Find Academic Supervisors

Fei TengView profile

Associate Professor

• Power Systems
• Cybersecurity
• Renewable Energy Integration
• +3 more

Dr. Fei Teng is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Imperial College London and Director of Education at the Energy Futures Lab, a pan-university hub for interdisciplinary energy research. He holds visiting positions at MINES ParisTech, PolyU Hong Kong, and KTH Sweden. His research focuses on software-defined power networks, stability-constrained optimization, cyber-resilient decision-making, and privacy-preserving data exchange in low-inertia grids. Dr. Teng has authored over 100 publications in top-tier journals and conferences, with funding from EPSRC, Innovate UK, the Royal Society, and industry partners like Hitachi and National Grid ESO. His work addresses critical challenges in grid stability, cybersecurity, and renewable energy integration. He has received prestigious awards, including the IEEE Early Career Award and Royal Society Kan Tong Po Fellowship. Research interests include high-penetration power electronics, uncertainty modeling in power systems, and data privacy in smart grids. His interdisciplinary approach integrates machine learning, quantum computing, and cyber-physical systems to enhance grid resilience and efficiency. Key contributions include frameworks for stability-constrained optimization, cyber-resilient control, and synthetic inertia from electric vehicles. He advocates for software-defined grids to revolutionize decision-making frameworks for NetZero systems.

Larry PileggiView profile

Professor

• Secure Integrated Circuit Hardware
• Integrated Circuits Design Methodologies
• Power Systems Simulation and Optimization
• +3 more

Larry Pileggi is the Coraluppi Head and Tanoto Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). He is also the Department Head of CMU’s ECE Department and has held prior roles at Westinghouse Research and Development and the University of Texas at Austin. His work bridges academic research and industry innovation, with co-founding ventures like Fabbrix Inc., Extreme DA, and Pearl Street Technologies. Dr. Pileggi earned his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from CMU (1989), following an M.S. (1984) and B.S. (1983) in Electrical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on three core areas: secure integrated circuit hardware (mitigating supply-chain threats), integrated circuits design methodologies (supporting sub-20nm CMOS and heterogeneous technologies), and power systems simulation (developing robust grid analysis tools like SUGAR). He has been recognized with numerous awards, including the prestigious 2023 Phil Kaufman Award for contributions to electronic system design, and is an IEEE Fellow. His academic leadership includes fostering maker initiatives and interdisciplinary research programs to address future challenges in energy and computing systems. Pileggi’s advising record includes over 47 Ph.D. students, many of whom collaborate with him in industry ventures. Current and past grants support his work on resilient power grids and novel memory technologies, reflecting a commitment to both theoretical and applied research. His lab, the Pileggi Lab, develops cutting-edge solutions for energy and integrated systems, emphasizing scalable simulation, secure hardware design, and next-generation memory architectures. Collaborations span institutions like ETH Zurich and industry partners in EDA and semiconductor sectors.

Henrik SandbergView profile

Professor

• Cyber-Physical Systems Security
• Power Systems
• Model Reduction
• +6 more

Henrik Sandberg is a Professor at the Division of Decision and Control Systems , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm, Sweden. He holds the title of Deputy Head of Division and is affiliated with the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science . Education: MSc in Engineering Physics (1999) PhD in Automatic Control (2004) from Lund University Postdoctoral position at Caltech (pre-2007) Research Interests: Focus on cyber-physical systems security , power systems , model reduction , and fundamental limitations of control systems . Key sub-areas include attack detection , networked control , privacy-preserving estimation , and resilient control architectures . Publications: Over 150 papers across IEEE Transactions and Automatica , covering topics like stealthy attacks , distributed control , LQG optimization , and thermodynamic costs in filtering . Recent work includes LWE-based encrypted control and Bayesian deception mechanisms . Scientific Awards: Best Student Paper Award Finalist at IEEE CASE 2014; Best Student-Paper Award at IEEE CDC 2004. Grants & Projects: Leads the DYNACON project (WASP Cybersec cluster) and collaborates on CERCES (critical infrastructure resilience). Serves as examiner for multiple advanced courses in cybersecurity and control systems. Contact: Email: hsan@kth.se Phone: +46 (0)8 790 7294 Room: A:607, Malvinas Väg 10, Stockholm

Liang ChengView profile

Professor

• Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• AI/ML Applications
• +7 more

Dr. Liang Cheng is the Department Chair and Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Toledo. He leads a department with ~700 students across CS, CSE, and EE programs. His research focuses on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), IoT, AI/ML, and intelligent infrastructure, supported by over $30M in funding from NSF, DOE, DOT, and industry. Notable projects include CPS Breakthrough initiatives and underground sensing systems. He co-edited a multidisciplinary book on Underground Sensing and contributed to smart grid cybersecurity. Dr. Cheng has held leadership roles at Lehigh University, shaping faculty governance and equity policies. His 100+ publications span networking, real-time systems, and sensor networks. He advises on funded projects totaling $30M+ and has pioneered pedagogical approaches in computer science education. Research Interests: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS): Focuses on autonomous drones, energy systems, and real-time infrastructure Networking: Expertise in TSN, DTN, and wireless protocols Cybersecurity: SCADA systems, PLC attack detection, and blockchain energy modeling Underground Sensing: Geo-sensing via wireless signals and subsurface tomography Grants & Projects: Over 20 sponsored projects including NSF CPS Breakthrough (2018-2023), ABB smart grid projects, and DARPA-funded EDIFY systems. Key contributions include reconfigurable wireless architectures and network calculus tools for real-time systems. Teaching: Courses span senior design, compiler design, parallel computing, and wireless sensor networks. Developed pedagogical patterns for non-CS programming education. Awards: Recognized for leadership in academic governance and interdisciplinary research collaboration.

• Health Informatics
• Medical Data Privacy
• Electronic Health Records
• +4 more

Johan Gustav Bellika is a Professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, based in Tromsø. His work bridges clinical medicine with health informatics, focusing on practical applications that improve healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Current Position: Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine Institution: UiT The Arctic University of Norway Location: Tromsø, Norway Contact: johan.gustav.bellika@uit.no Professor Bellika's research spans several critical areas in modern healthcare. His primary focus is on health informatics with particular emphasis on medical data privacy, electronic health records, and the application of artificial intelligence in clinical settings. He has made significant contributions to understanding chronic pain management through technology, primary care research networks, and patient-centered care models. His work often involves large population studies such as the Tromsø Study, examining how digital health tools impact healthcare utilization and patient outcomes. His research demonstrates a consistent thread connecting technological innovation with practical clinical applications. Bellika has been instrumental in developing privacy-preserving architectures for healthcare data analysis, which enable researchers to gain insights from sensitive health information without compromising patient privacy. His work on federated learning frameworks represents cutting-edge approaches to analyzing medical data while maintaining strict privacy controls. Health Informatics and Medical Data Privacy Chronic Pain Management through Technology Primary Care Research Networks (PraksisNett) Electronic Health Records and Clinical Decision Support Patient-Centered Digital Health Solutions Federated Learning Applications in Healthcare Professor Bellika's publication record shows a strong trend toward interdisciplinary research that combines clinical medicine, computer science, and public health. His recent work increasingly focuses on the intersection of artificial intelligence and healthcare, particularly how machine learning can be applied to chronic conditions while maintaining rigorous privacy standards. The geographical scope of his research extends across Norway with particular emphasis on Northern Norwegian populations, providing valuable insights into healthcare delivery in Arctic and remote regions. His collaborative approach is evident through numerous co-authored publications with researchers across multiple institutions and disciplines. While specific awards aren't detailed in the available information, his extensive publication record in reputable journals suggests recognition within his field. Professor Bellika has been actively involved in several major research initiatives including the Tromsø Study and PraksisNett, Norway's nationwide practice-based research network. His work on privacy-preserving architectures for healthcare data has significant implications for how medical research can be conducted while respecting patient confidentiality. He appears to be particularly focused on translating research findings into practical tools for clinicians, as evidenced by his work on audit and feedback systems for antibiotic prescribing.

Subodha KumarView profile

Professor

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
• Blockchain
• +7 more

Subodha Kumar is the Paul R. Anderson Distinguished Chair Professor of Statistics, Operations, and Data Science at Temple University’s Fox School of Business. He serves as the Founding Director of the Center for Business Analytics and Disruptive Technologies and has a secondary appointment in Information Systems. His roles include Ph.D. Program Concentration Director for Operations and Supply Chain Management. With over 240 publications, he ranks #1 globally in Information Systems Research publishing and holds a robotics patent. His research focuses on AI, blockchain, healthcare analytics, and cybersecurity, with notable contributions to digital transformation and operations management. Awards include the INFORMS ISS Distinguished Fellow and POMS Fellow. He advises major journals like Production and Operations Management and organizes conferences like POMS 2018. Media mentions span NYT, WSJ, and CBS. Education: University of Washington faculty Texas A&M University faculty Research Interests: Dr. Kumar explores AI applications, blockchain in fintech, healthcare system optimization, and supply chain analytics. He investigates cybersecurity’s operational impacts and data mining strategies. His work bridges theory and practice, addressing challenges in digital transformation and platform economies. Publications Trends: Recent work emphasizes digital platforms (e.g., blockchain adoption, telemedicine impact), organizational behavior (real-time feedback systems), and healthcare operations (personalized treatment algorithms). He frequently collaborates internationally, with studies appearing in Management Science, Information Systems Research, and Decision Sciences. Awards & Recognition: Changjiang Scholars Chair (China) ISB Visiting Professorship POMS Executive Editor Grants & Labs: Secured NIH grants for health analytics projects. Leads Temple’s analytics center fostering industry partnerships. Active in editorial roles (e.g., Production and Operations Management Journal Deputy Editor). Teaching: Offers courses in data science, optimization methods, and innovation entrepreneurship at graduate/undergraduate levels.

Mo AddaView profile

Senior Lecturer

• Network Security
• Distributed Systems
• Wireless Networks
• +5 more

Dr. Mo Adda is a Principal Lecturer at the University of Portsmouth's School of Computing, part of the Faculty of Technology. He holds a PhD in Distributed Systems and Parallel Processing from the University of Surrey. His research focuses on network security, distributed systems, wireless networks, and cybercrime prevention. He leads projects in the Centre for Cybercrime and Economic Crime, exploring fault management in networks, blockchain applications, and IoT forensics. With 16 supervised theses, he advises on topics like energy-efficient cloud systems and machine learning for environmental modeling. His work bridges academia and industry, addressing challenges in software-defined networks, traffic control, and secure data sharing in social networks. Education: PhD in Distributed Systems (University of Surrey) Affiliations: Centre of Excellence in Defence, Risk & Resilience; Portsmouth Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Research Interests Dr. Adda's research spans: Network security and fault detection mechanisms Blockchain applications in IoT and forensics Energy-efficient cloud data center optimization Machine learning for climate modeling Self-organizing network protocols Grants & Collaborations His projects include collaborations with industry partners on secure data leakage detection in cloud systems and resilient wireless protocols for harsh environments. He has pioneered fault classification systems using clustering algorithms and fuzzy logic. Labs & Teams He contributes to the Centre for Cybercrime and Economic Crime, focusing on digital forensics and network intrusion analysis. His team develops frameworks for privacy management in social networks and proactive routing in software-defined networks.

Amr YoussefView profile

Professor

• Applied Cryptography
• Network Security
• Cyber-Physical Systems Security
• +4 more

Amr Youssef is a Professor at the Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University. His research focuses on applied cryptography, network security, cyber-physical systems security, blockchain, and privacy. He has contributed extensively to securing smart grids, IoT devices, and web applications through cryptographic protocols and machine learning-driven solutions. His work addresses critical challenges in cybersecurity, including e-voting systems, fault-tolerant differential protection, and privacy-preserving communication protocols. He explores vulnerabilities in modern systems such as SSO permissions, JavaScript exploits, and stalkerware tools, while developing frameworks like MEGR-APT for APT detection and TEE-Receipt for non-repudiation. Youssef’s research integrates interdisciplinary approaches, combining cryptography with AI (e.g., vision transformers for power quality analysis) and leveraging trusted execution environments (TEE) for secure computing. His projects often involve collaboration with industrial standards (e.g., IEC 61850), emphasizing practical implementations in real-world systems.

Bernhard J. BergerView profile

Lecturer

• Software Security
• Static Code Analysis
• Machine Learning
• +4 more

Bernhard J. Berger is a Lecturer in the Department of Computer Engineering at the Institute of Embedded Systems, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH). His research focuses on software security, static code analysis, machine learning, optimization, and research data management. He has held significant roles such as Program Committee member for ICPC 2025 and MSR 2025, and has received awards including the Best Reviewer Award (ICPC 2023) and Best Engineering Paper Award (SCAM 2019). His work spans interdisciplinary applications including maritime systems security, GPU-accelerated AI, and evolutionary algorithms. Recent studies emphasize AI-driven security tools (e.g., ML-SAST) and domain-specific language approaches to optimization (EvoAl). He has contributed to over 30 peer-reviewed publications, with notable work in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering and Science of Computer Programming. Berger collaborates closely with industry through DAAD review committees and serves on artifact evaluation boards for ISSTA and ARES conferences. Education: Doctoral Thesis (2022), Diploma in Computer Science (2007) Key Projects: ArchSec tool suite, Threat Modeling Frameworks, Bauhaus static analysis methodology Lab Affiliation: Embedded Systems Design Group His advisory roles include Deputy of TUHH's Election Verification Committee and Session Chair at IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2023. Current research trends integrate machine learning with static analysis for automated vulnerability detection, while also exploring explainable AI techniques for neural network optimization.

Nagi GebraeelView profile

Professor

• Predictive Analytics
• Machine Learning
• Prognostics and Health Management
• +5 more

Professor Nagi Gebraeel serves as the Georgia Power Early Career Professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, where his research integrates predictive analytics, machine learning, and optimization for industrial IoT applications. His work focuses on real-time equipment diagnostics, prognostics, and operational decision-making in critical infrastructure systems. Education: Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering (2003), Purdue University M.S. in Industrial Engineering (1998), Purdue University Research Focus: Dr. Gebraeel develops statistical learning algorithms for IoT-enabled maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO), with emphasis on federated learning frameworks for distributed fault diagnosis and cybersecurity protection against Industrial Control System (ICS) attacks. His research spans manufacturing, power generation, and deep space habitats through NASA's HOME Space Technology Research Institute, where he pioneers self-aware habitat systems. Recent work addresses data heterogeneity in high-consequence industrial environments using causal-informed analytics. Publication Trends: His 2024-2025 publications demonstrate a strong trajectory toward distributionally robust optimization for maintenance logistics, federated learning architectures for distributed fault diagnosis, and prognostics for complex systems like offshore wind farms and industrial robots. Key themes include handling imbalanced data in fault diagnosis, state-space representations for interdependent systems, and cybersecurity integration in manufacturing networks. Awards and Recognition: NSF CAREER Award (2007) SAE Aircraft Electrical Power System Recognition Award (2008) SAE Materials Modeling and Testing Recognition Award (2006) IEEE-AUTOTESTCON Certificate (2006) Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers Advising and Funding: Dr. Gebraeel mentors doctoral students including Michael Ibrahim (2025 IISE Best Student Paper winner), Heraldo Rozas (now Assistant Professor at University of Chile), Ayush Mohanty, and Nazal Mohamed. He secured a $500,000 NSF grant in August 2025 for AI-driven cybersecurity in distributed manufacturing networks and leads NASA-funded research on deep space habitat systems. His work bridges academic research with industry applications through Georgia Tech's Strategic Energy Institute collaborations. Research Infrastructure: He directs the Analytics and Prognostics Systems laboratory at Georgia Tech's Manufacturing Institute and leads the Predictive Analytics and Intelligent Systems (PAIS) research group. Previously, he served as associate director of Georgia Tech's Strategic Energy Institute (2014-2019), fostering data science applications in energy systems.

Mohammad ZulkernineView profile

Professor

• Cyber-Physical System Security
• Software Reliability
• Security Engineering
• +6 more

Dr. Mohammad Zulkernine is a Full Professor and Canada Research Chair in Cyber-Physical System Security at Queen’s University’s School of Computing (Faculty of Arts and Science). He leads the Queen’s Reliable Software Technology (QRST) research group and directs the Queen’s Centre for Security & Privacy. His research focuses on secure software systems for cyber-physical systems, including autonomous vehicles, IoT, and cloud computing. Dr. Zulkernine holds a cross-appointment in Electrical and Computer Engineering and is a licensed Professional Engineer in Ontario. Education: BSc (Bangladesh BUET), MEng (Japan), PhD (University of Waterloo). He joined Queen’s in 2003 and has held sabbaticals at University of Trento, Italy and Irdeto Canada. He has published over 250 papers, led 35+ research projects, and supervised 120+ students. Awards include Canada Research Chairs (Tier I and II), Queen’s Excellence in Graduate Supervision Award, and Distinguished Supervision Award from the School of Computing. Research Interests: Cyber-Physical System Security, Software Reliability, IoT Security, Vehicle Networks, Secure Software Engineering, and Cybersecurity Risk Assessment. Active industry collaborations include EU-funded projects and Canada-Africa initiatives.

• Network Security
• Cryptographic Protocols
• Industrial Control System Security
• +7 more

Professor Ernest Foo is a distinguished academic at Griffith University's School of Information and Communication Technology, specializing in cybersecurity with a focus on industrial control systems and cryptographic protocols. With over 15 years of experience in computer networking, he has established himself as a leading expert in SCADA security and smart grid cybersecurity. His research has significant practical applications in critical infrastructure protection, and he has developed hands-on security training programs that have trained professionals from major Australian utilities and government agencies. Professor Foo's educational background includes: Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Electronic and Computer Engineering from University of Queensland Doctor of Philosophy from Queensland University of Technology Professor Foo's research interests center around secure cryptographic protocols with specific applications in industrial control system security and cyber physical systems. His work spans SCADA security, smart grid protection, wireless sensor network security, and post-quantum cryptography. He has made significant contributions to understanding vulnerabilities in industrial protocols like Modbus and DNP3, and has pioneered the application of process mining and data mining techniques for attack detection in critical infrastructure systems. His research bridges theoretical security concepts with practical implementations in real-world industrial environments. Professor Foo's recent publications demonstrate a clear trajectory toward increasingly sophisticated security frameworks for critical infrastructure. His work shows a progression from foundational SCADA security research to advanced applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and formal methods in cybersecurity. A notable trend is the integration of zero trust principles with industrial control systems, alongside growing emphasis on post-quantum cryptographic solutions. His publications span high-impact journals and conferences in cybersecurity, with increasing focus on anomaly detection in cyber-physical systems and the application of graph-based machine learning techniques to network security challenges. Professor Foo's notable scientific achievements include: Best paper award at the 2nd International Cyber Resilience Conference for "Gap analysis of Intrusion Detection in Smart Grids" Professor Foo has secured significant research funding including an ARC Linkage grant with Powerlink Queensland focused on cyber security for electricity sub-stations. He currently leads multiple research projects including Westpac Micro-Credentials in Financial Crime Investigation, Digital Banking Micro-credentials with ANZ, and research on quantum-safe cryptography. As a dedicated educator, he serves as Program Director for multiple cybersecurity programs including the Master of Cyber Security, and has supervised numerous doctoral and masters students. His Cyber Security: Industrial Control System course, conducted annually from 2013-2018, featured innovative hands-on training with real-world participants from major Australian utilities. Professor Foo has been instrumental in establishing the SCADA security research laboratory with multiple vendor system miniatures running industrial PLCs. His work bridges theoretical security concepts with practical implementations, making significant contributions to the security of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure worldwide.

Myriam Dunn CaveltyView profile

Associate Professor

• Cybersecurity
• Digital Technologies and Political Behavior
• Governance of Digital Technologies
• +6 more

Myriam Dunn Cavelty serves as Deputy Head of Research and Teaching at the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zurich, where she leads significant academic initiatives in cybersecurity and digital governance. She holds formal affiliations as an associate researcher at the Center for Advanced Security Theory at the University of Copenhagen, and has held prestigious visiting positions at Brown University, the University of Darmstadt (as a Mercator Fellow), and the Central European University. Her research expertise centers on how digital technologies influence political behavior and societal values, with particular attention to governance arrangements for digital technologies and their embedding in social, political, and economic processes. Her scholarly contributions span cybersecurity politics, cyber warfare, critical infrastructure protection, and strategic foresight, reflecting an interdisciplinary approach that bridges political science, international relations, and technology studies. Dunn Cavelty's publication record demonstrates remarkable consistency and impact, with works spanning from 2008 to the present. Her research shows an evolution from early analyses of cyber-threat construction to contemporary examinations of AI in security contexts and the political dimensions of cybersecurity governance. Her work consistently addresses the intersection of technological capabilities and political constraints, examining how states and other actors navigate security challenges in the digital domain. Mercator Fellow at the University of Darmstadt Editor-in-Chief of Contemporary Security Policy Advisory work for governments, international institutions, and corporations As an academic leader, she has advised numerous doctoral students and supervised research projects examining the political dimensions of cybersecurity. Her work with the Center for Security Studies involves directing research programs that connect academic inquiry with policy relevance, particularly in the areas of risk analysis and strategic foresight. She has established herself as a leading voice in European cybersecurity scholarship, with particular expertise in the Swiss context and broader European security frameworks.

• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
• Active Learning Classrooms
• +5 more

Maher Elshakankiri is an Assistant Professor, Teaching Stream at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Information. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from Ain Shams University (Egypt), followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Regina. His research focuses on IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and pedagogical integration of technology and gaming. He has supervised over 100 student projects and authored a book on WSNs. Education: Ph.D. in Computer Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt M.Eng., B.Eng. in Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Regina, Canada Research Interests: IoT in healthcare, agriculture, and sports Active learning classrooms and technology in education Wireless communication protocols (V2V, UAV, RFID) Leadership & Grants: Director, Bachelor of Information (BI) Program (2024–present) Coordinator, Information Systems and Design (ISD) Concentration (2023) SSHRC Grant: 'Gaming in teaching towards a more inclusive class' (2022–2023) Professional Activities: Member, SCC IoT & Digital Twins Standards Committee Reviewer for journals including Wireless Networks , Telematics and Informatics , and Computational Intelligence Technical Program Committee member at multiple conferences Teaching: Courses include INF1340 (Programming for Data Science), INF1005/1006 (IoT Workshops), and INF452 (Information Design Coding).

Maria ApostolakiView profile

Assistant Professor

• Computer Networking
• Cybersecurity
• Blockchain Technology
• +4 more

Maria Apostolaki is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Princeton University. Her research focuses on designing secure, reliable, and high-performance networked systems, integrating expertise in networking, security, blockchain, and machine learning. She holds a Ph.D. from ETH Zurich (2021) and an M.Eng. from the National Technical University of Athens (2015). Education: Ph.D., ETH Zurich 2021 | M.Eng., NTUA 2015 Her work investigates challenges in network security, distributed systems, and adversarial resilience. Notable contributions include SABRE (protecting Bitcoin from routing attacks) and TANGO (collaborative route control). She has advised multiple graduate students in computer science and engineering. Key honors include the NSF CAREER Award and the IRTF/IETF Applied Networking Research Prize (2018). Her lab explores cutting-edge topics like contextual robustness in ML-driven network functions and formal methods for secure systems. Advising: 6 advisees in COS/ECE domains Grants: NSF CAREER Award, innovation grants for AI/robotics Her TANGO framework enables secure cross-domain routing, while recent work addresses vulnerabilities in Ethereum PoS and BGP routing protocols.