Elena Almeida

Elena Almeida serves as a Senior Policy Fellow at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Her expertise centers on nature-related financial risks and central banking, where she leads the Centre of Economic Transition Expertise (CETEx) workstream and previously directed the NGFS-INSPIRE Study Group. Her work bridges biodiversity loss, financial stability, and policy responses for global financial institutions.

She holds a degree in Economics from the University of Sussex and International Management from LSE. Prior professional experience includes monetary policy roles at the Central Bank of Malaysia, sustainable finance work at the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and Climate Advisor position at the Bank of England where she led nature-related initiatives.

Almeida's research critically examines biodiversity loss and financial system vulnerabilities, environmental integration into central banking, and net-zero transition pathways for emerging economies. She pioneers frameworks connecting terrestrial/ocean ecosystem degradation to macroeconomic risks, emphasizing deforestation and blue economy dynamics as systemic threats to financial stability.

Her publication trajectory reveals progressive sophistication from foundational risk identification (2021) to actionable policy tools (2023-2025). She has established critical linkages between ocean health and financial systems, developed nature-scenario methodologies for central banks, and produced concrete agendas for addressing deforestation-driven financial destabilization.

No scientific awards were referenced in source materials.

Almeida directs CETEx's nature-risk program and co-leads NGFS initiatives including the Nature Task Force's Conceptual Framework. Her work involves high-level coordination with central banks, international organizations (OECD, UN bodies), and policy communities through COP conferences and ocean-focused summits.