali Mani is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Engineering, and Physics at the College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan-Flint. He is actively involved in teaching courses such as Database Design (CSC 384, CSC 584) and Independent Graduate Study in Computer Science (CSC 591), and serves as Principal Investigator on multiple research grants focused on computing education and data science. His research interests span database systems, data provenance, generative AI for data augmentation, computing education, and the societal impact of technology . He has developed educational tools including epidemiology calculators and market basket analysis modules to support interdisciplinary learning. His work emphasizes integrating computing skills across disciplines such as health sciences and management. The 15 most recent scholarly contributions reflect a strong focus on data management, AI-augmented data curation, educational technology, and the cognitive aspects of learning programming. These publications appear in venues such as VLDB, IEEE FIE, and ACM conferences, with several under review or in preparation for top-tier journals like Communications of the ACM and the VLDB Journal. Scientific Awards: No awards explicitly mentioned in the provided text. Advising and Grants: Murali Mani actively mentors students through independent graduate studies and collaborative research projects. He has secured funding from the National Science Foundation (SGER grant on provenance metadata) and internal university sources, including the CIT/CHS Joint Grant and the Office of Research at UM-Flint, supporting projects on civic literacy, computational skills integration, and AI for social science data archiving. Labs and Teams: While no formal lab name is mentioned, Murali Mani leads a research group focused on data systems and computing education, collaborating with colleagues across departments and institutions. He contributes to initiatives such as the Michigan Institute for Data & AI in Society (MIDAS) and the Academic Data Science Alliance (ADSA), and has presented at conferences including IASSIST, FIE, and ICCTAC.
Kenneth BENOIT is the Dean and Full-time Professor of Computational Social Science at the School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University (SMU). Previously, he served as Director of the Data Science Institute at the London School of Economics (LSE) from 2020 to 2024. He holds a PhD in Government from Harvard University, specializing in statistical methodology. His research focuses on computational methods for analyzing textual data, particularly political texts and social media. Key areas include text-as-data techniques, natural language processing, and the application of large language models in social sciences. He has pioneered methods combining machine learning with crowd-sourced coding to improve the accuracy of political text analysis. Ken’s work emphasizes the analysis of big data, electoral systems, and comparative party competition, with notable contributions to the European Parliament and policy positioning studies. His expertise extends to software development, including R packages like quanteda and spacyr , which are widely used in text analysis. His articles and publications span methodological innovations, policy analysis, and interdisciplinary applications. Notable projects include scaling political party positions and examining the role of AI in public policy. He is actively involved in academic leadership, having served on editorial boards and organized collaborative research initiatives like the CIVICA research hackathon. Beyond SMU, he maintains professional profiles on LinkedIn and GitHub , reflecting his commitment to open-source tools and scholarly collaboration.
